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1946 Palestine General Strike
The 1946 Palestine general strike was a general strike in Mandatory Palestine, then under British rule, in April 1946. Strike On 9 April 1946, 500 postal workers in Tel Aviv and Jaffa walked out on strike. The striking workers were joined by other post workers elsewhere in Palestine the next day, and later that week, by railway workers, the first general rail-post strike in the history of Mandatory Palestine. Other civil servants in Palestine would also join the strike, bringing total participation to 23 000 workers. The colonial officials attempted to use soldiers to replace the striking workers. Chief Secretary of the Mandate John Valentine Wistar Shaw met with the strike leaders for the first time on 18 April. The strike ended on 24 April, with an agreement to raise wages for junior employees and a war bonus being issued to the workers. Reactions The strike was widely supported by communists in Mandatory Palestine. The Kol HaAm and Al-Ittihad newspapers both published arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Strike
A general strike is a strike action in which participants cease all economic activity, such as working, to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. They are organised by large coalitions of political, social, and labour organizations and may also include rallies, marches, boycotts, civil disobedience, non-payment of taxes, and other forms of direct or indirect action. Additionally, general strikes might exclude care workers, such as teachers, doctors, and nurses. Historically, the term general strike has referred primarily to solidarity action, which is a multi-sector strike that is organised by trade unions who strike together in order to force pressure on employers to begin negotiations or offer more favourable terms to the strikers; though not all strikers may have a material interest in each other's negotiations, they all have a material interest in maintaining and strengthening the collective efficacy of strikes as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine was a British Empire, British geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the Palestine (region), region of Palestine, and after 1922, under the terms of the League of Nations's Mandate for Palestine. After an Arab Revolt, Arab uprising against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War in 1916, British Empire, British Egyptian Expeditionary Force, forces drove Ottoman Empire, Ottoman forces out of the Levant. The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence in case of a revolt but, in the end, the United Kingdom and French Third Republic, France divided what had been Ottoman Syria under the Sykes–Picot Agreement—an act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Another issue was the Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which Britain promised its support for the establishment of a Homeland for the Jewish people, Jewish "national home" in Palestine. Mandatory Palestine was then establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Valentine Wistar Shaw
Sir John Valentine Wistar Shaw (14 February 1894 – 24 December 1982) was a British colonial administrator. Born in Derby on 14 February 1894, Shaw was educated at Repton School, and in the First World War did military service from 1914 to 1919. He then joined the Colonial Administrative Service. Appointments Source: Gold Coast * Assistant District Commissioner, 1921–1925 * District Commissioner, 1925–1928 * Assistant Secretary, 1928–1935 Palestine * Assistant Secretary, 1935–1938 * Senior Assistant Secretary, 1938–1939 * Departmental Chief Secretary, 1939–1940 Cyprus * Colonial Secretary 1940–1943 Palestine * Chief Secretary 1943 Palestine and Cyprus * Acting Governor, Cyprus and Acting High Commissioner for Palestine for several periods, 1940–1946. Trinidad (Nowaday Trinidad and Tobago) * Governor and Commander-in-Chief, 1947–1950 Death Shaw died on 24 December 1982 in Hastings, Sussex. Honours and legacy Shaw was awarded the CMG in 1942, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kol HaAm
''Kol HaAm'' () was a Hebrew-language newspaper in Mandatory Palestine and Israel. It was initially published by the Palestine Communist Party and later by its successor, the Maki (historical political party), Israeli Communist Party. History Established in 1937, the paper appointed Communist Party member Esther Vilenska editor in 1943, and chief editor in 1947. Vilenska's second husband, Zvi Breidstein, was also an editor of the paper. In 1953 ''Kol HaAm'' and its Arabic-language sister newspaper Al-Ittihad (Israeli newspaper), Al-Ittihad published a controversial article on the Korean War, which resulted in the Internal Affairs Minister of Israel, Minister of Internal Affairs Israel Rokach, ordering the paper to close for 15 days. The papers filed a petition to the Supreme Court of Israel, Supreme Court, which ruled that the suspension had been wrongly issued and should be set aside.Schmidt, Y (2008''Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territorie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Ittihad (Israeli Newspaper)
''Al-Ittihad'' () is an Arabic language daily newspaper in Israel. Based in Haifa, it was established in 1944 and is owned by the communist Maki party. It is the oldest Arabic media outlet in Israel and considered the most important. The newspaper is currently edited by Aida Touma-Suleiman. History The paper was established in 1944 by Emile Toma, Fu'ad Nassar and Emile Habibi."The rocket hit the struggle for peace" 'Haaretz'', 8 August 2006. Its first edition was published on 14 May that year. Habibi edited the paper until 1989. The newspaper functioned as an organ for the National Liberation Leag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944)
The Revolutionary Communist Party was a British Trotskyist group, formed in 1944 and active until 1949, which published the newspaper ''Socialist Appeal'' and a theoretical journal, ''Workers International News''. The party was the ancestor of the three main currents of British Trotskyism: Gerry Healy's Workers Revolutionary Party, Ted Grant's Militant and Tony Cliff's Socialist Workers Party. History During the Second World War, there were two rival Trotskyist parties in Britain: the Revolutionary Socialist League (RSL) with around 70 members, and the Workers International League (WIL) with around 400 members. At the instigation of the International Secretariat of the Fourth International (ISFI), the two groups met during the early 1940s, fusing into a single party in March 1944. The WIL had taken a position similar to the Proletarian Military Policy adopted by the Fourth International (and its large US member, the Socialist Workers Party) on issues to do with war, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trotskyist
Trotskyism (, ) is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Russian revolutionary and intellectual Leon Trotsky along with some other members of the Left Opposition and the Fourth International. Trotsky described himself as an orthodox Marxist, a Revolutionary socialism, revolutionary Marxist, and a Bolshevik–Leninist as well as a follower of Karl Marx, Frederick Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Liebknecht, and Rosa Luxemburg. His relations with Lenin have been a source of intense historical debate. However, on balance, scholarly opinion among a range of prominent historians and political scientists such as E.H. Carr, Isaac Deutscher, Moshe Lewin, Ronald Suny, Richard B. Day and W. Bruce Lincoln was that Lenin’s desired “heir” would have been a collective leadership, collective responsibility in which Trotsky was placed in "an important role and within which Joseph Stalin, Stalin would be dramatically demoted (if not removed)". Trotsky advocated for a decen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tony Cliff
Tony Cliff (born Yigael Glückstein, ; 20 May 1917 – 9 April 2000) was a Trotskyist activist. Born to a Jewish family in Ottoman Palestine, he moved to Britain in 1947 and by the end of the 1950s had assumed the pen name of Tony Cliff. A founding member of the Socialist Review Group, which became the International Socialists and then the Socialist Workers Party, in 1977. Cliff was effectively the leader of all three. Biography Early life in Palestine Tony Cliff was born Yigael Glückstein in Zikhron Ya'akov in the Ottoman Empire's Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (in what is now Israel), in 1917, the same year Britain seized control of the territory from the Ottoman Empire during World War I. He was one of four children born to Akiva and Esther Glückstein, Jewish immigrants from Poland, who had come to Palestine as part of the Second Aliyah. His father was an engineer and contractor. He had two brothers and a sister; his brother Chaim later became a notable journalist, theat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Association Of Railway Employees
The International Association of Railway Employees (IARE) was a union for black railroad workers formed in 1934 at a time when the major railroad brotherhoods restricted membership to whites. Members included conductors, trainmen, engineers, shop mechanics, porters and maintenance-of-way employees. It joined the United Transportation Union in 1970. Origins Thomas Redd, a brakeman on the Illinois Central Railroad who had been born soon after the American Civil War ended in 1865, was the prime mover in forming the association. The Association of Colored Railway Trainmen and Locomotive Firemen (ACRT) was founded in 1912, and in 1920 Redd became chairman of its grievance committee. By the late 1920s he was president of its Louisville, Kentucky, chapter. However, he was unable to obtain recognition from the Illinois Central, which would only talk to him as an individual. During the Great Depression of the 1930s black workers faced high unemployment and efforts, sometimes violent, by wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Federation Of Trade Unions
The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade union, trade unions established on October 3, 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation of Trade Unions as a single structure for trade unions world-wide, following the World Trade Union Conference#Committee, World Trade Union Conference in London, United Kingdom. With the emergence of the Cold War in the late 1940s, the WFTU splintered, with most trade unions from the Western bloc, Western-aligned countries leaving and creating the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) in 1949. Throughout the Cold War, membership of the WFTU was made up predominantly of trade unions from the Eastern Bloc, Soviet-aligned and Non-Aligned Movement, non-aligned countries. However, there were notable exceptions to this, such as the Yugoslav and Chinese unions, which departed following the Tito–Stalin s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judah Leon Magnes
Judah Leon Magnes (; July 5, 1877 – October 27, 1948) was a prominent Reform rabbi in both the United States of America and Mandatory Palestine. He is best remembered as a leader in the pacifist movement of the World War I period, his advocacy of a binational Jewish-Arab state in Palestine, and as one of the most widely recognized voices of 20th century American Reform Judaism. Magnes served as the first chancellor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1925), and later as its president (1935–1948). Biography Magnes was born in San Francisco to David and Sophie (Abrahamson) who named him Julian. He changed his name to Judah as a young man. Who's Who in America. vol. 17. 1932–1933. As a young boy, Magnes's family moved to Oakland, California, where he attended Sabbath school at First Hebrew Congregation, and was taught by Ray Frank, the first Jewish woman to preach formally from a pulpit in the United States.Rosenbaum (1987), p. 21. Magnes's views of the Jewish people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Grigg, 1st Baron Altrincham
Edward William Macleay Grigg, 1st Baron Altrincham, (8 September 1879 – 1 December 1955) was a British colonial administrator and politician. Early life Grigg was the son of Henry Bidewell Grigg, CIE, a member of the Indian Civil Service, sometime Political Resident of Travancore, and Elizabeth Louisa, ''née'' Thomson, whose parents were the Australian politician and administrator Sir Edward Deas Thomson and his wife, Anna Maria, daughter of General Sir Richard Bourke, Governor of New South Wales from 1831 to 1837. Born in Madras, he was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford, where he won the Gaisford Prize for Greek verse in 1902. Upon graduation, he embarked on a career in journalism. He joined ''The Times'' in 1903 as secretary to the editor, George Earle Buckle, then moved to '' The Outlook'' in 1905, where he worked as assistant editor under James Louis Garvin. Grigg returned to ''The Times'' in 1906, where he was the head of the colonial department ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
