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Myrmecopterula
''Myrmecopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pterulaceae. Basidiocarps are clavarioid and are associated with ant domestication by members of the genus ''Apterostigma''. Taxonomy ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 when the ''Pterulaceae'' was reclassified based on phylogenetic analysis and split into ''Pterula'', ''Myrmecopterula'', ''Pterulicium''. and '' Phaeopterula''. ''Myrmecopterula'' is described as differing from ''Pterula'' in the presence of a cotton-like subiculum. In the context of mycology the subiculum is defined as a net, cottony or crust like growth of mycelium from which hyphae or fruiting bodies are produced. The type species, ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by the English mycologist Edred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula Moniliformis
''Myrmecopterula moniliformis'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae'' and is the type species of the genus ''Myrmecopterula''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by the English mycologist Edred John Henry Corner in 1952. The genus ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 by the mycologists Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger & G.W. Griff when a major new reclassification took place of the ''Pterulaceae'' family based on phylogenetic analysis. Description ''M. moniliformis'' produces two distinct forms of mushrooms. The first type resemble irregular strings of beads similar in appearance to some rhizomes produced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterulicium
''Pterulicium'' is a genus of fungi in the Pterulaceae family. The genus was previously monotypic, containing the single species ''Pterulicium xylogenum'', found in southeast Asia. However in 2020 a major reclassification of the Pterulaceae family occurred based on phylogenetic analysis and the ''Pterula'' genus was split into ''Pterula'', '' Myrmecopterula, Pterulicium and Phaeopterula'' by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith. Species , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ... accepted 42 species of ''Pterulicum''. References External links * Pterulaceae Fungi of Asia Monotypic Agaricales genera {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterula
''Pterula'' is a genus of fungi in the '' Pterulaceae'' family. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 50 species. One such species, ''Pterula sp. 82168'', has yielded potential antifungal antibiotic properties. Taxonomy A major reclassification of the '' Pterulaceae'' family occurred in occurred in 2020 and ''Pterula'' was reclassified based on phylogenetic analysis and split into ''Pterula'', '' Myrmecopterula, Pterulicium and Phaeopterula'' genera by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith. Species , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ... accepted 67 species of ''Pterula''. References External links * Pterulaceae Agaricales genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterulaceae
The ''Pterulaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 99 species previously distributed among 12 genus, genera. More recent data from molecular phylogenetic reconstruction showed that members of the genus ''Parapterulicium'' are unrelated to Pterulaceae and also polyphyletic. A new genus ''Baltazaria'' was created and both genera were moved to Russulales, to families Lachnocladiaceae and Peniophoraceae respectively. A major reappraisal of ''Pterulaceae'' was recently published by Leal-Dutra ''et al''., creating the new genus ''Myrmecopterula'', to encompass those species cultivated by ''Apterostigma'' ants in the neotropics, and resurrecting the genus ''Phaeopterula'' to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The genus ''Deflexula'' was merged into ''Pterulicium''. Additionally, the genera ''Aphanobasidium'', ''Radulomyces'' and ''Radulotubus'' were removed to a new family, ''Radulomycetaceae''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeopterula
''Phaeopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the family ''Pterulaceae''. Basidiocarps are clavarioid and resemble species of ''Pterula''. Taxonomy This genus was originally described by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1905 but most subsequent mycologists considered it a synonym of ''Pterula''. The genus was resurrected in 2020 when a major reclassification of the Pterulaceae based on phylogenetic analysis split the family into four genera: ''Pterula'', ''Myrmecopterula'', ''Pterulicium'', and ''Phaeopterula''. Three former ''Pterula'' species were added to ''Phaeopterula''. Species As of October 2022, Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ... accepted five species of ''Phaeopterula''. References Pterulaceae Agaricales genera Tax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus
''Leucocoprinus gongylophorus'' is a fungus in the family Agaricaceae which is cultivated by certain leafcutter ants. Like other species of fungi cultivated by ants, ''L. gongylophorus'' produces gongylidia, nutrient-rich hyphal swellings upon which the ants feed. Production of mushrooms occurs only once ants abandon the nest. ''L. gongylophorus'' is farmed by leaf cutter ant species belonging to the genera ''Atta'' and '' Acromyrmex'', amongst others. Description ''L. gongylophorus'' is completely dependent on ants for survival with workers feeding it cut plant matter and new queens carrying a piece of mycelium in their infrabuccal pocket (a specialised structure within the mouth) in order to found a new colony. For both its source of nutrition and mechanism of spreading it is reliant on the ants. The species has co-evolved with ants so thoroughly that it can no longer rely upon producing mushrooms to emit spores as a viable survival mechanism as it has lost th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Christoph Hennings
Paul Christoph Hennings (November 27, 1841 – October 14, 1908) was a German mycologist and herbarium curator. He discovered the study of cryptogams and mushrooms as a volunteer at the botanical garden. Although circumstances initially prevented him to study in that area, he later returned to natural sciences and eventually rose to a position at the largest herbarium in Germany. Originally interested in all non-higher plants, he specialised into mushrooms and became particularly versed in tropical species sent from abroad. Biography Borne in Heide, he was attracted early to plant sciences early and as a young man attracted the attention of director Ernst Ferdinand Nolte while a volunteer at the Botanischer Garten der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. After an interlude caused by the Second Schleswig War, and during which he worked in the postal services. This job, which he abhorred, forced to move a number of times until he could settle in 1867 in Hohenwestedt, wher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camille Torrend
Camille Torrend (1875-1961) was a Portuguese clergyman and mycologist. He was active in France, Portugal, Ireland and Brazil. He was a professor of botany and phytopathology at the Imperial Agricultural School of Bahia. Torrend edited the exsiccata ''Fungi selecti exsiccati''. Torrend described the fungi genera of; '' Amauroderma aurantiacum'', '' Adustomyces'', and '' Lignosus''. The fungal genera of '' Torrendia'' (the family Amanitaceae) and '' Torrendiella'' (in the family Sclerotiniaceae) were both named after him. Works * 1908. ''Les myxomycètes. Étude des espèces connues jusqu’ici''. Broteria 7: 5–177, tab., fig. * 1909. ''Notes de mycologie Portugaise. Résultats d’une excursion à la propriété royale de Villa Viçosa''. Boletim de Sociedade Portuquesa de Ciencias Naturais 3: 3-7 * 1912. ''Les Basidiomycetes des environs de Lisbonne et de la région de S. Fiel (Beira Baixa)''. Brotéria Ser. Botânica 10: 192-210 * 1913. ''Troisième contribution pour l’� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecology
Myrmecology (; from Greek: μύρμηξ, ''myrmex'', "ant" and λόγος, ''logos'', "study") is a branch of entomology focusing on the study of ants. Ants continue to be a model of choice for the study of questions on the evolution of social systems because of their complex and varied forms of social organization. Their diversity and prominence in ecosystems also has made them important components in the study of biodiversity and conservation. In the 2000s, ant colonies began to be studied and modeled for their relevance in machine learning, complex interactive networks, stochasticity of encounter and interaction networks, parallel computing, and other computing fields. History The word myrmecology was coined by William Morton Wheeler (1865–1937), although human interest in the life of ants goes back to ancient times. The earliest scientific thinking based on observation of ant life was that of Auguste Forel (1848–1931), a Swiss psychologist who initially was interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion of the Americas. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Drake Passage; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territory, dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one administrative division, internal territory: French Guiana. The Dutch Caribbean ABC islands (Leeward Antilles), ABC islands (Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao) and Trinidad and Tobago are geologically located on the South-American continental shel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotropical Realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate climate, temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Phytochorion, Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic Floristic Kingdom, Antarctic kingdom. The Neo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma Auriculatum
''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae. History The genus ''Apterostigma'' was described by Gustav Mayr (1865), from winged male and female specimens collected in southern Brazil. It is a New World ant belonging to the Attina Subtribe (fungivorous ants), since they maintain the Ant-Fungus mutualism, where various species belonging to this subfamily use fungi from the Lepiotaceae family. The fungus decomposes the litter (vegetable material collected by the ants, used as a substrate), however, this is not the case of the genus ''Apterostigma'', since it has been found that it cultivates a pterulaceous fungus of the Tricholomataceae family, which is given as a substrate. woody matter and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
