Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) belongs to the genus ''

Potyvirus ''Potyvirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses (named after its type species, potato virus Y, Potato virus Y (''Potyvirus yituberosi,'' PVY)'')'' in the family ''Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. Like begomoviruses, members ...

''. It was first detected in

leek A leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of ''Allium ampeloprasum'', the broadleaf wild leek (synonym (taxonomy), syn. ''Allium porrum''). The edible part of the plant is a bundle of Leaf sheath, leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a "s ...

but also infects

garlic Garlic (''Allium sativum'') is a species of bulbous flowering plants in the genus '' Allium''. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chives, Welsh onion, and Chinese onion. Garlic is native to central and south Asia, str ...

and

onion An onion (''Allium cepa'' , from Latin ), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus '' Allium''. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion which was classifie ...

worldwide. Economically less important ''

Allium ''Allium'' is a large genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants with around 1000 accepted species, making ''Allium'' the largest genus in the family Amaryllidaceae and among the largest plant genera in the world. Many of the species are edible, ...

'' spp., such as '' Allium angulosum'', '' Allium caeruleum'', ''

Allium cyathophorum ''Allium cyathophorum'' is a Chinese ( zh, 杯花韭, ) species of flowering plant in the onion genus ''Allium'' of the family Amaryllidaceae. It grows at elevations from up to . Description This bulbous herbaceous perennial has thick roots but ...

'', '' Allium nutans'', ''

Allium scorodoprasum The sand leek (''Allium scorodoprasum''), also known as rocambole and Korean pickled-peel garlic, is a Eurasian species of Allium, wild onion with a native range extending across much of Europe, Middle East, and Korea. The species should not be ...

'', '' Allium senescens'' subsp. ''montanum'' were also found to harbor the virus.

Epidemiology

LYSV causes typical yellow stripe symptom on leek. A yield reduction of up to 54% on garlic has been reported. The virus is transmitted in non-persistent manner by ''

Aphis fabae The black bean aphid (''Aphis fabae'') is a small black insect in the genus ''Aphis'', with a broad, soft body, a member of the order Hemiptera. Other common names include blackfly, bean aphid, and beet leaf aphid. In the warmer months of the yea ...

'' and ''Myzus persicae'' but not by seeds.

Genome

Its ssRNA genome has one large open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polyprotein of ca. 10,131 nt and 3,152 amino acids, excluding the poly-(A) tail. LYSV can be separated into three major types: S, L, and N based on variation in the P1 and coat protein (CP) regions of its genome and plant host species. Types-S and N isolates are mostly infecting garlic while type-L is infecting leek.

Control

Several researches had been conducted to determine resistant or tolerant ''Allium'' spp. cultivars, as an epidemiological method to control LYSV. Three French garlic cultivars were tested against the virus, with result Messidrome had the least severe bulb weight loss (17%) compared to Germidour (26%) and Printanor (54%). Another study in French found that a fertile garlic clone (clone 211) was highly resistant to LYSV infection. All 87 samples of Vekan variety collected during field surveys in Czech Republic were tested to be LYSV-free, which highly indicated its resistance to the virus. Recently, Şampiyon and Perama were found to have the best reactions (most tolerant) among 15 onion cultivars tested in Turkey to mechanical inoculation of LYSV under greenhouse conditions.

References

Potyviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases {{Virus-plant-disease-stub