Salt-inducible kinases, also known as SIK enzymes, are a family of
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
s found in most animal species. They are a type of
serine-threonine kinase
A serine/threonine protein kinase () is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protein kinase, that phosphorylates the OH group of the amino-acid residues serine or threonine, which have similar side chains. At least 350 of the 500+ human prote ...
enzymes. They were originally isolated from the adrenal glands of rats fed with a high-salt diet. SIK enzymes are part of a system of proteins which act as a sensor of intracellular sodium levels and activate the
Na(+),K(+)-ATPase to expel excess sodium from the cytosol, which is then excreted in urine by the kidneys. There are three subtypes,
SIK1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIK1'' gene.
See also
* Serine/threonine-protein kinase
* SIK2
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIK2'' gen ...
,
SIK2
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIK2'' gene.
Interactions
SNF1LK2 has been shown to interact with CRTC2
CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2, also known as CRTC2, is a protein which ...
and
SIK3. SIK1 is induced by cAMP and represses the activity of CRE-binding protein (CREB). SIK1 is also involved with regulating steroidogenic enzyme production during steroidogenesis. In recent years, SIK enzymes have attracted interest as a potential target for anti-cancer drugs, as well as playing a role in other processes such as
hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a Chronic condition, long-term Disease, medical condition in which the blood pressure in the artery, arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms i ...
and
acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden decrease in renal function, kidney function that develops within seven days, as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.
...
. They are also involved in the
tanning response following UV exposure.
Inhibitors
*
YKL-05-099
References
{{Enzymes
Protein kinases