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Pelmatoplanini
Pelmatoplaninini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Rhynchodeminae. Description The tribe Pelmatoplaninini is defined as containing land planarians with a narrow body with tapered anterior end. The eyes are numerous and clustered along the sides of the body on the anterior half, usually not extending behind the mouth. The pharynx in cylindrical and the creeping sole is narrow, occupying less than 25% of the ventral side. The cutaneous longitudinal muscles are very weak, not forming bundles. The parenchymal longitudinal musculature is very strong and forms an annular ring zone around the intestine. The copulatory apparatus has a well-developed penis papilla. Genera The tribe Pelmatoplaninini contains only two genera: *''Beauchampius ''Beauchampius'' is a genus of land planarians in the tribe Pelmatoplaninini. Description The genus ''Beauchampius'' includes planarians with weak cutaneous longitudinal musculature and strong parenchymal musculature forming a rin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchodeminae
Rhynchodeminae is a subfamily of land planarians with a worldwide distribution. Phylogeny and systematics Based on morphological evidence, especially the presence of a single pair of eyes, the subfamily Rhynchodeminae initially encompassed only the species in the current tribe Rhynchodemini and was considered the sister group of subfamily Microplaninae.Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1988). ''Index to the species of the family Rhynchodemidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Rhynchodeminae.'' Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 26: 39-91. The remaining tribes were considered closely related to the subfamily Geoplaninae due to the presence of multiple eyes along the body. However, molecular studies revealed that this classification was artificial and that the Rhynchodeminae were closely related to Caenoplaninae. Therefore, recent classification puts the former Rhynchodeminae as a tribe, Rynchodemini, inside an expanded subfamily Rhynchodeminae that also contains the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Planarians
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment. Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. At the other extreme, one species in this family, ''Platydemus manokwari'' has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beauchampius
''Beauchampius'' is a genus of land planarians in the tribe Pelmatoplaninini. Description The genus ''Beauchampius'' includes planarians with weak cutaneous longitudinal musculature and strong parenchymal musculature forming a ring zone. The copulatory apparatus has a well-developed conical penis papilla and two female ducts opening into the genital atrium, one from the ventral female canal and other from the dorsal diverticulum that in some cases forms a seminal bursa. Etymology The genus ''Beauchampius'' was named in honor of Paul Marais de Beauchamp, who studied land planarians for more than 60 years. Species The genus ''Beauchampius'' includes the following species: *''Beauchampius bangoianus'' (de Beauchamp, 1939) *''Beauchampius coonoorensis'' (de Beauchamp, 1930) *''Beauchampius crassus'' (de Beauchamp, 1939) *''Beauchampius dawydoffi'' (de Beauchamp, 1939) *''Beauchampius indosinicus'' (de Beauchamp, 1939) *''Beauchampius nilgiriensis'' (Whitehouse, 1919) *''Bea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelmatoplana
''Pelmatoplana'' is a genus of land planarians in the tribe Pelmatoplanini Pelmatoplaninini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Rhynchodeminae. Description The tribe Pelmatoplaninini is defined as containing land planarians with a narrow body with tapered anterior end. The eyes are numerous and clustered a .... Description The genus ''Pelmatoplana'' includes planarians with weak cutaneous longitudinal musculature and strong parenchymal musculature forming a ring zone. The copulatory apparatus has a well-developed conical penis papilla and the female atrium lacks a seminal bursa, having only the female canal entering it. A genito-intestinal duct may be present connecting the female canal to the intestine. Species The genus ''Pelmatoplana'' includes the following species: *'' Pelmatoplana bogoriensis'' Graff, 1899 *'' Pelmatoplana braueri'' (Graff, 1899) *'' Pelmatoplana graffi'' Fuhrmann, 1914 *'' Pelmatoplana japonica'' (Kaburaki, 1922) *'' Pelmatoplana m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharynx
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. The pharynx carries food and air to the esophagus and larynx respectively. The flap of cartilage called the epiglottis stops food from entering the larynx. In humans, the pharynx is part of the digestive system and the conducting zone of the respiratory system. (The conducting zone—which also includes the nostrils of the nose, the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles—filters, warms and moistens air and conducts it into the lungs). The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. It is also important in vocalization. In humans, two sets of pharyngeal muscles form the pharynx and determine the shape of its lumen. They are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscle
Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are Organ (biology), organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as Skeletal muscle#Skeletal muscle cells, muscle fibers. The muscle tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated muscle tissue, striated – having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles under the control of the somatic nervous system. The other types of muscle are cardiac muscle which is also striated and smooth muscle which is non-striated; both of these types of muscle tissue are classified as involuntary, or, under the control of the autonomic nervous system. A skeletal muscle contains multiple muscle fascicle, fascicles – bundles of muscle fibers. Each individual fiber, and each muscle is surrounded by a type of connective tissue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reproductive System Of Planarians
The reproductive system of planarians is broadly similar among different families, although the associated structures can vary in complexity. All planarians are hermaphrodites, so their reproductive system has a male and a female part. Both parts communicate with the surface of the body via a single opening called gonopore, which is located on the ventral side of the posterior half of the body. Male part of the reproductive system The male part of the reproductive system in planarians has a set of several testicles, distributed throughout the body in two or more rows. They are usually concentrated in the anterior two thirds of the body, although they can reach close to the posterior end. The testicles are connected to a pair of sperm ducts which run posteriorly towards the gonopore. In some groups, the sperm ducts met in their distal part, forming the ejaculatory duct, which then opens in a cavity called “male atrium”. In others, like land planarians, both open i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
