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Salt-inducible Kinase
Salt-inducible kinases, also known as SIK enzymes, are a family of proteins found in most animal species. They are a type of serine-threonine kinase enzymes. They were originally isolated from the adrenal glands of rats fed with a high-salt diet. SIK enzymes are part of a system of proteins which act as a sensor of intracellular sodium levels and activate the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase to expel excess sodium from the cytosol, which is then excreted in urine by the kidneys. There are three subtypes, SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3. SIK1 is induced by cAMP and represses the activity of CRE-binding protein (CREB). SIK1 is also involved with regulating steroidogenic enzyme production during steroidogenesis. In recent years, SIK enzymes have attracted interest as a potential target for anti-cancer drugs, as well as playing a role in other processes such as hypertension and acute kidney injury Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden decrease in renal function, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serine-threonine Kinase
A serine/threonine protein kinase () is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protein kinase, that phosphorylates the OH group of the amino-acid residues serine or threonine, which have similar side chains. At least 350 of the 500+ human protein kinases are serine/threonine kinases (STK). In enzymology, the term ''serine/threonine protein kinase'' describes a class of enzymes in the family of transferases, that transfer phosphates to the oxygen atom of a serine or threonine side chain in proteins. This process is called phosphorylation. Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes and is a very important post-translational modification. The chemical reaction performed by these enzymes can be written as :ATP + a protein \rightleftharpoons ADP + a phosphoprotein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and a protein, whereas its two products are ADP and phosphoprotein. The systematic name of this enzyme class i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium–potassium Pump
The sodium–potassium pump (sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as -ATPase, pump, or sodium–potassium ATPase) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the membrane of all animal cells. It performs several functions in cell physiology. The -ATPase enzyme is active (i.e. it uses energy from ATP). For every ATP molecule that the pump uses, three sodium ions are exported and two potassium ions are imported. Thus, there is a net export of a single positive charge per pump cycle. The net effect is an extracellular concentration of sodium ions which is 5 times the intracellular concentration, and an intracellular concentration of potassium ions which is 30 times the extracellular concentration. The sodium–potassium pump was discovered in 1957 by the Danish scientist Jens Christian Skou, who was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work in 1997. Its discovery marked an important step forward in the understanding of how ions get into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIK1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIK1'' gene. See also * Serine/threonine-protein kinase * SIK2 Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIK2'' gene. Interactions SNF1LK2 has been shown to interact with CRTC2 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2, also known as CRTC2, is a protein which ... References Further reading * * * * * * * EC 2.7.11 {{gene-21-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNF1LK2
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIK2'' gene. Interactions SNF1LK2 has been shown to interact with CRTC2 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2, also known as CRTC2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CRTC2 gene. Function CRTC2, initially called TORC2, is a transcriptional coactivator for the transcription factor CREB and a centra .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * EC 2.7.11 {{gene-11-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KIAA0999
KIAA0999 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SIK3'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... It is part of the salt-inducible kinase family. References Further reading * * * * EC 2.7.11 {{gene-11-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a Chronic condition, long-term Disease, medical condition in which the blood pressure in the artery, arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide. High blood pressure is classified as essential hypertension, primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension. About 90–95% of cases are primary, defined as high blood pressure due to non-specific lifestyle and Genetics, genetic factors. Lifestyle factors that increase the risk include excess salt in the diet, overweight, excess body weight, smoking, physical inactivity and Alcohol (drug), alcohol use. The remaining 5–10% of cases are categorized as secondary hypertension, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acute Kidney Injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden decrease in renal function, kidney function that develops within seven days, as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both. Causes of AKI are classified as either prerenal (due to decreased blood flow to the kidney), intrinsic renal (due to damage to the kidney itself), or postrenal (due to blockage of urine flow). Prerenal causes of AKI include sepsis, dehydration, hemorrhage, excessive blood loss, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, cirrhosis, and certain medications like ACE inhibitors or NSAIDs. Intrinsic renal causes of AKI include glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, certain antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic agents. Postrenal causes of AKI include kidney stones, bladder cancer, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hyperplasia, enlargement of the prostate, urethral stricture, narrowing of the urethra, and certain medications like anti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Tanning
Sun tanning or tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned. It is most often a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or from artificial sources, such as a tanning lamp found in indoor tanning beds. People who deliberately tan their skin by exposure to the sun engage in a passive recreational activity of sun bathing. Some people use chemical products that can produce a tanning effect without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, known as sunless tanning. Impact on skin health Moderate exposure Moderate exposure to direct sunlight contributes to the production of melanin and vitamin D by the body. Excessive exposure Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays has negative health effects, including sunburn. Some people tan or sunburn more easily than others. This may be the result of different skin types and natural skin color, and these may be a result of genetics. The term "tanning" has a cultural origin, arising from the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YKL-05-099
YKL-05-099 is an experimental drug which acts as an inhibitor of the salt-inducible kinase (SIK) enzymes. It has antiinflammatory effects and is used for research into the potential applications of salt-inducible kinase inhibitors in treating several conditions including leukemia, osteoporosis and obesity Obesity is a medical condition, considered by multiple organizations to be a disease, in which excess Adipose tissue, body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health. People are classifi .... References {{reflist Experimental drugs Chlorobenzene derivatives Pyrimidopyrimidines Methoxy compounds Disubstituted pyridines Piperidines Protein kinase inhibitors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
