|
Shallot Latent Virus
Shallot latent virus (SLV), a species of ''Carlavirus'', was first identified in shallots in Netherlands. The virus particle is elongated, 650 nm in length. Epidemiology Since its first detection in shallots, SLV has been found infecting garlic, onion, and leek on five continents. In Indonesia, the virus has been identified in shallot, which is widely grown and used as a food ingredient, and also in garlic. In Turkey, where shallot is less commonly cultivated, SLV was identified in onion in Amasya province instead. However, SLV was not detected in onion samples collected in Ankara province. Molecular study also detected SLV in other ''Allium ''species such as ''Allium cyathophorum'', ''Allium moly'', ''Allium scorodoprasum'', and ''Allium senescens'' subsp. montanum. The virus is widespread in shallot and garlic without causing any clear symptoms, hence its name 'latent'. However, in mixed infection with leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV, ''Potyvirus'') induces severe chlorot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlavirus
''Carlavirus'', formerly known as the " Carnation latent virus group", is a genus of viruses in the order '' Tymovirales'', in the family '' Betaflexiviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 53 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms. Description ''Carlavirus'' is described in the 9th report of the ICTV (2009). The genus is characterised by having six ORFs ( open reading frames) including a TGB (Triple Gene Block). The viruses are transmitted by insects. Taxonomy The genus was first proposed in the first report of the ICTV in 1971, as the 'Carnation latent virus group' but was renamed in 1975 as the 'Carlavirus group', and as the genus ''Carlavirus'' in 1995 (6th report). In 2005 (8th report) it was placed in the ''Flexiviridae'' family, having previously been unassigned. The current position in the 9th report (2009) as a genus of the family ''Betaflexiviridae'' derives from the subsequent subdivision of ''Flex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allium Cyathophorum
''Allium cyathophorum'' is a Chinese (杯花韭, bei hua jiu) species of flowering plant in the onion genus ''Allium'' of the family Amaryllidaceae. It grows at elevations from 2700 metres up to 4600 metres. Description This bulbous herbaceous perennial has thick roots but thin, fibrous bulbs. The scapes are usually 2-angled, up to tall. The leaves are flat, narrowly linear, usually shorter than the scapes. The umbels are hemispheric (half spheres) with purple flowers.Bureau, Louis Édouard, & Franchet, Adrien René. 1891. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 5(10): 154–155. Taxonomy ''Allium cyathophorum'' is found in the third evolutionary line of the genus ''Allium''. It is a member of the subgenus ''Cyathophora'' and is the type species for that subgenus. Varieties Two infraspecific varieties are recognized: * ''Allium cyathophorum'' var. ''cyathophorum'' (''Syn.'' ''Allium venustum'' C.H.Wright) --- tepals blunt-tipped - Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan * ''Allium cyathophorum' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphis Fabae
The black bean aphid (''Aphis fabae'') is a small black insect in the genus ''Aphis'', with a broad, soft body, a member of the order Hemiptera. Other common names include blackfly, bean aphid, and beet leaf aphid. In the warmer months of the year, it is found in large numbers on the undersides of leaves and on the growing tips of host plants, including various agricultural crops and many wild and ornamental plants. Both winged and wingless forms exist, and at this time of year, they are all females. They suck sap from stems and leaves and cause distortion of the shoots, stunted plants, reduced yield, and spoiled crops. This aphid also acts as a vector for viruses that cause plant disease, and the honeydew it secretes may encourage the growth of sooty mould. It breeds profusely by live birth, but its numbers are kept in check, especially in the later part of the summer, by various predatory and parasitic insects. Ants feed on the honeydew it produces, and take active steps to rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myzus Ascalonicus
''Myzus ascalonicus'', the shallot aphid, is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. Economic importance This aphid is known to attack many economically important plants such as cucumber, pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, strawberry, ''Chrysanthemum'', and ''Tulipa Tulips (''Tulipa'') are a genus of spring-blooming perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes (having bulbs as storage organs). The flowers are usually large, showy and brightly coloured, generally red, pink, yellow, or white (usually in warm ...''. References influentialpoints.com* academia.edunaturespot.org.uk Agricultural pest insects Hemiptera of Asia Macrosiphini {{Aphididae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white woolly aphids. A typical life cycle involves flightless females giving live birth to female nymphs—who may also be already pregnant, an adaptation scientists call telescoping generations—without the involvement of males. Maturing rapidly, females breed profusely so that the number of these insects multiplies quickly. Winged females may develop later in the season, allowing the insects to colonize new plants. In temperate regions, a phase of sexual reproduction occurs in the autumn, with the insects often overwintering as eggs. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and a woody plant. Some species feed on only one type of plant, while others are generalists, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potyvirus
''Potyvirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. The genus is named after member virus ''potato virus Y''. Potyviruses account for about thirty percent of the currently known plant viruses. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral, horticultural, and ornamental crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses, and most are from the subfamily ''Aphidinae'' (genera ''Macrosiphum'' and ''Myzus''). The genus contains 190 species. Virology Structure The virion is non-enveloped with a flexuous and filamentous nucleocapsid, 680 to 900 nanometers (nm) long and is 11–20 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid contains around 2000 copies of the capsid protein. The symmetry of the nucleocapsid is helical with a pitch of 3.4 nm. Genome The genome is a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA ranging in size from 9,000–12,000 nucleotide bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus
Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) belongs to the genus ''Potyvirus''. It was first detected in leek but also infects garlic and onion worldwide. Economically less important '' Allium'' spp., such as ''Allium angulosum'', ''Allium caeruleum'', '' Allium cyathophorum'', '' Allium nutans'', '' Allium scorodoprasum'', ''Allium senescens ''Allium senescens'', commonly called aging chive, German garlic, or broadleaf chives, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Allium'' (which includes all the ornamental and culinary onions and garlic). Description A bulbous herbaceous ...'' subsp. ''montanum'' were also found to harbor the virus. Epidemiology LYSV causes typical yellow stripe symptom on leek. A yield reduction of up to 54% on garlic has been reported. The virus is transmitted in non-persistent manner by '' Aphis fabae'' and '' Myzus persicae'' but not by seeds. Genome Its ssRNA genome has one large open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polyprotein of ca. 10,131 nt and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allium Senescens
''Allium senescens'', commonly called aging chive, German garlic, or broadleaf chives, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Allium'' (which includes all the ornamental and culinary onions and garlic). Description A bulbous herbaceous perennial, it produces up to 30 pink flowers in characteristic allium umbels in the mid to late summer and grows in height. The foliage is thin and straplike. Taxonomy Two subspecies have been named: * ''Allium senescens'' subsp. ''glaucum'' *''Allium senescens'' subsp. ''senescens'' Distribution ''Allium senescens'' is native to northern Europe and Asia, from Siberia to Korea. It has been introduced and naturalized in some parts of Europe, including the Czech Republic and former Yugoslavia. Uses ''Allium senescens'' is grown for its ornamental qualities, and as a gene source because of its tertiary genetic relationship to '' A. cepa'' (the common onion). In the UK it has received the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allium Scorodoprasum
The sand leek (''Allium scorodoprasum''), also known as rocambole and Korean pickled-peel garlic, is a Eurasian species of wild onion with a native range extending across much of Europe, Middle East, and Korea. The species should not be confused with rocambole garlic, which is '' A. sativum'' var. ''ophioscorodon''. Description The sand leek is a perennial plant with an egg-shaped bulb. The plant produces two to five unstalked leaves, the bases of which are sheath-like. Each leaf blade is linear, 7–20 mm wide, flat with a slight keel, an entire margin and parallel veins. The edges of the leaf and the central vein are rough to the touch. The flowering stem is cylindrical, growing to a height of and the upper half is leafless. The whole plant has an onion-like aroma. The inflorescence is a globular cluster surrounded by membranous bracts in bud which wither when the flowers open. Each individual flower is stalked and has a purple perianth long. There are six tepals, six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allium Moly
''Allium moly'', also known as yellow garlic, golden garlic and lily leek, Is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Allium'', which also includes the flowering and culinary onions and garlic. A bulbous herbaceous perennial from the Mediterranean, it is edible and also used as a medicinal and ornamental plant. Occurrence and appearance ''Allium moly'' is primarily found in Spain and Southern France with additional populations in Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Algeria, and Morocco.Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811. With lance-shaped grey-green leaves up to 30 cm long, in early summer it produces masses of star-shaped bright yellow flowers in dense umbels. The cultivar ‘Jeannine’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Variants ;formerly included * ''Allium moly'' var. ''ambiguum'', now called ''Allium roseum'' * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allium
''Allium'' is a large genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants with around 1000 accepted species, making ''Allium'' the largest genus in the family Amaryllidaceae and amongst the largest plant genera in the world. Many of the species are edible, and some have a long history of cultivation and human consumption as a vegetable including the onion, garlic, scallions, shallots, leeks, and chives, with onions being the second most grown vegetable globally after tomatoes as of 2023. ''Allium'' species occur in temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere, except for a few species occurring in Chile (such as ''A. juncifolium''), Brazil (''A. sellovianum''), and tropical Africa ( ''A. spathaceum''). They vary in height between . The flowers form an umbel at the top of a leafless stalk. The bulbs vary in size between species, from small (around 2–3 mm in diameter) to rather large (8–10 cm). Some species (such as Welsh onion ''A. fistulosum'' and leek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shallot
The shallot is a botanical variety (a cultivar) of the onion. Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, ''Allium ascalonicum''. The taxon was synonymized with '' Allium cepa'' (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was too small to justify a separate species. As part of the onion genus ''Allium'', its close relatives include garlic, scallions, leeks, chives, and the Chinese onion. Names The name "shallot" comes from Ashkelon, an ancient Canaanite city, where Classical-era Greeks believed shallots originated. The term ''shallot'' is usually applied to the French red shallot (''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'', or the ''A. cepa'' Aggregatum Group). It is also used for the Persian shallot or ''musir'' (''A. stipitatum'') from the Zagros Mountains in Iran and Iraq, and the French gray shallot (''Allium oschaninii'') which is also known as ''griselle'' or "true shallot"; it grows wild from Central to Southwest Asia. The name ''sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(2).JPG "Click for more on -> Shallot")