The ''Pterulaceae'' are a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the order

Agaricales The Agaricales are an order (biology), order of fungi in the division (mycology), division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are ...

. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 99

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

previously distributed among 12

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

. More recent data from molecular phylogenetic reconstruction showed that members of the genus '' Parapterulicium'' are unrelated to Pterulaceae and also polyphyletic. A new genus ''Baltazaria'' was created and both genera were moved to

Russulales The Russulales are an order of the Agaricomycetes, (which include the agaric genera '' Russula'' and ''Lactarius'' and their polyporoid and corticioid relatives). According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the order con ...

, to families

Lachnocladiaceae The Lachnocladiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. A 2008 estimate places 124 species in 8 genera in the Lachnocladiaceae. Species of this family, which have a widespread distribution in both tropical and temperate zones, are typ ...

and

Peniophoraceae The Peniophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and are mostly saprobic, causing rots of standing and fallen wood. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 7 gener ...

respectively. A major reappraisal of ''Pterulaceae'' was recently published by Leal-Dutra ''et al''., creating the new genus ''

Myrmecopterula ''Myrmecopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pterulaceae. Basidiocarps are clavarioid and are associated with ant domestication by members of the genus ''Apterostigma''. Taxonomy ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 when the ''Pteru ...

'', to encompass those species cultivated by ''

Apterostigma ''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of othe ...

'' ants in the neotropics, and resurrecting the genus ''

Phaeopterula ''Phaeopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the family ''Pterulaceae''. Basidiocarps are clavarioid and resemble species of ''Pterula''. Taxonomy This genus was originally described by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1905 but most ...

'' to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The genus ''

Deflexula ''Deflexula'' is a genus of tooth fungi in the family Pterulaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by British botanist E.J.H. Corner in his 1950 work "''Clavaria'' and Allied Genera". The type species, ''Deflexula fascicularis'', was origin ...

'' was merged into ''

Pterulicium ''Pterulicium'' is a genus of fungi in the Pterulaceae family. The genus was previously monotypic, containing the single species ''Pterulicium xylogenum'', found in southeast Asia. However in 2020 a major reclassification of the Pterulaceae fam ...

''. Additionally, the genera ''

Aphanobasidium ''Aphanobasidium'' is a genus of corticioid or crust fungi in the Radulomycetaceae family. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains several species. This genus was formally considered to be part of the ''Pterulaceae'' family. A maj ...

'', ''

Radulomyces ''Radulomyces'' is a genus of crust fungi in the family Radulomycetaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains 11 species. It was circumscribed by Danish botanist Mads Peter Christiansen in 1960, with '' Radulomyces confluens'' a ...

'' and ''

Radulotubus ''Radulotubus'' is a monotypic genus of corticioid or crust fungi in the family Radulomycetaceae containing the single resupinate species ''Radulotubus resupinatus.'' This species was found in Yunnan province, China and formally classified in 2 ...

'' were removed to a new family, ''Radulomycetaceae''.

References

External links

* Basidiomycota families {{Agaricales-stub

See also

References

External links