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Pre-1600

* 193 – The distinguished soldier
Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus (; ; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna (present-day Al-Khums, Libya) in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through cursus honorum, the ...
is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position. * 537Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. Despite shortages, he starts raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges but is forced into a stalemate. * 1241Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies. * 1288Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam. * 1388 – Despite being outnumbered 16:1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels. * 1454 – The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years.


1601–1900

* 1609Eighty Years' War:
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
and the
Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...
sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce. * 1609 – Philip III of Spain issues the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos". * 1682Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana. * 1784 – The Treaty of Paris, ratified by the
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, ...
on January 14, 1784, is ratified by King George III of the
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the Kingd ...
, ending the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...
. Copies of the ratified documents are exchanged on May 12, 1784. * 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the first known recording of an audible human voice. * 1865
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the war.


1901–present

* 1909 – The U.S. Congress passes the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act. * 1917
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
: The Battle of Arras: The battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge. * 1918 – World War I: The Battle of the Lys: The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of
Flanders Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...
. * 1937 – The '' Kamikaze'' arrives at Croydon Airport in London. It is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe. * 1939 – African-American singer Marian Anderson gives a concert at the Lincoln Memorial after being denied the use of Constitution Hall by the Daughters of the American Revolution. * 1940
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: Operation Weserübung:
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
invades
Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...
and
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...
. * 1940 – Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norway. * 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bataan ends and the Bataan Death March begins. *1942 – World War II: An Indian Ocean raid by Japan's 1st Air Fleet sinks the British aircraft carrier and the Australian destroyer . * 1945Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran pastor and anti-Nazi dissident, is executed by the Nazi regime. * 1945 – World War II: The German heavy cruiser ''Admiral Scheer'' is sunk by the
Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the Air force, air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. It was formed towards the end of the World War I, First World War on 1 April 1918, on the merger of t ...
. * 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends. * 1945 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed. *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– About 500 postal workers in Tel Aviv and Jaffa went on strike. * 1947 – The Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas,
Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...
, and
Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...
. * 1947 – The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the
United States Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...
's
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel. * 1947 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 22 relating to Corfu Channel incident is adopted. * 1948Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in
Bogotá Bogotá (, also , , ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (; ) during the Spanish Imperial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital city, capital and largest city ...
(the '' Bogotazo''), and a further ten years of violence in
Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...
. * 1948 – Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist terror groups attacked Deir Yassin near
Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...
, killing over 100 Palestinians. * 1952Hugo Ballivián's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalization of tin mines * 1952 – Japan Air Lines Flight 301 crashes into Mount Mihara, Izu Ōshima, Japan, killing 37. * 1957 – The
Suez Canal The Suez Canal (; , ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, Indo-Mediterranean, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest ...
in
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
is cleared and opens to shipping following the Suez Crisis. * 1959Project Mercury:
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...
announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the " Mercury Seven". * 1960Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid, narrowly survives an assassination attempt by a white farmer, David Pratt in
Johannesburg Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu language, Zulu and Xhosa language, Xhosa: eGoli ) (colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, Jo'burg or "The City of Gold") is the most populous city in South Africa. With 5,538,596 people in the City of Johannesburg alon ...
. * 1967 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight. * 1969 – The first British-built '' Concorde'' 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford with Brian Trubshaw as the test pilot. * 1980 – The
Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...
i regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture. * 1981 – The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine accidentally collides with the ''Nissho Maru'', a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it and killing two Japanese sailors. * 1989Tbilisi massacre: An anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strike in Tbilisi, demanding restoration of Georgian independence, is dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries. * 1990 – An IRA bombing in County Down,
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...
, kills three members of the UDR. * 1990 – The Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement is signed for in the Mackenzie Valley of the western
Arctic The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...
. * 1990 – An Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 over
Gadsden, Alabama Gadsden is the county seat of Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located on the Coosa River about northeast of Birmingham and southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is the primary city of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statist ...
, killing both of the Cessna's occupants. * 1991Georgia declares independence from the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
. * 1992 – A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison. * 1994Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' is launched on STS-59. * 2003Iraq War: Baghdad falls to American forces. *
2009 2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Joha ...
– In Tbilisi, Georgia, up to 60,000 people protest against the government of Mikheil Saakashvili. *
2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
– Six people and the perpetrator are killed and 17 injured in a mass shooting at a shopping mall in Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands. * 2013 – A 6.1–magnitude earthquake strikes
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
killing 32 people and injuring over 850 people. * 2013 – At least 13 people are killed and another three injured after a man goes on a spree shooting in the Serbian village of Velika Ivanča. * 2014 – A student stabs 20 people at Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville, Pennsylvania. * 2017 – The Palm Sunday church bombings at Coptic churches in Tanta and
Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...
, Egypt, take place. * 2017 – After refusing to give up his seat on an overbooked United Express flight, Dr. David Dao Duy Anh is forcibly dragged off the flight by aviation security officers, leading to major criticism of
United Airlines United Airlines, Inc. is a Major airlines of the United States, major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Chicago, Illinois that operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and six ...
. * 2021Burmese military and security forces commit the Bago massacre, during which at least 82 civilians are killed.


Births


Pre-1600

* 1096Al-Muqtafi, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (died 1160) * 1285Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Emperor Renzong of Yuan (died 1320) * 1458Camilla Battista da Varano, Italian saint (died 1524) * 1498Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (died 1550) * 1586Julius Henry, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (died 1665) * 1597John Davenport, English minister, co-founded the New Haven Colony (died 1670) * 1598Johann Crüger, Sorbian-German composer and theorist (died 1662)


1601–1900

* 1624Henrik Rysensteen, Dutch military engineer (died 1679) * 1627Johann Caspar Kerll, German organist and composer (died 1693) * 1634Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau (died 1696) * 1648Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, French soldier and diplomat (died 1720) * 1649James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire (died 1685) * 1654Samuel Fritz, Czech Jesuit missionary to South America (died 1725?) * 1680Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright (died 1754) * 1686James Craggs the Younger, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (died 1721) * 1691Johann Matthias Gesner, German scholar and academic (died 1761) * 1717Georg Matthias Monn, Austrian organist, composer, and educator (died 1750) * 1770Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist and academic (died 1831) * 1773Étienne Aignan, French author and academic (died 1824) * 1794Theobald Boehm, German flute player and composer (died 1881) * 1794 – Søren Christian Sommerfelt, Norwegian priest and botanist (died 1838) * 1802Elias Lönnrot, Finnish physician and philologist (died 1884) * 1806Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English engineer, designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge (died 1859) * 1807James Bannerman, Scottish theologian and academic (died 1868) * 1821
Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics ...
, French poet and critic (died 1867) * 1830Eadweard Muybridge, English photographer and cinematographer (died 1904) * 1835Leopold II of Belgium (died 1909) * 1835 – Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore (died 1913) * 1846Paolo Tosti, Italian-English composer and educator (died 1916) * 1848Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz, Spanish Augustinian Recollect priest and saint (died 1906) * 1865Erich Ludendorff, German general and politician (died 1937) * 1865 – Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Polish-American mathematician and engineer (died 1923) * 1867Chris Watson, Chilean-Australian journalist and politician, 3rd
Prime Minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister is the chair of the Cabinet of Australia and thus the head of the Australian Government, federal executive government. Under the pr ...
(died 1941) * 1867 – Charles Winckler, Danish tug of war competitor, discus thrower, and shot putter (died 1932) * 1872Léon Blum, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (died 1950) * 1875Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (died 1912) * 1880Jan Letzel, Czech architect (died 1925) * 1882Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1946) * 1882 – Otz Tollen, German actor (died 1965) * 1883Frank King, American cartoonist (died 1969) * 1887Konrad Tom, Polish actor, writer, singer, and director (died 1957) * 1888Sol Hurok, Ukrainian-American talent manager (died 1974) * 1893Charles E. Burchfield, American painter (died 1967) * 1893 –
Victor Gollancz Sir Victor Gollancz (; 9 April 1893 – 8 February 1967) was a British publisher and humanitarian. Gollancz was known as a supporter of left-wing politics. His loyalties shifted between liberalism and communism; he defined himself as a Christian ...
, English publisher, founded Victor Gollancz Ltd (died 1967) * 1893 – Rahul Sankrityayan, Indian linguist, author, and scholar (died 1963) * 1895Mance Lipscomb, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1976) * 1895 – Michel Simon, Swiss-French actor (died 1975) * 1897John B. Gambling, American radio host (died 1974) * 1898Curly Lambeau, American football player and coach (died 1965) * 1898 – Paul Robeson, American singer, actor, and activist (died 1976) * 1900Allen Jenkins, American actor and singer (died 1974)


1901–present

* 1901Jean Bruchési, Canadian historian and author (died 1979) * 1901 – Paul Willis, American actor and director (died 1960) * 1902Théodore Monod, French explorer and scholar (died 2000) * 1903Ward Bond, American actor (died 1960) * 1904Sharkey Bonano, American singer, trumpet player, and bandleader (died 1972) * 1905J. William Fulbright, American lawyer and politician (died 1995) * 1906Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (died 1996) * 1906 – Antal Doráti, Hungarian-American conductor and composer (died 1988) * 1906 – Hugh Gaitskell, British politician and leader of the Labour Party (died 1963) * 1906 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-French painter (died 1997) * 1908Joseph Krumgold, American author and screenwriter (died 1980) * 1908 – Paula Nenette Pepin, French composer, pianist and lyricist (died 1990) * 1909Robert Helpmann, Australian dancer, actor, and choreographer (died 1986) * 1910Abraham A. Ribicoff, American lawyer and politician, 4th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (died 1998) * 1912Lev Kopelev, Ukrainian-German author and academic (died 1997) * 1915Daniel Johnson Sr., Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Premier of Quebec (died 1968) * 1916Julian Dash, American swing music jazz tenor saxophonist (died 1974) * 1916 – Heinz Meyer, German Fallschirmjäger (paratrooper) during World War II (died 1987) * 1916 – Bill Leonard, American journalist (died 1994) * 1917Johannes Bobrowski, German songwriter and poet (died 1965) * 1917 – Ronnie Burgess, Welsh international footballer and manager (died 2005) * 1917 – Brad Dexter, American actor (died 2002) * 1917 – Henry Hewes, American theater writer (died 2006) * 1918Jørn Utzon, Danish architect, designed the
Sydney Opera House The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue Performing arts center, performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Located on the foreshore of Sydney Harbour, it is widely regarded as one of the world's most famous and distinctive b ...
(died 2008) * 1919J. Presper Eckert, American engineer, invented the
ENIAC ENIAC (; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first Computer programming, programmable, Electronics, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. Other computers had some of these features, but ENIAC was ...
(died 1995) * 1921Jean-Marie Balestre, French businessman (died 2008) * 1921 – Yitzhak Navon, Israeli politician (died 2015) * 1921 – Frankie Thomas, American actor (died 2006) * 1921 – Mary Jackson, African-American mathematician and aerospace engineer (died 2005) * 1922Carl Amery, German author and activist (died 2005) * 1923Leonard Levy, American historian and author (died 2006) * 1924Arthur Shaw, English professional footballer (died 2015) * 1925Virginia Gibson, American actress, singer, and dancer (died 2013) * 1925 – Art Kane, American photographer (died 1995) * 1926Gerry Fitt, Northern Irish soldier and politician; British life peer (died 2005) * 1926 – Hugh Hefner, American publisher, founded Playboy Enterprises (died 2017) * 1926 – Harris Wofford, American politician, author, and civil rights activist (died 2019) * 1927Tiny Hill, New Zealand rugby player (died 2019) * 1928Paul Arizin, American basketball player (died 2006) * 1928 – Tom Lehrer, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and mathematician * 1929Sharan Rani Backliwal, Indian sarod player and scholar (died 2008) * 1929 – Fred Hollows, New Zealand-Australian ophthalmologist (died 1993) * 1929 – Paule Marshall, American author and academic (died 2019) * 1930Nathaniel Branden, Canadian-American psychotherapist and author (died 2014) * 1930 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist and academic (died 2007) * 1930 – Jim Fowler, American zoologist and television host (died 2019) * 1930 – Wallace McCain, Canadian businessman, founded McCain Foods (died 2011) * 1931Richard Hatfield, Canadian lawyer and politician, 26th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1991) * 1932Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (died 2006) * 1932 – Peter Moores, English businessman and philanthropist (died 2016) * 1932 – Carl Perkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1998) * 1933Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor and producer (died 2021) * 1933 – René Burri, Swiss photographer and journalist (died 2014) * 1933 – Fern Michaels, American author * 1933 – Richard Rose, American political scientist and academic * 1933 – Gian Maria Volonté, Italian actor (died 1994) * 1934Bill Birch, New Zealand surveyor and politician, 38th New Zealand Minister of Finance * 1934 – Tom Phillis, Australian motorcycle racer (died 1962) * 1934 – Mariya Pisareva, Russian high jumper (died 2023) * 1935Aulis Sallinen, Finnish composer and academic * 1935 – Avery Schreiber, American actor and comedian (died 2002) * 1936Jerzy Maksymiuk, Polish pianist, composer, and conductor *1936 – Drew Shafer, American LGBT rights activist from Missouri (died 1989) * 1936 – Valerie Solanas, American radical feminist author, attempted murderer (died 1988) * 1937Simon Brown, Baron Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood, English lieutenant, lawyer, and judge (died 2023) * 1937 – Marty Krofft, Canadian screenwriter and producer (died 2023) * 1937 – Valerie Singleton, English television and radio host *
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian businessman and politician, 30th Prime Minister of Russia (died 2010) * 1939Michael Learned, American actress * 1939 – Margo Smith, American singer-songwriter (died 2024) * 1940Hans-Joachim Reske, German sprinter * 1940 – Jim Roberts, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (died 2015) * 1941Kay Adams, American singer-songwriter * 1941 – Hannah Gordon, Scottish actress * 1942Brandon deWilde, American actor (died 1972) * 1943Leila Khaled, Palestinian activist * 1943 – Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2004) * 1943 – Clive Sullivan, Welsh rugby league player (died 1985) * 1944Joe Brinkman, American baseball player and umpire * 1944 – Heinz-Joachim Rothenburg, German shot putter * 1945Steve Gadd, American drummer and percussionist *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
Nate Colbert, American baseball player (died 2023) * 1946 – Alan Knott, English cricketer * 1946 – Sara Parkin, Scottish activist and politician * 1946 – David Webb, English footballer, coach, and manager * 1947Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Italian economist and academic (died 2024) * 1948
Jaya Bachchan Jaya Bachchan (''née'' Bhaduri; born 9 April 1948) is an Indian actress and politician. She is regarded as one of the greatest actresses of Hindi cinema. She is serving as member of the parliament in the Rajya Sabha from the Samajwadi Party ...
, Indian actress and politician * 1948 – Tito Gómez, Puerto Rican salsa singer (died 2007) * 1948 – Michel Parizeau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1948 – Patty Pravo, Italian singer *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
Tony Cragg, English sculptor * 1952Robert Clark, American author * 1952 – Bruce Robertson, New Zealand rugby player (died 2023) * 1952 – Tania Tsanaklidou, Greek singer and actress * 1953John Howard, English singer-songwriter and pianist * 1953 – Hal Ketchum, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2020) * 1953 – Stephen Paddock, American mass murderer responsible for the 2017 Las Vegas shooting (died 2017) * 1954Ken Kalfus, American journalist and author * 1954 – Dennis Quaid, American actor * 1954 – Iain Duncan Smith, British soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions * 1955Yamina Benguigui, Algerian-French director and politician * 1955 – Joolz Denby, English poet and author * 1956Miguel Ángel Russo, Argentinian footballer and coach * 1956 – Nigel Shadbolt, English computer scientist and academic * 1956 – Marina Zoueva, Russian ice dancer and coach * 1956 – Nigel Slater, English food writer and author * 1957Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer and architect (died 2011) * 1957 – Martin Margiela, Belgian fashion designer * 1957 – Jamie Redfern, English-born Australian television presenter and pop singer * 1958Nadey Hakim, British-Lebanese surgeon and sculptor * 1958 – Tony Sibson, English boxer * 1959Bernard Jenkin, English businessman and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence * 1960Jaak Aab, Estonian educator and politician, Minister of Social Affairs of Estonia * 1961Mark Kelly, Irish keyboard player * 1961 – Kirk McCaskill, Canadian-American baseball and hockey player * 1962John Eaves, American production designer and illustrator * 1962 – Ihor Podolchak, Ukrainian director, producer, and screenwriter * 1962 – Imran Sherwani, English field hockey player * 1962 – Jeff Turner, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster * 1963Marc Jacobs, American-French fashion designer * 1963 – Joe Scarborough, American journalist, lawyer, and politician * 1964Rob Awalt, German-American football player * 1964 – Juliet Cuthbert, Jamaican sprinter * 1964 – Doug Ducey, American politician and businessman, 23rd Governor of Arizona * 1964 – Peter Penashue, Canadian businessman and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs * 1964 – Margaret Peterson Haddix, American author * 1964 – Rick Tocchet, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach * 1965Helen Alfredsson, Swedish golfer * 1965 – Paulina Porizkova, Czech-born Swedish-American model and actress * 1965 – Jeff Zucker, American businessman * 1965 – Mark Pellegrino, American actor * 1966John Hammond, English weather forecaster * 1966 – Cynthia Nixon, American actress * 1967Natascha Engel, German-English translator and politician * 1967 – Sam Harris, American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist * 1968Jay Chandrasekhar, American actor, comedian, writer and director * 1969Barnaby Kay, English actor * 1969 – Linda Kisabaka, German runner * 1970Chorão, Brazilian singer-songwriter (died 2013) * 1971Peter Canavan, Irish footballer and manager * 1971 – Leo Fortune-West, English footballer and manager * 1971 – Austin Peck, American actor * 1971 – Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver * 1972Bernard Ackah, German-Japanese martial artist and kick-boxer * 1972 – Siiri Vallner, Estonian architect * 1974Megan Connolly, Australian actress (died 2001) * 1974 –
Jenna Jameson Jenna Marie Massoli (born April 9, 1974), known professionally as Jenna Jameson (), is an American businesswoman, writer, television personality, and former pornographic film actress. She has been named the world's most famous adult entertainm ...
, American actress and pornographic performer * 1974 – Alexander Pichushkin, Russian serial killer * 1975Robbie Fowler, English footballer and manager * 1975 – David Gordon Green, American director and screenwriter *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
Kyle Peterson, American baseball player and sportscaster * 1977Gerard Way, American singer-songwriter and comic book writer * 1978Kousei Amano, Japanese actor * 1978 – Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer * 1978 – Rachel Stevens, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
Jeff Reed, American football player * 1979 – Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress * 1980Sarah Ayton, English sailor * 1980 – Luciano Galletti, Argentinian footballer * 1980 – Albert Hammond Jr., American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1981Milan Bartovič, Slovak ice hockey player * 1981 – A. J. Ellis, American baseball player * 1981 – Ireneusz Jeleń, Polish footballer * 1981 – Dennis Sarfate, American baseball player * 1981 – Eric Harris, American mass murderer, responsible for the Columbine High School massacre (died 1999) * 1982Jay Baruchel, Canadian actor * 1982 – Carlos Hernández, Costa Rican footballer * 1982 – Kathleen Munroe, Canadian-American actress * 1983Ryan Clark, Australian actor * 1984Habiba Ghribi, Tunisian runner * 1984 – Adam Loewen, Canadian baseball player * 1984 – Óscar Razo, Mexican footballer * 1985Antonio Nocerino, Italian footballer * 1985 – David Robertson, American baseball player * 1986Mike Hart, American football player * 1986 – Leighton Meester, American actress * 1987Kassim Abdallah, French-Comorian footballer * 1987 – Graham Gano, American football player * 1987 – Craig Mabbitt, American singer * 1987 – Jesse McCartney, American singer-songwriter and actor * 1987 – Jarrod Mullen, Australian rugby league player * 1987 – Jazmine Sullivan, American singer-songwriter * 1988Jeremy Metcalfe, English race car driver * 1989Bianca Belair, American wrestler * 1989 – Danielle Kahle, American figure skater * 1990Kristen Stewart, American actress * 1990 – Ryan Williams, American football player * 1991Gai Assulin, Israeli footballer * 1991 – Ryan Kelly, American basketball player * 1991 – Mary Killman, American synchronized swimmer * 1992Joshua Ledet, American singer * 1992 – Raheem Mostert, American football player * 1993Alexandra Hunt, American politician * 1994Bladee, Swedish rapper and singer * 1994 – Joey Pollari, American actor * 1995Domagoj Bošnjak, Croatian basketball player * 1995 – Robert Bauer, German-Kazakhstani footballer * 1995 – Demi Vermeulen, Dutch Paralympic equestrian * 1996Jayden Brailey, Australian rugby league player * 1996 – Giovani Lo Celso, Argentine footballer * 1997Luis Arráez, Venezuelan baseball player * 1998Elle Fanning, American actress *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
Stanley Nsoki, French footballer * 1999 – Lil Nas X, American rapper * 1999 – Rúben Vinagre, Portuguese footballer * 2000Tiago Djaló, Portuguese footballer *2000 – Jackie Evancho, American singer * 2001Nika Mühl, Croatian basketball player *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
TommyInnit, English YouTuber and streamer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 585 BCJimmu, emperor of Japan (born 711 BC) * 436Tan Daoji, Chinese general and politician *
491 __NOTOC__ Year 491 (Roman numerals, CDXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Olybrius (consul 491), Olybrius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 12 ...
Zeno, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (born 425) *
682 __NOTOC__ Year 682 (Roman numerals, DCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 682 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the preval ...
Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari, Egyptian politician, Governor of Egypt (born 616) * 715Constantine, pope of the Catholic Church (born 664) * 1024Benedict VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (born 980) * 1137William X, duke of Aquitaine (born 1099) * 1241Henry II, High Duke of Poland (born 1196) * 1283Margaret of Scotland, queen of Norway (born 1261) * 1327Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, Scottish nobleman (ca. 1296) * 1483Edward IV, king of England (born 1442) * 1484Edward of Middleheim, prince of Wales (born 1473) * 1550Alqas Mirza, Safavid prince (born 1516) * 1553François Rabelais, French monk and scholar (born 1494) * 1557Mikael Agricola, Finnish priest and scholar (born 1510) * 1561Jean Quintin, French priest, knight and writer (born 1500)


1601–1900

* 1626Francis Bacon, English jurist and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (born 1561) * 1654Matei Basarab, Romanian prince (born 1588) * 1693Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French author (born 1618) * 1747Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish soldier and politician (born 1667) * 1754Christian Wolff, German philosopher and academic (born 1679) * 1761William Law, English priest and theologian (born 1686) * 1768Sarah Fielding, English author (born 1710) * 1804Jacques Necker, Swiss-French politician, Chief Minister to the French Monarch (born 1732) * 1806William V, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic (born 1748) * 1872Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (born 1794) * 1876Charles Goodyear, American lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1804) * 1882Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet and painter (born 1828) * 1889Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist and academic (born 1786)


1901–present

* 1904Isabella II, Spanish queen (born 1830) * 1909Helena Modjeska, Polish-American actress (born 1840) * 1915Raymond Whittindale, English rugby player (born 1883) * 1917James Hope Moulton, English philologist and scholar (born 1863) * 1922Hans Fruhstorfer, German entomologist and explorer (born 1866) * 1926Zip the Pinhead, American freak show performer (born 1857) * 1936Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist and philosopher (born 1855) * 1940Mrs Patrick Campbell, English actress (born 1865) * 1944Yevgeniya Rudneva, Ukrainian lieutenant and pilot (born 1920) * 1945Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German pastor and theologian (born 1906) * 1945 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (born 1887) * 1945 – Johann Georg Elser, German carpenter (born 1903) * 1945 – Hans Oster, German general (born 1887) * 1945 – Karl Sack, German lawyer and jurist (born 1896) * 1945 – Hans von Dohnányi, Austrian-German lawyer and jurist (born 1902) * 1948George Carpenter, Australian 5th General of The Salvation Army (born 1872) * 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian lawyer and politician, 16th Colombian Minister of National Education (born 1903) * 1951Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (born 1862) * 1953Eddie Cochems, American football player and coach (born 1877) * 1953 – C. E. M. Joad, English philosopher and television host (born 1891) * 1953 – Hans Reichenbach, German philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1891) * 1959Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, designed the Price Tower and Fallingwater (born 1867) * 1961Zog I of Albania (born 1895) * 1963Eddie Edwards, American trombonist (born 1891) * 1963 – Xul Solar, Argentinian painter and sculptor (born 1887) * 1970Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish-American illustrator and animator (born 1896) *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
Dagmar Nordstrom, American singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1903) * 1976 – Phil Ochs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1940) * 1976 – Renato Petronio, Italian rower (born 1891) * 1978Clough Williams-Ellis, English-Welsh architect, designed Portmeirion (born 1883) * 1980Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Iraqi cleric and philosopher (born 1935) * 1982Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1896) * 1988Brook Benton, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1931) * 1988 – Hans Berndt, German footballer (born 1913) * 1988 – Dave Prater, American singer (born 1937) * 1991Forrest Towns, American hurdler and coach (born 1914) * 1993Joseph B. Soloveitchik, American rabbi and philosopher (born 1903) * 1996
Richard Condon Richard Thomas Condon (March 18, 1915 – April 9, 1996) was an American political novelist. Though his works were satire, they were generally transformed into thrillers or semi-thrillers in other media, such as cinema. All 26 books were writte ...
, American author and publicist (born 1915) * 1997Mae Boren Axton, American singer-songwriter (born 1914) * 1997 – Helene Hanff, American author and screenwriter (born 1916) * 1998Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (born 1953) *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara,
Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east ...
ien general and politician, President of Niger (born 1949) * 2000Tony Cliff, Trotskyist activist and founder of the Socialist Workers Party (born 1917) * 2001Willie Stargell, American baseball player and coach (born 1940) * 2002Pat Flaherty, American race car driver (born 1926) * 2002 – Leopold Vietoris, Austrian soldier, mathematician, and academic (born 1891) * 2003Jerry Bittle, American cartoonist (born 1949) * 2006Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, manager (born 1916) * 2006 – Vilgot Sjöman, Swedish director and screenwriter (born 1924) * 2007Egon Bondy, Czech philosopher and poet (born 1930) * 2007 – Dorrit Hoffleit, American astronomer and academic (born 1907) *
2009 2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Joha ...
Nick Adenhart, American baseball player (born 1986) * 2010Zoltán Varga, Hungarian footballer and manager (born 1945) *
2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri, Bahraini journalist (born 1971) * 2011 – Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1924) * 2012Malcolm Thomas, Welsh rugby player and cricketer (born 1929) * 2012 – Boris Parygin, Soviet philosopher, psychologist, and author (born 1930) * 2013David Hayes, American sculptor and painter (born 1931) * 2013 – Greg McCrary, American football player (born 1952) * 2013 – Mordechai Mishani, Israeli lawyer and politician (born 1945) * 2013 – McCandlish Phillips, American journalist and author (born 1927) * 2013 – Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect, designed the Cosanti (born 1919) * 2014 – Gil Askey, American trumpet player, composer, and producer (born 1925) * 2014 – Chris Banks (American football), Chris Banks, American football player (born 1973) * 2014 – Rory Ellinger, American lawyer and politician (born 1941) * 2014 – Norman Girvan, Jamaican economist, academic, and politician (born 1941) * 2014 – Aelay Narendra, Indian politician (born 1946) * 2014 – A. N. R. Robinson, Trinbagonian politician, 3rd President of Trinidad and Tobago (born 1926) * 2014 – Svetlana Velmar-Janković, Serbian author (born 1933) *2015 – Paul Almond, Canadian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1931) * 2015 – Margaret Rule, British marine archaeologist (born 1928) * 2015 – Nina Companeez, French director and screenwriter (born 1937) * 2015 – Alexander Dalgarno, English physicist and academic (born 1928) * 2015 – Ivan Doig, American journalist and author (born 1939) * 2015 – Tsien Tsuen-hsuin, Chinese-American academic (born 1909) *2016 – Duane Clarridge, American spy (born 1932) * 2016 – Will Smith (defensive end), Will Smith, American football player (born 1981) * 2017 – John Clarke (satirist), John Clarke, New Zealand-Australian comedian, writer, and satirist (born 1948) *2019 – Charles Van Doren, American writer and editor (born 1926) * 2021 – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born 1921) * 2021 – DMX, American rapper and actor (born 1970) * 2021 – Nikki Grahame, British reality-TV icon (born 1982) * 2021 – Ian Gibson (politician), Ian Gibson, British scientist and Labour Party politician (born 1938) * 2021 – Ramsey Clark, American lawyer (born 1927) *2022 – Dwayne Haskins, American football player (born 1997) *2023 – Karl Berger, German-American jazz pianist (born 1935) *2025 – Ray Shero, American ice hockey player and executive (born 1962)


Holidays and observances

*Christian feast day: ** Dietrich Bonhoeffer (Calendar of saints (Church of England), Anglicanism, Calendar of Saints (Lutheran), Lutheranism) **Gaucherius **Saint Materiana, Materiana **Waltrude **April 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Baghdad Liberation Day (Iraqi Kurdistan) *Constitution Day (Kosovo) *Day of National Unity (Georgia) *Day of the Finnish Language (Finland) *Day of Valor or ''Araw ng Kagitingan'' (Philippines) *Feast of the Second Day of the Writing of the Book of the Law (Thelema) *Martyr's Day (Tunisia) *National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day (United States) *Remembrance for Haakon Sigurdsson (The Troth) *Vimy Ridge Day (Canada) *Central Reserve Police Force, Valour Day (CRPF)


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on April 9
{{months Days of April