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Microplaninae
Microplaninae is a subfamily of land planarians. Description The subfamily Microplaninae was defined by Ogren and Kawakatsu (1988)Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1988). ''Index to the species of the family Rhynchodemidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Rhynchodeminae.'' Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 26: 39-91. for land planarians with a short and cylindroid form, anterior end blunt, eyes often small and subepithelial musculature weak. The male copulatory apparatus is often complicated and has a well-developed penis. The female apparatus is very variable, with or without a seminal bursa and with or without a connection with the intestine. It was originally considered, based on morphological evidence, to be the sister group of the subfamily Rhynchodeminae. However, recent phylogenetic analyses indicated that both subfamilies are not closely related. Genera The following genera are recognised in the subfamily Microplaninae: *'' Amblyplana'' Graff, 1896 *'' Diporo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoplanidae
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment. Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. At the other extreme, one species in this family, ''Platydemus manokwari'' has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microplana
''Microplana'' is a genus of land planarians found in Europe and Africa. Description Species of the genus ''Microplana'' are characterized by having an elongate, rounded body and generally only two eyes. The copulatory apparatus has a permanent conical penis with a muscular bulbus projecting into a short atrium. A genito-intestinal canal or a bursa copulatrix is usually present, connecting the intestine to the female atrium. Ecology Species of ''Microplana'' are adapted to different habitats. Most species occur in temperate forests, including beech, oak, pine and mixed forests, and seem to prefer neutral to basic soils, with pH values above 6. However, there are species adapted to drier habitats, such as the African savanna. All ''Microplana'' species are carnivores, feeding on other invertebrates. Some are active predators, while others are mainly scavengers. Species The genus ''Microplana'' includes the following species: *'' Microplana aberana'' (Mell, 1904) *'' Microplan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incapora
''Incapora'' is a genus of land planarians in the subfamily Microplaninae. Description Species of the genus ''Incapora'' are characterized by the presence of two ventral orifices that lead to the posterior branches of the gut. These intestinal branches also connect to the copulatory apparatus by anastomosis with the bursal canal. Species The genus ''Incapora'' contains only two species: *''Incapora anamallensis'' (de Beauchamp, 1930) *''Incapora weyrauchi ''Incapora'' is a genus of land planarians in the subfamily Microplaninae. Description Species of the genus ''Incapora'' are characterized by the presence of two ventral orifices that lead to the posterior branches of the gut. These intestina ...'' Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1953 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18588349 Geoplanidae Rhabditophora genera Taxa named by Eveline Du Bois-Reymond Marcus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statomicroplana
''Statomicroplana'' is a genus of land planarians of the subfamily Microplaninae. It was erected to include species lacking sufficient morphological information to allow them to be classified in the appropriate genus. Taxonomy Many species of land planarians described during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century were classified based solely on external characters. Currently, land planarian genera are highly based on internal anatomy, especially the anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. As a result, species with old descriptions that were never redescribed, so that their internal anatomy remains unknown, cannot be assigned to the correct genus. Thus, the genus ''Statomicroplana'' was erected to temporarily accommodate species of the subfamily Microplaninae whose anatomy of the copulatory apparatus is still unknown. Species The genus ''Statomicroplana'' currently contains the following species: *''Statomicroplana capensis'' (Graff, 1899) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudartiocotylus
''Pseudartiocotylus'' is a genus of land planarians that currently contains a single species, ''Pseudartiocotylus ceylonicus'', found in Namunukula, Sri Lanka. Description The original description of ''Pseudartiocotylus'' states that the worm has a relatively short strap-like body and that there is a watch glass A watch glass is a circular concave piece of glass used in chemistry as a surface to evaporate a liquid, to hold solids while being weighed, for heating a small amount of substance and as a cover for a beaker. A larger watchglass may be referre ...-like sense organ between the eyes, as well as two ambulacral pits on the ventral side of the anterior end. This description, however, is too incomplete to correctly define the genus and further studies are needed. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18582426 Geoplanidae Rhabditophora genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchodeminae
Rhynchodeminae is a subfamily of land planarians with a worldwide distribution. Phylogeny and systematics Based on morphological evidence, especially the presence of a single pair of eyes, the subfamily Rhynchodeminae initially encompassed only the species in the current tribe Rhynchodemini and was considered the sister group of subfamily Microplaninae.Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1988). ''Index to the species of the family Rhynchodemidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Rhynchodeminae.'' Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 26: 39-91. The remaining tribes were considered closely related to the subfamily Geoplaninae due to the presence of multiple eyes along the body. However, molecular studies revealed that this classification was artificial and that the Rhynchodeminae were closely related to Caenoplaninae. Therefore, recent classification puts the former Rhynchodeminae as a tribe, Rynchodemini, inside an expanded subfamily Rhynchodeminae that also contains the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diporodemus
''Diporodemus'' is a genus of land planarians found in the Americas. Description The genus ''Diporodemus'' is characterized by the copulatory apparatus having a large seminal bursa (or bursa copulatrix) connected to the vagina by a canal, called Beauchamp's canal. This bursa also opens to the exterior by a canal and a pore situated behind the common gonopore. Species Currently, there are 5 species assigned to the genus ''Diporodemus'': *''Diporodemus hymanae'' E. M. Froehlich & Froehlich, 1972 *''Diporodemus indigenus'' Hyman, 1943 *''Diporodemus merridithae'' Glasgow, 2013 *''Diporodemus plenus'' Hyman, 1941 *''Diporodemus yucatani ''Diporodemus'' is a genus of land planarians found in the Americas. Description The genus ''Diporodemus'' is characterized by the copulatory apparatus having a large seminal bursa (or bursa copulatrix) connected to the vagina by a canal, c ...'' Hyman, 1938 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18582186 Geoplanidae Rhabditophora gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobenazzia
''Geobenazzia'' is a genus of land planarians that currently contains a single species, ''Geobenazzia tyrrhenica'', found in Elba Elba ( it, isola d'Elba, ; la, Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano Nation ..., Italy. Description The anatomy of ''Geobenazzia tyrrhenica'' is very similar to that of '' Othelosoma'' species, the main difference being the presence of an adenodactyl, a finger-like glandular projection, in the copulatory apparatus. The male copulatory apparatus has a large seminal vesicle and a penis papilla, while the female organ has a seminal bursa (or bursa copulatrix) connected to the vagina by one duct. There is also a duct connecting the female genital atrium to the intestine. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18584619 Geoplanidae Rhabditophora genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Othelosoma
''Othelosoma'' is a genus of land planarians found in Africa and India. Description The genus ''Othelosoma'' is characterized by having an elongate, rounded body, generally only two eyes and a blunt anterior end. The copulatory apparatus has a permanent penis. The bursa copulatrix is large and communicates with the genital atrium by two canals, the vaginal duct and the Beauchamp's canal. Species There are 40 species assigned to the genus ''Othelosoma'': *''Othelosoma africanum'' (von Graff, 1899) *''Othelosoma angolense'' (de Beauchamp, 1951) *''Othelosoma caffrum'' (Jameson, 1907) *''Othelosoma chinum'' (Marcus, 1955) *''Othelosoma conyum'' (Marcus, 1953) *''Othelosoma cylindricum'' (de Beauchamp, 1913) *''Othelosoma duplamaculosum'' Sluys & Neumann, 2017 *''Othelosoma evelinae'' Marcus, 1970 *''Othelosoma flavescens'' (Jameson, 1907) *''Othelosoma gnaum'' Marcus, 1955 *''Othelosoma gravelyi'' (de Beauchamp, 1930) *''Othelosoma hepaticarum'' (Jameson, 1907) *''Othelosoma hiru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spathula
''Spathula'' is a genus of dugesiid triclad. Its species are found in Australia and New Zealand. Until 1977, ''Spathula'' was ranked as a subgenus of ''Dugesia''. Description Specimens of this genus have a triangular head.Ball, I. R.: A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). Biology of the Turbellaria (Edited by: Riser NW and Morse MP). New York: McGraw-Hill New York 1974, 339-401. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Spathula''*Tyler S, Schilling S, Hooge M, and Bush LF (comp.) (2006-2012) Turbellarian taxonomic database. Version 1.7 'Database : * ''Spathula agelaea'' Hay & Ball, 1979 * ''Spathula alba'' Allison, 1997 * ''Spathula camara'' Ball, 1977 * ''Spathula dittae'' Ball & Tran, 1979 * ''Spathula foeni'' Ball, 1977 * ''Spathula fontinalis'' (Nurse, 1950) * ''Spathula gourbaultae'' Ball, 1977 * ''Spathula limicola'' (Nurse, 1950) * ''Spathula miserabile'' Sluys & Grant, 2006 * ''Spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caenoplaninae
Caenoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Rhynchodeminae mostly found throughout the Australasian and Oceanian realms. Description The tribe Caenoplanini is defined as containing land planarians with multiple eyes along the body, which do not spread dorsally, ventrally located testes and a thick layer of longitudinal muscles. Phylogeny and systematics Based on morphological evidence, species now classified as Caenoplanini were initially considered a subfamily, Caenoplaninae, and sister group of the subfamily Geoplaninae. Both were united by the presence of multiple eyes along the body and distinguished from each other by the presence of dorsal testes in Geoplaninae and ventral ones in Caenoplaninae. However, molecular studies revealed that this classification was artificial and that Caenoplaninae were actually closely related to Rhynchodeminae. Therefore, recent classification puts the former subfamilies Rhynchodeminae and Caenoplaninae as tribes, respectively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
