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Shallot Latent Virus
Shallot latent virus (SLV), a species of ''Carlavirus'', was first identified in shallots in Netherlands. The virus particle is elongated, 650 nm in length. Epidemiology Since its first detection in shallots, SLV has been found infecting garlic, onion, and leek on five continents. In Indonesia, the virus has been identified in shallot, which is widely grown and used as a food ingredient, and also in garlic. In Turkey, where shallot is less commonly cultivated, SLV was identified in onion in Amasya province instead. However, SLV was not detected in onion samples collected in Ankara province. Molecular study also detected SLV in other '' Allium ''species such as '' Allium cyathophorum'', ''Allium moly'', ''Allium scorodoprasum'', and '' Allium senescens'' subsp. montanum. The virus is widespread in shallot and garlic without causing any clear symptoms, hence its name 'latent'. However, in mixed infection with leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV, ''Potyvirus'') induces severe chl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlavirus
''Carlavirus'', formerly known as the "Carnation latent virus group", is a genus of viruses in the order ''Tymovirales'', in the family ''Betaflexiviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 74 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms. Description ''Carlavirus'' is described in the 9th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, ICTV (2009). The genus is characterised by having six ORFs (open reading frames) including a TGB (Triple Gene Block). The viruses are transmitted by insects. Taxonomy The genus was first proposed in the first report of the ICTV in 1971, as the 'Carnation latent virus group' but was renamed in 1975 as the 'Carlavirus group', and as the genus ''Carlavirus'' in 1995 (6th report). In 2005 (8th report) it was placed in the ''Flexiviridae'' family, having previously been unassigned. The current position in the 9th report (2009) as a genus of the family ''Betaflexiviridae'' derives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allium Cyathophorum
''Allium cyathophorum'' is a Chinese ( zh, 杯花韭, ) species of flowering plant in the onion genus ''Allium'' of the family Amaryllidaceae. It grows at elevations from up to . Description This bulbous herbaceous perennial has thick roots but thin, fibrous bulbs. The scapes are usually 2-angled, up to tall. The leaves are flat, narrowly linear, usually shorter than the scapes. The umbels are hemispheric (half spheres) with purple flowers.Bureau, Louis Édouard, & Franchet, Adrien René. 1891. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 5(10): 154–155. Taxonomy ''Allium cyathophorum'' is found in the third evolutionary line of the genus ''Allium''. It is a member of the subgenus ''Cyathophora'' and is the type species for that subgenus. Varieties Two infraspecific varieties are recognized: * ''Allium cyathophorum'' var. ''cyathophorum'' (''Syn.'' ''Allium venustum'' C.H.Wright) – tepals blunt-tipped – Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan * ''Allium cyathophorum'' var. ''farreri'' ( Stear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphis Fabae
The black bean aphid (''Aphis fabae'') is a small black insect in the genus ''Aphis'', with a broad, soft body, a member of the order Hemiptera. Other common names include blackfly, bean aphid, and beet leaf aphid. In the warmer months of the year, it is found in large numbers on the undersides of leaves and on the growing tips of host plants, including various agricultural crops and many wild and ornamental plants. Both winged and wingless forms exist, and at this time of year, they are all females. They suck sap from stems and leaves and cause distortion of the shoots, stunted plants, reduced yield, and spoiled crops. This aphid also acts as a vector for viruses that cause plant disease, and the honeydew it secretes may encourage the growth of sooty mould. It breeds profusely by live birth, but its numbers are kept in check, especially in the later part of the summer, by various predatory and parasitic insects. Ants feed on the honeydew it produces, and take active steps to re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myzus Ascalonicus
''Myzus ascalonicus'', the shallot aphid, is an aphid in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. Economic importance This aphid is known to attack many economically important plants such as cucumber, pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, strawberry, ''Chrysanthemum'', and ''Tulipa Tulips are spring-blooming perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes in the ''Tulipa'' genus. Their flowers are usually large, showy, and brightly coloured, generally red, orange, pink, yellow, or white. They often have a different coloured ...''. References influentialpoints.com* academia.edunaturespot.org.uk Agricultural pest insects Hemiptera of Asia Macrosiphini {{Aphididae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects in the Taxonomic rank, family Aphididae. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white Eriosomatinae, woolly aphids. A typical life cycle involves flightless females giving Viviparity, live birth to female Nymph (biology), nymphs—who may also be already Pregnancy, pregnant, an adaptation scientists call telescoping generations—without the involvement of males. Developmental biology, Maturing rapidly, females breed profusely so that the number of these insects multiplies quickly. Alate, Winged females may develop later in the season, allowing the insects to colonize new plants. In Temperate climate, temperate regions, a phase of sexual reproduction occurs in the autumn, with the insects often overwintering as eggs. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potyvirus
''Potyvirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses (named after its type species, potato virus Y, Potato virus Y (''Potyvirus yituberosi,'' PVY)'')'' in the family ''Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral, Horticulture industry, horticultural, and Ornamental plant, ornamental crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses, and most are from the subfamily ''Aphidinae'' (genera ''Macrosiphum'' and ''Myzus''). The genus contains 190 species and potyviruses account for about thirty percent of all currently known plant viruses. Structure The virion is Viral envelope, non-enveloped with a flexuous and filamentous Capsid, nucleocapsid, 680 to 900 nanometers (nm) long and is 11–20 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid contains around 2000 copies of the capsid protein. The symmetry of the nucleocapsid is helical with a pitch of 3.4-3.5 nm. Genome The genome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus
Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) belongs to the genus ''Potyvirus''. It was first detected in leek but also infects garlic and onion worldwide. Economically less important ''Allium'' spp., such as '' Allium angulosum'', '' Allium caeruleum'', ''Allium cyathophorum ''Allium cyathophorum'' is a Chinese ( zh, 杯花韭, ) species of flowering plant in the onion genus ''Allium'' of the family Amaryllidaceae. It grows at elevations from up to . Description This bulbous herbaceous perennial has thick roots but ...'', ''Allium nutans'', ''Allium scorodoprasum'', ''Allium senescens'' subsp. ''montanum'' were also found to harbor the virus. Epidemiology LYSV causes typical yellow stripe symptom on leek. A yield reduction of up to 54% on garlic has been reported. The virus is transmitted in non-persistent manner by ''Aphis fabae'' and ''Myzus persicae'' but not by seeds. Genome Its ssRNA genome has one large open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polyprotein of ca. 10,131 nt and 3,152 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
