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Mylodontinae
Mylodontinae is an extinct subfamily of ground sloths that lived from the Early Miocene to the Early Holocene epochs. Classification The classification of the Mylodontidae is complex and often under discussion. The most widely accepted subfamilies are the Mylodontinae with ''Mylodon'' as the type genus and the Lestodontinae, whose type genus is ''Lestodon'', which sometimes also includes ''Paramylodon'' and ''Glossotherium ''Glossotherium'' is an extinct genus of large mylodontid ground sloths of the subfamily Mylodontinae. It represents one of the best-known members of the family, along with ''Mylodon'' and '' Paramylodon''. Reconstructed animals were between ...'' (sometimes also listed as belonging to the tribes Mylodontini and Lestodontini. The subdivision of the terminal group of mylodonts into the Lestodontinae and Mylodontinae found confirmation in one of the most comprehensive studies of the phylogeny of sloths based on cranial features in 2004, which subsequentl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mylodon
''Mylodon'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth belonging to the family Mylodontidae, known from southern South America. With a total length of 3 to 4 m and a body mass of 1-2 tonnes, it is one of the largest mylodontids (though it was considerably exceeded in size by the mylodontid '' Lestodon''). The oldest finds probably date to the Lower Pleistocene; however, most of the fossil remains date to the Late Pleistocene. Its distribution ranged from southern Bolivia and the Pampas in the north southwards to the southernmost part of Patagonia at around 52- 53 degrees south, the furthest south of any Pleistocene ground sloth, with some of the best known remains of the species being from the eponymous Cueva del Milodon (cave of ''Mylodon'') in southern Chile. In addition to skeletal remains, ''Mylodon'' is also known from preserved skin and hair. Preserved dung (coprolites) indicates that ''Mylodon'' was a primarily a grazer, feeding on grasses and sedges. ''Mylodon'' has general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramylodon
''Paramylodon'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Mylodontidae endemic to North America during the Pliocene through Pleistocene epochs, living from around ~4.9 Mya–12,000 years ago. Within the genus only two species are recognized: ''Paramylodon harlani,'' also known as Harlan's ground sloth known from Early Pleistocene to the Late Pleistocene (Irvingtonian- Rancholabrean) and the earlier Pliocene-Early Pleistocene (Blancan) species ''Paramylodon garbanii,'' though the placement of the latter in the genus has been questioned by some authors. The first fossil findings date back to the beginning of the 1830s. They go back to Richard Harlan, in whose honor the species was named. The genus ''Paramylodon'' was introduced by Barnum Brown in the early 20th century. Over 150 years after the description of the first species, the finds that are now attributed to ''Paramylodon'' were repeatedly placed in with other genera, first with '' Mylodon'', but since the 1950s in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossotherium
''Glossotherium'' is an extinct genus of large mylodontid ground sloths of the subfamily Mylodontinae. It represents one of the best-known members of the family, along with ''Mylodon'' and '' Paramylodon''. Reconstructed animals were between long and possibly weighed up to 1,002.6–1,500 kg. The majority of finds of ''Glossotherium'' date from the Middle and Upper Pleistocene, around 300,000 to 10,000 years ago, with a few dating older, as far back Pliocene, about 3.3-3 million years ago. The range included large parts of South America, east of the Andes roughly from latitude 20 to 40 degrees south, leaving out the Amazon Basin in the north. In western South America, finds are also documented north of the equator. The animals largely inhabited the open landscapes of the Pampas and northern savanna regions. Like other mylodonts, ''Glossotherium'' was adapted to a more or less grassy diet, as indicated by the broad snout and the design of the teeth. This view is confirmed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lestobradys
''Lestobradys'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth (family Mylodontidae), which existed in Uruguay during the Late Miocene period; Huayquerian in the South American land mammal age (SALMA). The type species is ''L. sprechmanni'', found in the Camacho Formation of Uruguay.''Lestobradys'' at .org Etymology The genus name, ''Lestobradys'', is derived from ''lesto'', meaning "robber", which refers to the genus' morphological similarities to the Plio-Pleistocene '' Lestodon,'' while "''bradys''" means "slow" due to its common use in ground sloths. The specific name is after Uruguayan ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South American Land Mammal Age
The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.Flynn & Swisher, 1995 The basic unit of measurement is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap. Background South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today. Paleogeographic timeline A simplified paleogeographic timeline of South America: * 66 Ma – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivartherium
''Bolivartherium'' is an extinct genus of mylodontine mylodontid sloth that lived during the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene in what is now Venezuela. Fossils have been found in the Codore and Urumaco Formations of Venezuela. Etymology The generic name, ''Bolivartherium'', is named in honour of Libertador Simón Bolívar, a Venezuelan military and political leader. The specific name is derived from the Urumaco Formation in which it was found in. A second species, ''B. codorensis'', was named in 2006 after the Codore Formation in which it was found in. Description ''Bolivartherium'' is a medium-sized mylodontine that was smaller than the quaternary species of '' Lestodon''. It can be distinguished from the latter in having a lower rostrum and the upper caniform which is more curved than in ''Lestodon'', much like ''Lestodon'' sp. from the Monte Hermoso Formation (Montehermosan) of Argentina. The diastema in front of the molariforms is elevated with respect to the occlusal pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brievabradys
''Brievabradys'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth belonging to the family Mylodontidae that lived in Colombia during the Middle Miocene. This genus was discovered in the Honda Group of Colombia, in the strata of the Tatacoa Desert in the Huila Department with an approximate age of 13 to 11 million years ago, dating to the Middle Miocene.Villarroel, CarlosA new Mylodontinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) in the Miocene sale fauna of Colombia : the current status of the family Orophodontidae, url=http://www.accefyn.org.co/revista/Vol_24/90/117-127.pdf , date=20131029192656. ''Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales'' (Bogotá) Vol. 24, No. 090, Mar. 2000 p. 117-127. ''Brievabradys'' was described based on a fossilized skull and additional cranial remains found in that area. Description This genus of sloth is characterized by its small size, which is similar to that of the extant two-toed sloth '' Choloepus'' ), a skull expanded backwards, a shor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeomylodon
''Archaeomylodon'' is an extinct genus of mylodontine ground sloths that lived during the Middle Pleistocene of what is now Argentina. It is known so far only from a single skull, which in its dimensions corresponds to those of the giant '' Lestodon''. However, the skull differs from this one by its narrower and higher snout. In addition, the anterior canine teeth, which are usually large in many mylodonts, are greatly reduced. The find comes from the Pampa region of South America and was deposited in about 700,000 years old sediments. Discovery and naming The only known find of ''Archaeomylodon'' so far, was discovered in Cantera Iglesias near Partido San Pedro in the north of the Argentine province of Buenos Aires. The site is located south of the Río Paraná in the Pampa region of South America. The skull was deposited there in calcareous deposits in the upper section of the Ensenada Formation. According to radiometric measurements, these could be determined to be about 70 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magdalenabradys
''Magdalenabradys'' is an extinct genus of mylodontid ground sloths that lived during the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene of what is now Colombia and Venezuela. Fossils have been found in the Villavieja Formation of the Honda Group in Colombia, and the Codore and Urumaco Formations of Venezuela. Discovery The first remains of ''Magdalenabradys'' were found in the Villavieja Formation of the Honda Group in the strata of the Tatacoa Desert of the Huila Department. The holotype of ''M. confusum'' was found about 9 km east of Villavieja and 2.5 km northeast of Hacienda Argentina, Huila. The holotype consisted of a crushed and distorted skull. The femur is based on eight specimens from six localities, including one femur from a partial skeleton that included a skull and mandible (specimens UCMP 3800, 37999). The cranium and partial mandible of both species were originally assigned to '' Bolivartherium urumaquensis''. Etymology The generic name, ''Magdalenabradys' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lestodon
''Lestodon'' is an extinct genus of giant ground sloth native to South America during the Pleistocene epoch. Its fossil remains have primarily been found in the Pampas and adjacent regions. The largest member of the family Mylodontidae, It is estimated to have weighed . It was a herbivore and primarily fed on the grasses and low-growing plants. Research history and taxonomy The genus ''Lestodon'' and the species ''Lestodon armatus'' was erected by Paul Gervais in 1855, based on a fragments of the upper and lower jaws with teeth found in Late Pleistocene deposits what is currently Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The genus name, which means "thief tooth", is in reference to the large caniniform teeth at the front of the jaw. In 1934, a second species ''L. australis'' was erected by Lucas Kraglievich, but this is now regarded as a junior synonym of ''L. armatus''. In 2004, two additional species ''L. urumaquensis'' and ''L. codorensis'' were described based on fossils found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocnotherium
''Ocnotherium'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth known from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil, belonging to the family Mylodontidae, containing the species ''Ocnotherium giganteum''. It is a member of the subfamily Mylodontinae, but its relationship to other members of that subfamily are uncertain. It had osteoderm Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amph ...s embedded within its skin, like some other mylodontids. It was likely a mixed feeder, and may have been adapted to digging. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q119104931 Prehistoric sloths Pleistocene xenarthrans Prehistoric placental genera Pleistocene mammals of South America Lujanian Pleistocene Brazil Fossils of Brazil Monotypic mammal genera Fossil taxa described in 1842 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreomylodon
''Oreomylodon'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth in the family Mylodontidae, endemic to Ecuador during the Pleistocene. The only species, ''O. wegneri'', was long considered to be either a species or subgenus of ''Glossotherium'' (as ''G. wegneri'') or a junior synonym of ''Glossotherium robustum'', but studies of its cranial anatomy published in 2019 have supported ''Oreomylodon'' as a valid genus, and suggested it is more closely related to ''Paramylodon''. However, a subsequent analysis published in 2020 again sunk ''Oreomylodon wegneri'' into ''Glossotherium,'' as a distinct species. It shows adaptations to living in a high-altitude habitat, and its fossils have frequently been unearthed in the Interandean Valles The term Interandean valles refers to those valleys located in the Andes mountains. The interandean valles comprise most of the mid-elevation areas of the " sierra" of Peru, "los valles" of Bolivia and the " Cuyo region" of Argentina. In Colombia ... of Ecuador, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
