Canadian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes, or techniques—invented, innovated, or discovered—that owe their existence either partially or entirely to a person born in Canada, a citizen of Canada, or a company or organization based in Canada. Some of these inventions were funded by National Research Council Canada (NRCC), which has been an important factor in innovation and technological advancement. Often, things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two. The following is a list of inventions, innovations or discoveries known or generally recognized to be Canadian.

Inventions and improvements

Notable Canadian inventions and improvements to existing technologies include:

Computing, film, and animation

Archie (search engine) Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing users to more easily identify specific files. It is considered the first Internet search engine. The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage, then a postgraduate student ...

— the first internet search engine, invented by

Alan Emtage Alan Emtage (born November 27, 1964) is a Barbadians, Bajan-Canadians, Canadian computer scientist who conceived and implemented the first version of Archie search engine, Archie, a pre-World Wide Web, Web Internet search engine for locating mat ...

at McGill University around 1988. * Film colorization — invented by

Wilson Markle Wilson Markle (born September 2, 1938) is a Canadian engineer who invented the film colorization process in 1970.

in 1983. * IMAX movie system — co-invented by

Graeme Ferguson Graeme Ferguson may refer to: * Graeme Ferguson (biathlete) (born 1952), British biathlete * Graeme Ferguson (filmmaker) Ivan Graeme Ferguson (October 7, 1929May 8, 2021) was a Canadian filmmaker and inventor. He was noted for co-inventing IM ...

, Roman Kroitor, and Robert Kerr in 1968, following the creation of what is now the IMAX Corporation. * Java programming language — invented by James Gosling in 1994. *

Keyframe animation In animation and filmmaking, a key frame (or keyframe) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition. These are called ''frames'' because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film ...

— co-invented by Nestor Burtnyk and Marcelli Wein at the NRC in the 1970s. * Multi-Dynamic Image Technique — invented by Christopher Chapman in 1967. * The trackball was first built for the DATAR computer (although the concept was first mentioned in a similar UK project)

Communications

Canadian invented words & terms
*

56k modem A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by modulating one or more carr ...

— invented by Dr. Brent Townshend in 1996. * 735kV power line — the international standard for long-distance electricity transmission, invented by Jean-Jacques Archambault in Quebec, where the world's first 735,000-volt line was commissioned in 1965. * AM broadcasting — invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1906. *

Amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to ...

— invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1906. * BlackBerry device — its development was led by Mike Lazaridis, who founded BlackBerry Limited. *Cesium Beam atomic clock — developed by National Research Council personnel in the 1960s. *Computerized braille — invented by Roland Galarneau in 1972. *

Creed A creed, also known as a confession of faith, a symbol, or a statement of faith, is a statement of the shared beliefs of a community (often a religious community) in a form which is structured by subjects which summarize its core tenets. The ea ...

teleprinter system — invented by Fredrick Creed in 1900. * Fathometer — an early form of sonar invented by Reginald A. Fessenden in 1919. *

Gramophone A phonograph, in its later forms also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910) or since the 1940s called a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogu ...

— co-invented by

Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Te ...

in 1889. *

Hot wire barretter The hot-wire barretter was a demodulating detector, invented in 1902 by Reginald Fessenden, that found limited use in early radio receivers. In effect, it was a highly sensitive thermoresistor, which could demodulate amplitude-modulated signals, s ...

— invented by

Reginald A. Fessenden Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, who did a majority of his work in the United States and also claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father. During his life he received hundre ...

in 1902. *

Newsprint Newsprint is a low-cost, non-archival paper consisting mainly of wood pulp and most commonly used to print newspapers and other publications and advertising material. Invented in 1844 by Charles Fenerty of Nova Scotia, Canada, it usually has an ...

and pulped-wood paper — invented by Charles Fenerty in 1838. * Pager — invented by Alfred J. Gross in 1949. * Quartz clock — built by Warren Marrison in 1927. *

Radio telephony A radiotelephone (or radiophone), abbreviated RT, is a radio communication system for conducting a conversation; radiotelephony means telephony by radio. It is in contrast to ''radiotelegraphy'', which is radio transmission of telegrams (messag ...

— first demonstrated by

in 1901. *

Standard time Standard time is the synchronisation of clocks within a geographical region to a single time standard, rather than a local mean time standard. Generally, standard time agrees with the local mean time at some meridian that passes through the r ...

— introduced by Scottish-Canadian Sandford Fleming in 1878. * Telephone — invented by

in 1876. * Telephone handset — invented by

Cyrille Duquet Cyrille Duquet (31 March 1841—1 December 1922) was a Canadian goldsmith, flutist, and inventor in Quebec. Originally working in the field of clocks and watches, he was also a passionate jewelry collector. On 1 February 1878, Duquet was ...

in 1878 * Undersea telegraph cable — invented by British-Canadian Fredric Newton Gisborne in 1857. * Walkie-talkie — invented by Donald L. Hings and Alfred J. Gross in 1942 for military use.

Food and agriculture

Peanut butter Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Peanut butter is consumed in many countri ...

— Canadian chemist Marcellus Gilmore Edson patented a way to make "peanut paste" also known as peanut butter in 188

*

Butter Tarts A butter tart (french: tarte au beurre) is a type of small pastry tart highly regarded in Canadian cuisine. The sweet tart consists of a filling of butter, sugar, syrup, and egg, baked in a pastry shell until the filling is semi-solid with ...

* California roll — created by the Japanese-Canadian chef,

Hidekazu Tojo (born February 8, 1950, in Kagoshima, Japan) is a Japanese-Canadian chef based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Career Tojo first learned to cook at home, due in part to the fact his mother was vegetarian and Tojo and his siblings wanted meat. ...

, in the 1970s. *

Canada Dry Ginger Ale Canada Dry is a brand of soft drinks founded in 1904 and owned since 2008 by the American company Dr Pepper Snapple (now Keurig Dr Pepper). For over 100 years, Canada Dry has been known mainly for its ginger ale, though the company also manufact ...

— invented by John J. McLaughlin in 1907. * Canadian bacon *Cipaille * Canola — developed from natural rapeseed by NRC personnel in the 1970s. * Muktaaq * Crispy Crunch — created by Harold Oswin in 1930. * Coffee Crisp * Hawaiian Pizza — invented by the Greek-Canadian cook and businessman, Sam Panopoulos, in 1962. * Instant mashed potatoes ( Dehydrated potato flakes) — invented by

Edward Asselbergs Edward Anton Maria Asselbergs (1927–1996) was a Dutch-Canadian food chemist famous for inventing the modern process of producing instant mashed potato flakes. He was raised in the Netherlands where he received his undergraduate degree, but fled ...

in 1962. * Maple taffy *

Ambrosia In the ancient Greek myths, ''ambrosia'' (, grc, ἀμβροσία 'immortality'), the food or drink of the Greek gods, is often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus ...

apple — first cultivated in British Columbia during the early 1990s. * Jubilee apple — developed by Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre in British Columbia. * McIntosh apple — developed by John McIntosh (1811). * Spartan apple — introduced to Summerland, British Columbia in 1936. * Marquis wheat — invented by

Charles E. Saunders Sir Charles Edward Saunders, (February 2, 1867 – July 25, 1937) was a Canadian agronomist. He was the inventor of the 'Marquis' wheat cultivar. Saunders Secondary School in London, Ontario is named for him and other members of his promi ...

in 1908 and tested at the Agassiz experimental farm in British Columbia. (). * Montreal Melon — originally cultivated in the Montreal area but lost due to industrialization. The melon's seeds have recently been rediscovered and its cultivation revitalized. * Nanaimo Bar * Pablum — infant cereal, invented by Frederick Tisdall,

Theodore Drake Theodore G.H. Drake, MD (1891- 1959) was a Canadian pediatrician and one of three Physicians in Canada, physicians who developed Pablum. Early life Drake was born on September 16, 1891, in Webbwood, Ontario. He obtained his university degree from ...

, and Allan Brown in 1930. * An early form of

peanut butter Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Peanut butter is consumed in many countri ...

was first patented by Marcellus Gilmore Edson in 1884. * Pizza Pops * Poutine — created in the

Centre-du-Québec Centre-du-Québec (, ''Central Quebec'') is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville, and Bécancour. It has a land area of and a 2016 Census population of 242,399 inhabitants. Description The Centre-du- ...

region in the 1950s. *

Ragoût de boulettes Ragout (French ''ragoût''; ) is a main dish stew. Etymology The term comes from the French ''ragoûter'', meaning: "to revive the taste". Preparation The basic method of preparation involves slow cooking over a low heat. The main ingredients ...

— traditional Canadian dish from Québec * Ragoût de pattes *

Yukon Gold potato Yukon Gold is a large cultivar of potato most distinctly characterized by its thin, smooth, eye-free skin and yellow-tinged flesh. This potato was developed in the 1960s by Garnet ("Gary") Johnston in Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, with the hel ...

— invented by Gary Johnston in 1966. * Fricot — A tradiontal stew consisting of clams, chicken and other meats. * B.C. roll * Tourtière * UV-degradable Plastics — by Dr. James Guillet in 1971

Climate-related

* Rotary snowplow — invented by a Canadian dentist in 1869, and perfected by Orange Jull of

Orangeville, Ontario Orangeville (Canada 2016 Census 28,900) is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, and the seat of Dufferin County. History The first patent of land was issued to Ezekiel Benson, a land surveyor, on August 7, 1820. That was followed by land ...

. * Snow blower — invented by Arthur Sicard (1927). * Steam-powered

foghorn A foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards such as rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. W ...

— invented by Robert Foulis (1859).

Defence

CADPAT digital camouflage pattern (Canadian Forces)

* ASDIC — invented by Robert William Boyle in 1916. *

Canadian pipe mine The Canadian pipe mine, also known as the McNaughton tube, was a type of landmine deployed in Britain during the invasion crisis of 1940–1941. It comprised a horizontally bored pipe packed with explosives, and once in place this could be use ...

— a land mine used in Britain in World War II. *

Beartrap (helicopter device) A helicopter hauldown and rapid securing device (HHRSD) or beartrap enables helicopters to land on and depart from smaller ships in a wide range of weather conditions. Similar devices are referred to as RAST and TRIGON. The beartrap was develope ...

— invented for the Royal Canadian Navy in the early 1960s * CADPAT — the first "digital" camouflage system, which was then used for the US MARPAT (1996). * G-suit (or "anti-gravity suit") — a suit for

high-altitude Altitude or height (also sometimes known as depth) is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The exact definition and reference datum varies according to the context ...

jet pilots invented by

Wilbur R. Franks Wilbur Rounding Franks, OBE (4 March 1901 – 4 January 1986) was a Canadian scientist, notable as the inventor of the ''anti-gravity suit'' or G-suit, and for his work in cancer research. Career He was born in Weston, Ontario and was a me ...

in 1941. *

Defendo Defendo is a Canadian martial art and a self defence system created in 1945 for Law enforcement agency, law enforcement structures by Bill Underwood. Underwood had created Combato in 1910, a "non-boxing or wrestling" unarmed combat system which ...

— a Canadian martial art * Gunstock war club *The first widely used military

gas mask A gas mask is a mask used to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. Most gas mask ...

was introduced by Cluny MacPherson in 1915. * Sonar — invented by Reginald Fessenden. * Stealth Snowmobile — in 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces announced the development by Canadian-based company CrossChasm Technologie

https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/canadian-government-developing-stealth-snowmobile/story?id=20002993] * Tomahawk — traditional Canadian war instrument created by the Algonquian people * Toggling harpoon * Kakivak * Ulu

Domestic life & Fashion

* Alkaline battery — invented by Lewis Urry in 1954. * Bi-pin connector — invented by Reginald Fessenden in 1893. * Caesar (cocktail) — introduced in Calgary in 1969. * Ceinture fléchée — one of many pieces of Canadian clothing listed. *

Capote (garment) A capote () or capot () is a long wrap-style wool coat with a hood. From the early days of the North American fur trade, both indigenous peoples and European Canadian settlers fashioned wool blankets into "capotes" as a means of coping with ha ...

— worn by the inhabitants of New France to protect from the harsh winters. * Easy-Off — an oven cleaner invented by Herbert McCool in Regina in 1932. * Egg carton — invented by Joseph Coyle of Smithers, British Columbia, in 1911. * Electric cooking range — invented by Thomas Ahearn in 1882. * Garbage bag — invented by

Harry Wasylyk Harry Wasylyk Sr. (November 1904 - Sept, 1995) was a Canadian inventor from Winnipeg, Manitoba, who together with Larry Hansen of Lindsay, Ontario, invented the disposable polyethylene garbage bag in 1950. Garbage bags were first intended for comme ...

in 1950. * Green ink — invented by American Thomas Sterry Hunt in 1862 while teaching at Université Laval; used for various U.S. banknotes. * Incandescent light bulb — invented in 1874 by Henry Woodward, who sold the patent to Thomas Edison. *Jolly Jumper — a

baby jumper A baby jumper is a device that can be used by infants to exercise and play in. The original baby jumper consists of a hoop suspended by an elastic strap. More elaborate baby jumpers have a base made of hard plastic sitting in a frame and a suspended ...

invented by

Olivia Poole Susan Olivia Poole (1889–1975) was an Indigenous Canadian inventor. She invented the Jolly Jumper, a baby jumper, in 1910, but it was not until 1948 that they were produced for the retail market. They are manufactured in Ontario, Canada. By 19 ...

in 1959. * Lawn sprinkler — invented by Elijah McCoy. * LongPen — invented by

Margaret Atwood Margaret Eleanor Atwood (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, teacher, environmental activist, and inventor. Since 1961, she has published 18 books of poetry, 18 novels, 11 books of non-fiction, nin ...

. * Plexiglas — made practical by William Chalmers' invention for creating

methyl methacrylate Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA ...

, while a graduate student at McGill University in 1931. * Wonderbra Model 1300 (aka Dream Lift) — the modern plunged-style push-up bra, designed by Louise Poirier in 1964. Though the term ''Wonder-Bra'' was coined by an American named Israel Pilot in 1935, the brand itself was popularized by Canadian Moses Nadler, who licensed (and later won) the Wonderbra patent from Pilot. Nadler made his first Wonderbra in 1939 at his Montreal-based Canadian Lady Corset Company, and directed Poirier, his employee, to design the Model 1300 bra. * Snow goggles — used by Inuit to prevent snow blindness in the Arctic and were made typically from ivory, bone or other materials. *

Igloo An igloo (Inuit languages: , Inuktitut syllabics (plural: )), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of suitable snow. Although igloos are often associated with all Inuit, they were traditionally used only b ...

s — a type of shelter from the artic * The first coloured coins used in circulation * Snowshoes — perfected by First Nations to traverse through deep snow more effectively. * Parka — invented by inuit aborignials in the artic to protect the wearer from the col

* Kerosene — Discoverd in the 1840s by Abraham Gesne

Science and medicine

* A process for producing calcium carbide for

Acetylene Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure ...

was invented by Thomas Willson in 1892. * Artificial cardiac pacemaker — invented by John A. Hopps in 1950/1951. *A process to extract Bromine was invented by Herbert Henry Dow in 1890. * CPR mannequin — invented by Dianne Croteau in 1989. * Ebola vaccine — discovered by researchers at the federal Public Health Agency of Canada in 2014. * The first practical electron microscope was built by James Hillier and Arthur Prebus in 1939. * Explosives vapour detector EVD-1 — invented by Dr.

Lorne Elias Lorne Elias is a Canadian chemist, inventor, and a pioneer in explosives detection technology. He invented the explosives vapour detector, EVD-1, a portable bomb detection instrument deployed at international airports in Canada in the 1980s. He c ...

in 1985. * Finite element method, a method for numerically solving differential equations, invented by Alexander Hrennikoff * Forensic pathology in policing — introduced by Dr. Frances McGill (1877–1959). *

Insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...

— The process for extracting medicinal insulin was invented by Frederick Banting, Charles Best, and James Collip (1922). *

Medium 199 Medium may refer to: Science and technology Aviation *Medium bomber, a class of war plane * Tecma Medium, a French hang glider design Communication * Media (communication), tools used to store and deliver information or data * Medium of ...

— the world's first purely synthetic nutrient medium for growing cells, discovered in 1945 by Dr. Raymond Parker of Connaught Laboratories at the University of Toronto. Dr. Parker's achievement had a key role in the discovery of the polio vaccine. * Montreal Procedure — a treatment for severe epilepsy invented by Wilder Penfield in 1930, allowing patients to remain awake and describe their reactions while the surgeon stimulates different areas of the brain. *NeisVac‑C — a conjugate vaccine developed in 1982 by Harold Jennings and his Ottawa-based team for immunizing against Group C meningococcal meningitis. * Oil Red O — a forensic technique discovered by Alexandre Beaudoin in 2004. * Palm n’ Turn —

child-proof container Child-resistant packaging or CR packaging is special packaging used to reduce the risk of children ingesting hazardous materials. This is often accomplished by the use of a special safety cap. It is required by regulation for prescription drugs, o ...

technology developed by Dr.

Henri Breault Henri J. Breault (4 March 1909 – 9 October 1983) was a Canadian medical doctor and medical researcher who was instrumental in the creation of the first child-proof container. Born in Tecumseh, Ontario, Breault graduated from the University of ...

in 1967. * Radon * Synthetic sucrose — invented by Dr.

Raymond Lemieux Raymond Urgel Lemieux, Order of Canada, CC, Alberta Order of Excellence, AOE, Royal Society, FRS (June 16, 1920 – July 22, 2000) was a Canadians, Canadian organic chemist, who pioneered many discoveries in the field of chemistry, his first and ...

in 1953. * Weevac 6 — a stretcher for babies invented by Wendy Murphy in 1985.

Sport, music, and entertainment

Abdominizer The Abdominizer (often spelled Abdomenizer) was an abdominal exerciser invented in 1984 by Canadian chiropractor Dennis Colonello and marketed through infomercials abdominal exercise Abdominal exercises are a type of strength exercise that affect the abdominal muscles (colloquially known as the stomach muscles or "abs"). Human abdominal consist of four muscles which are the rectus abdomens, internal oblique, external oblique, a ...

r invented by Dennis Colonello in 1984. * Basketball — invented by James Naismith in 1891. * Birchbark biting (art) * Baseball — The first ever recorded baseball type game in Canada was played in Beachville, Upper Canada on June 4, 183

* Contrabass buglebr>
* Crokinole — invented by Eckhardt Wettlaufer in 187

* DigiSync — a barcode reader used in motion picture production that was invented by Mike Lazaridis; it won an

Emmy The Emmy Awards, or Emmys, are an extensive range of awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international television industry. A number of annual Emmy Award ceremonies are held throughout the calendar year, each with the ...

in 1994 and

Academy Award for Technical Achievement The Technical Achievement Award is one of three Scientific and Technical Awards given from time to time by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. (The other two awards are the Scientific and Engineering Award and the Academy Award of Me ...

in 1998. * Electronic sackbut — invented by Hugh Le Caine in 1945 as a precursor to voltage-controlled synthesizers. * Five-pin bowling — invented by

Thomas F. Ryan Thomas F. Ryan (1872 – November 19, 1961) was a Canadian sportsman and entrepreneur who created five-pin bowling. Born in Guelph, Ontario, Ryan moved to Toronto at age 18. He is said to have been a baseball pitcher good enough for a professi ...

in Toronto in 1909. * Goalie mask — invented by Jacques Plante in 1959. *

Haida Art Northwest Coast art is the term commonly applied to a style of art created primarily by artists from Tlingit, Haida, Heiltsuk, Nuxalk, Tsimshian, Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth and other First Nations and Native American tribes of the Northwest ...

— art originally created by aboriginals on the northwest coast of Canada * Ice hockey — invented in 19th-century Canada *Ice wars — hockey boxing matches * Instant replay — invented for CBC's '' Hockey Night in Canada'' in 1955. * Jockstrap hard cup — added to the existing jockstrap undergarment by Guelph Elastic Hosiery in 1927. * Lacrosse — codified by William George Beers around 1860. * Pitchnut — flicking game from Canada * Ringette — invented by

Sam Jacks Sam, SAM or variants may refer to: Places * Sam, Benin * Sam, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso * Sam, Bourzanga, Burkina Faso * Sam, Kongoussi, Burkina Faso * Sam, Iran * Sam, Teton County, Idaho, United States, a populated place People and fictional ...

and Mirl "Red" McCarthy in 1963. * Robb Wave Organ — world's first electric organ, invented and patented by

Morse Robb Frank Morse Robb (January 28, 1902 – October 5, 1992) was a Canadian inventor and entrepreneur who resided in Belleville, Ontario. He is best known for his invention of the first electronic tone wheel organ, the Robb Wave Organ,Brown, J. J ...

in 1928. *

Superman Superman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, and debuted in the comic book ''Action Comics'' #1 (cover-dated June 1938 and publi ...

— co-created by Canadian cartoonist Joe Shuster in 1932.
Snocross
* Six String Nation * Table hockey game — invented by Donald Munro (1930s). * Trivial Pursuit — invented by Chris Haney and Scott Abbott in 1979. * Tautirut — comes from the inuit culture in the north o
Canada
* Television Camera — F.C.P. Henroteau in 1934 * Qilaut — originates from the artic and the inui
culture

Tools and manufacturing

* Automatic Lubricating Cup — invented by Elijah McCoy in 1872. * Caulking gun — invented by Theodore Witte in 1894. * Collerette ladder for

firefighting Firefighting is the act of extinguishing or preventing the spread of unwanted fires from threatening human lives and destroying property and the environment. A person who engages in firefighting is known as a firefighter. Firefighters typically ...

— invented by Montréal firefighter Rodrigue Colleret and demonstrated in London in 1896. *A process for distilling Kerosene was invented by Abraham Gesner and made the fuel popular. * Paint roller — invented by Norman James Breakey of Toronto in 1940. * Robertson screw — invented by Peter L. Robertson in 1908. *

Rotary vane pump A rotary vane pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity. In some cases these vanes can have variable length and/or be tensioned to maintain contact with the walls as the pump rotates ...

— invented by Charles Barnes and patented in 1874.

Transportation and mobility

* Air-conditioned railway coach — invented by

Henry Ruttan Henry Ruttan (June 12, 1792 – July 31, 1871) was a businessman, inventor and politician figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Adolphustown in 1792 to William Ruttan and Margaret Steele. The Ruttans were United Empire Loyalists from New Yo ...

in 1858. * BIXI — a public bicycle sharing system launched in Montreal in 2009. *

Brunton compass A Brunton compass, properly known as the Brunton Pocket Transit, is a precision compass made by Brunton, Inc. of Riverton, Wyoming. The instrument was patented in 1894 by Canadian-born geologist David W. Brunton. Unlike most modern compasses, t ...

— patented by David W. Brunton in 1894. * Canadarm — developed by staff of the SPAR Aerospace (1981). * Crash position indicator — invented by personnel of the National Research Council in the 1950s. * Compound steam engine for marine use — invented by Benjamin Franklin Tibbetts in 1842. * Canadian Canoe

* Electric car heater — invented by Thomas Ahearn in 1890. * Electric wheelchair — invented by George Klein in 1952 for World War II veterans. * Electrically controlled

variable-pitch propeller Variable-pitch propeller can refer to: *Variable-pitch propeller (marine) *Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics) In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long a ...

— invented by Wallace Rupert Turnbull and tested at CFB Borden (1927). *

Hydrofoil A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. They are similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by aeroplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a hydrofoil craft gains sp ...

boat — invented by

and

Casey Baldwin Frederick Walker Baldwin (January 2, 1882 – August 7, 1948), also known as Casey Baldwin, paternal grandson of Canadian reform leader Robert Baldwin, was a hydrofoil and aviation pioneer and partner of the famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell. ...

in 1908. *JACO — a robotic arm for wheelchair invented by Charles Deguire and Louis-Joseph Caron L'Écuyer from the Canadian technology company Kinova. *The first commercial jetliner to fly in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

— designed by

James C. Floyd James Charles Floyd (born 20 October 1914) is a British-Canadian retired aeronautical engineer. He became the Avro Aircraft Ltd. (Canada) chief design engineer and his involvement, ultimately as vice-president (engineering), in the design and d ...

, the term ''jetliner'' being derived from his Avro Jetliner (1949). *Nodwell 110, a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle - invented by

Bruce Nodwell Bruce Nodwell, (May 12, 1914 – January 20, 2006) was a Canadian inventor who invented the ''Nodwell 110'', a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of adverse terrain, including sand, mud, muskeg, swamp, and ...

* Overhead power connection for electric streetcars — invented by John Joseph Wright (1883). * Parclo (partial cloverleaf) interchange — developed by planners at the

Ontario Department of Highways The Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is the provincial ministry of the Government of Ontario that is responsible for transport infrastructure and related law in Ontario. The ministry traces its roots back over a century to the 1890s, when the pro ...

() * Quasiturbine — invented in 1996. * Road lines — invented by John D. Millar, an engineer for the Ontario Department of Transport. The world's first road lines were subsequently painted on a stretch of highway between Ontario and Quebec in 1930. *

Screw-propeller A propeller (colloquially often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust up ...

— invented by John Patch in 1833. * Separable baggage check — invented by John Michael Lyons in 1882. * Snowmobile — invented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier (1937). * TM4 MФTIVE — a lightweight magnet electric motor invented by Pierre Couture in 1982. * Uno dicycle — invented by

Ben Gulak Ben Gulak (born 1989) is a Ukrainian Canadian inventor best known for creating the Uno, an eco-friendly, electric-powered vehicle that bears a resemblance to a motorized unicycle. The vehicle had its first public unveiling in 2008, and was awa ...

while still a teenager in 2006. * Wheelchair-accessible bus — invented by Walter Harris Callow in 1947.Ottawa Citizen - 23 Aug 1950
Callow's bus had a hydrolic ramp. The following year an accessibility bus with a manual ramp was used in Toronto. * Variable Pitch Aircraft Propeller * ZENN — an electric car

Animal Breeds

Canadian Eskimo Dog The Canadian Eskimo Dog or Canadian Inuit Dog is a breed of working dog from the Arctic. Other names include ''qimmiq''Arctic. * Canadienne cattle * Cymric cat — The Cymric is a muscular, compact, medium-to-large cat that weighs between seven and thirteen pounds and has a strong bone structure. They appear unusually rounded and have a cobby body. *

Canadian Arcott The Canadian Arcott is a breed of domestic sheep native to Canada. The latter half of its name is an acronym for the Animal Research Centre in Ottawa, where it was developed along with the Rideau Arcott and the Outaouais Arcott. This breed was a r ...

* Newfoundland dog — An unnamed Newfoundland is famous for saving

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

from drowning. * Canadian horse — is a breed of horse that is powerful, well-muscled, and typically dark in colour. *

Chantecler chicken The Chantecler is a breed of chicken originating in Canada. The Chantecler was developed in the early 20th century, at the Abbey of Notre-Dame du Lac in Oka, Quebec. It is extremely cold-resistant, and is suitable for both egg and meat producti ...

* Hare Indian Dog * Lac La Croix Indian Pony * Landseer dog — canine breed the Landseer was developed in Canada. In continental Europe, a black and white variant of the Newfoundland is acknowledged as a distinct breed. *

Lacombe pig The Lacombe is a breed of domestic pig native to Canada. Named for the Lacombe Research and Development Centre in Lacombe, Alberta, the breed was the first strain of livestock developed in the country. Description The Lacombe is a white, medium ...

— Breed of swine from Alberta
Labrador Retriever
*

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized gundog bred primarily for hunting. It is often referred to as a "toller". It is the smallest of the retrievers, and is often mistaken for a small Golden Retriever. Tollers are intelligent, ...

— a hunting-focused medium-sized gundog breed. * Newfoundland sheep * Red Shaver — a sex-related breed of chicken called the Red Shaver was created in Canada. *

Speckle Park The Speckle Park is a modern Canadian breed of beef cattle. It was developed in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan from 1959, by cross-breeding stock of the British Aberdeen Angus and Shorthorn breeds; the spotted or speckled pattern for wh ...

* Sphynx cat — Cats of the Canadian Sphynx breed are distinguished by their lack of fur. * St. John's water dog * Tahltan Bear Dog * Tonkinese cat — Tonkinese cats are intelligent, loud, lively, and typically people-oriented.

Holidays & Events

Canada Day Canada Day (french: Fête du Canada), formerly known as Dominion Day (french: Fête du Dominion), is the national day of Canada. A federal statutory holiday, it celebrates the anniversary of Canadian Confederation which occurred on July 1, 18 ...

* Thanksgiving — First celebrated in 1578 in

Nunavut Nunavut ( , ; iu, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ , ; ) is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' ...

br>
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thanksgiving-day] * wiktionary:ramp ceremony, Ramp Ceremony

Occupations

Log driving

References

External links and further reading

*
Top 100 Inventions Made in Canada
" ''ThoughtCo''. * Roy Mayer, ''Inventing Canada: 100 Years of Innovation''. {{Canada topics Canadian Inventions and discoveries