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Myrmecopterula Nudihortorum
''Myrmecopterula nudihortorum'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. nudihortorum'' was originally classified as ''Pterula nudihortorum'' by the American mycologist Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger in 2014. Before being formally classified it was referred to in studies on fungus growing ants as ant cultivar G4 and was found in ant nests belonging to the '' Apterostigma manni'' subclade. It was placed in the new genus ''Myrmecopterula'' by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith in 2020. Description Unlike ''M. velohortorum'' (G2) which is cultivated in veiled hanging gardens, ''M. nudihortorum'' is cultivated in spongelike masses on the bottom of the garden cavity either under logs or in cavities excavated in the ground. The garden is not enveloped in or suspended by a woven veil. This nest building behaviour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger
Bryn is a Welsh word meaning hill. It may also refer to: Places United Kingdom England * Bryn, Cheshire, a location * Bryn, Greater Manchester ** Bryn (ward), an electoral ward in Wigan ** Bryn railway station * Bryn, Shropshire, a location Wales * Bryn, Caerphilly, a location * Bryn, an electoral division of Conwy County Borough Council * Bryn, Llanelli, Carmarthenshire * Bryn, Gwynedd, a location * The Bryn, a village in Monmouthshire * Bryn, Neath Port Talbot * Bryn, Powys, a location * Bryn, Rhondda Cynon Taf, a location * Bryn, Swansea, a location Elsewhere * Bryn, Akershus, Bærum, Norway * Bryn, Oslo, Norway ** Bryn Station * Bryn, Ukraine, a village in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine Other uses * Bryn (given name), includes a list of people with the given name * Bryn (surname), includes a list of people with the surname * ''Bryn'', a 2003 album by Welsh bass-baritone Bryn Terfel * "Bryn", a 2008 song by Vampire Weekend from ''Vampire Weekend'' See also * B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caio A
{{Disambiguation ...
Caio may refer to: * Caio (name), a Portuguese given name derived from the Latin given name Gaius * Caio, Carmarthenshire, a village in west Wales * ''Caio'' (moth), a genus * Italian destroyer ''Caio Duilio'', a destroyer of the Italian Navy See also *Caius (other) *Gaius Gaius, sometimes spelled Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People * Gaius (biblical figure) (1st century AD) *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist * Gaius Acilius * Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida * Gaius Asinius Gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gareth W
Gareth (; Old French: ''Guerehet'', ''Guerrehet'', etc.) is a Knights of the Round Table">Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. He is the youngest son of King Lot and Morgause, Queen Morgause, King Arthur's half-sister, thus making him Arthur's nephew, as well as brother to Gawain, Agravain and Gaheris, and either a brother or half-brother of Mordred. Gareth is particularly notable in ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', where one of its eight books is named after and largely dedicated to him, and in which he is also known by his nickname Beaumains. Arthurian legend French literature The earliest role of Gareth, appearing as Guerrehet, is found in the First Continuation of Chrétien de Troyes's ''Perceval ou le Conte du Graal'' (in the original ''Perceval'', Chrétien himself had only mentioned Gawain's brothers named Agrevain, Gaherriez and Guerrehés). As the protagonist of the story's final episode, he slays the giant known as "Little Knight", thus avenging the death of fairy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterulaceae
The ''Pterulaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 99 species previously distributed among 12 genus, genera. More recent data from molecular phylogenetic reconstruction showed that members of the genus ''Parapterulicium'' are unrelated to Pterulaceae and also polyphyletic. A new genus ''Baltazaria'' was created and both genera were moved to Russulales, to families Lachnocladiaceae and Peniophoraceae respectively. A major reappraisal of ''Pterulaceae'' was recently published by Leal-Dutra ''et al''., creating the new genus ''Myrmecopterula'', to encompass those species cultivated by ''Apterostigma'' ants in the neotropics, and resurrecting the genus ''Phaeopterula'' to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The genus ''Deflexula'' was merged into ''Pterulicium''. Additionally, the genera ''Aphanobasidium'', ''Radulomyces'' and ''Radulotubus'' were removed to a new family, ''Radulomycetaceae''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma
''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae. History The genus ''Apterostigma'' was described by Gustav Mayr (1865), from winged male and female specimens collected in southern Brazil. It is a New World ant belonging to the Attina Subtribe (fungivorous ants), since they maintain the Ant-Fungus mutualism, where various species belonging to this subfamily use fungi from the Lepiotaceae family. The fungus decomposes the litter (vegetable material collected by the ants, used as a substrate), however, this is not the case of the genus ''Apterostigma'', since it has been found that it cultivates a pterulaceous fungus of the Tricholomataceae family, which is given as a substrate. woody matter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus-growing Ants
Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini) comprise all the known fungus-growing ant species participating in ant–fungus mutualism. They are known for cutting grasses and leaves, carrying them to their colonies' nests, and using them to grow fungus on which they later feed. Their farming habits typically have large effects on their surrounding ecosystem. Many species farm large areas surrounding their colonies and leave walking trails that compress the soil, which can no longer grow plants. Attine colonies commonly have millions of individuals, though some species only house a few hundred. They are the sister group to the subtribe Dacetina. Leafcutter ants, including '' Atta'' and '' Acromyrmex'', make up two of the genera. Their cultivars mostly come from the fungal tribe Leucocoprineae of family Agaricaceae. Attine gut microbiota is often not diverse due to their primarily monotonous diets, leaving them at a higher risk than other beings for certain illnesses. They are especia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma Manni
''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae. History The genus ''Apterostigma'' was described by Gustav Mayr (1865), from winged male and female specimens collected in southern Brazil. It is a New World ant belonging to the Attina Subtribe (fungivorous ants), since they maintain the Ant-Fungus mutualism, where various species belonging to this subfamily use fungi from the Lepiotaceae family. The fungus decomposes the litter (vegetable material collected by the ants, used as a substrate), however, this is not the case of the genus ''Apterostigma'', since it has been found that it cultivates a pterulaceous fungus of the Tricholomataceae family, which is given as a substrate. woody matter and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula
''Myrmecopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pterulaceae. Basidiocarps are clavarioid and are associated with ant domestication by members of the genus ''Apterostigma''. Taxonomy ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 when the ''Pterulaceae'' was reclassified based on phylogenetic analysis and split into ''Pterula'', ''Myrmecopterula'', ''Pterulicium''. and '' Phaeopterula''. ''Myrmecopterula'' is described as differing from ''Pterula'' in the presence of a cotton-like subiculum. In the context of mycology the subiculum is defined as a net, cottony or crust like growth of mycelium from which hyphae or fruiting bodies are produced. The type species, ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by the English mycologist Edred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma Auriculatum
''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae. History The genus ''Apterostigma'' was described by Gustav Mayr (1865), from winged male and female specimens collected in southern Brazil. It is a New World ant belonging to the Attina Subtribe (fungivorous ants), since they maintain the Ant-Fungus mutualism, where various species belonging to this subfamily use fungi from the Lepiotaceae family. The fungus decomposes the litter (vegetable material collected by the ants, used as a substrate), however, this is not the case of the genus ''Apterostigma'', since it has been found that it cultivates a pterulaceous fungus of the Tricholomataceae family, which is given as a substrate. woody matter and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula Moniliformis
''Myrmecopterula moniliformis'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae'' and is the type species of the genus ''Myrmecopterula''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by the English mycologist Edred John Henry Corner in 1952. The genus ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 by the mycologists Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger & G.W. Griff when a major new reclassification took place of the ''Pterulaceae'' family based on phylogenetic analysis. Description ''M. moniliformis'' produces two distinct forms of mushrooms. The first type resemble irregular strings of beads similar in appearance to some rhizomes produced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula Velohortorum
''Myrmecopterula velohortorum'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. velohortorum'' was originally classified as ''Pterula velohortorum'' by the American mycologist Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger in 2014. Before being formally classified it was referred to in studies on fungus growing ants as ant cultivar G2 and was found in ant nests belonging to the ''Apterostigma'' ''dentigerum'' subclade. It was placed in the new genus ''Myrmecopterula'' by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith in 2020. Description ''M. velohortorum'' is cultivated in hanging 'veiled gardens' where the mycelium forms a thin envelope which surrounds the fungal garden. Gardens are found hanging under logs or inside cavities within them or rarely found in cavities in the ground. A single hole may exist in the veil serving as the entrance to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
