|
Myrmecopterula Moniliformis
''Myrmecopterula moniliformis'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae'' and is the type species of the genus ''Myrmecopterula''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by the English mycologist Edred John Henry Corner in 1952. The genus ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 by the mycologists Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger & G.W. Griff when a major new reclassification took place of the ''Pterulaceae'' family based on phylogenetic analysis. Description ''M. moniliformis'' produces two distinct forms of mushrooms. The first type resemble irregular strings of beads similar in appearance to some rhizomes produced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Christoph Hennings
Paul Christoph Hennings (November 27, 1841 – October 14, 1908) was a German mycologist and herbarium curator. He discovered the study of cryptogams and mushrooms as a volunteer at the botanical garden. Although circumstances initially prevented him to study in that area, he later returned to natural sciences and eventually rose to a position at the largest herbarium in Germany. Originally interested in all non-higher plants, he specialised into mushrooms and became particularly versed in tropical species sent from abroad. Biography Borne in Heide, he was attracted early to plant sciences early and as a young man attracted the attention of director Ernst Ferdinand Nolte while a volunteer at the Botanischer Garten der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. After an interlude caused by the Second Schleswig War, and during which he worked in the postal services. This job, which he abhorred, forced to move a number of times until he could settle in 1867 in Hohenwestedt, wher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycoparasitism
A mycoparasite is an organism with the ability to parasitize fungi. Mycoparasites might be biotrophic or necrotrophic, depending on the type of interaction with their host. Types of mycoparasitic organisms Myco-heterotrophy Various plants may be considered mycoparasites, in that they parasitize and acquire most of their nutrition from fungi during a part or all of their life cycle. These include many orchid seedlings, as well as some plants that lack chlorophyll such as '' Monotropa uniflora''. Mycoparasitic plants are more precisely described as myco-heterotrophs. Mycoparasitic bacteria Some bacteria live on or within fungal cells as parasites or symbionts. Mycoparasitic viruses Some viruses, called mycoviruses live on or within fungal cells as parasites or symbionts. Mycoparasitic fungi Many mycoparasites are fungi, though not all fungicolous fungi are parasites (some are commensals or saprobes.) Biotrophic mycoparasites acquire nutrients from living host cells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion of the Americas. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Drake Passage; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territory, dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one administrative division, internal territory: French Guiana. The Dutch Caribbean ABC islands (Leeward Antilles), ABC islands (Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao) and Trinidad and Tobago are geologically located on the South-American continental shel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotropical Realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate climate, temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Phytochorion, Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic Floristic Kingdom, Antarctic kingdom. The Neo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula Velohortorum
''Myrmecopterula velohortorum'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. velohortorum'' was originally classified as ''Pterula velohortorum'' by the American mycologist Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger in 2014. Before being formally classified it was referred to in studies on fungus growing ants as ant cultivar G2 and was found in ant nests belonging to the ''Apterostigma'' ''dentigerum'' subclade. It was placed in the new genus ''Myrmecopterula'' by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith in 2020. Description ''M. velohortorum'' is cultivated in hanging 'veiled gardens' where the mycelium forms a thin envelope which surrounds the fungal garden. Gardens are found hanging under logs or inside cavities within them or rarely found in cavities in the ground. A single hole may exist in the veil serving as the entrance to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula Nudihortorum
''Myrmecopterula nudihortorum'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. nudihortorum'' was originally classified as ''Pterula nudihortorum'' by the American mycologist Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger in 2014. Before being formally classified it was referred to in studies on fungus growing ants as ant cultivar G4 and was found in ant nests belonging to the '' Apterostigma manni'' subclade. It was placed in the new genus ''Myrmecopterula'' by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith in 2020. Description Unlike ''M. velohortorum'' (G2) which is cultivated in veiled hanging gardens, ''M. nudihortorum'' is cultivated in spongelike masses on the bottom of the garden cavity either under logs or in cavities excavated in the ground. The garden is not enveloped in or suspended by a woven veil. This nest building behaviour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula Moniliformis 2
''Myrmecopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pterulaceae. Basidiocarps are clavarioid and are associated with ant domestication by members of the genus ''Apterostigma''. Taxonomy ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 when the ''Pterulaceae'' was reclassified based on phylogenetic analysis and split into ''Pterula'', ''Myrmecopterula'', ''Pterulicium''. and ''Phaeopterula''. ''Myrmecopterula'' is described as differing from ''Pterula'' in the presence of a cotton-like subiculum. In the context of mycology the subiculum is defined as a net, cottony or crust like growth of mycelium from which hyphae or fruiting bodies are produced. The type species, ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by the English mycologist Edred Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecology
Myrmecology (; from Greek: μύρμηξ, ''myrmex'', "ant" and λόγος, ''logos'', "study") is a branch of entomology focusing on the study of ants. Ants continue to be a model of choice for the study of questions on the evolution of social systems because of their complex and varied forms of social organization. Their diversity and prominence in ecosystems also has made them important components in the study of biodiversity and conservation. In the 2000s, ant colonies began to be studied and modeled for their relevance in machine learning, complex interactive networks, stochasticity of encounter and interaction networks, parallel computing, and other computing fields. History The word myrmecology was coined by William Morton Wheeler (1865–1937), although human interest in the life of ants goes back to ancient times. The earliest scientific thinking based on observation of ant life was that of Auguste Forel (1848–1931), a Swiss psychologist who initially was interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia ( basidiomycetes) or paraphyses ( ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. * In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. * In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caio A
{{Disambiguation ...
Caio may refer to: * Caio (name), a Portuguese given name derived from the Latin given name Gaius * Caio, Carmarthenshire, a village in west Wales * ''Caio'' (moth), a genus * Italian destroyer ''Caio Duilio'', a destroyer of the Italian Navy See also *Caius (other) *Gaius Gaius, sometimes spelled Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People * Gaius (biblical figure) (1st century AD) *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist * Gaius Acilius * Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida * Gaius Asinius Gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
