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Caenoplaninae
Caenoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Rhynchodeminae mostly found throughout the Australasian and Oceanian realms. Description The tribe Caenoplanini is defined as containing land planarians with multiple eyes along the body, which do not spread dorsally, ventrally located testes and a thick layer of longitudinal muscles. Phylogeny and systematics Based on morphological evidence, species now classified as Caenoplanini were initially considered a subfamily, Caenoplaninae, and sister group of the subfamily Geoplaninae. Both were united by the presence of multiple eyes along the body and distinguished from each other by the presence of dorsal testes in Geoplaninae and ventral ones in Caenoplaninae. However, molecular studies revealed that this classification was artificial and that Caenoplaninae were actually closely related to Rhynchodeminae. Therefore, recent classification puts the former subfamilies Rhynchodeminae and Caenoplaninae as tribes, respectively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Planarians
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment. Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. At the other extreme, one species in this family, ''Platydemus manokwari'' has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endeavouria
''Endeavouria'' is a monotypic genus of land planarians from the Pacific region. It contains a single species, ''Endeavouria septemlineata''. Description The genus ''Endeavouria'' is similar to other closely related genera, such as ''Caenoplana'' and '' Kontikia'', but can be differentiated by the narrower creeping sole and a thick layer of longitudinal muscle fibers beneath the ventral nerve plate. . ''Endeavouria septemlineata'' is a small land planarian, reaching about in length. The dorsal side may appear completely black at first sight, but a closer look reveals that it has a light-brown background. There are seven dark longitudinal stripes running along the body: one narrown dark-brown stripe, two lateral broad black stripes with diffuse margins, two paramarginal stripes and two marginal stripes. The dorsal color is visible between the median and lateral stripes and between the lateral and paramarginal stripes. The ventral side and the region between the paramarginal an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchodeminae
Rhynchodeminae is a subfamily of land planarians with a worldwide distribution. Phylogeny and systematics Based on morphological evidence, especially the presence of a single pair of eyes, the subfamily Rhynchodeminae initially encompassed only the species in the current tribe Rhynchodemini and was considered the sister group of subfamily Microplaninae.Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1988). ''Index to the species of the family Rhynchodemidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Rhynchodeminae.'' Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 26: 39-91. The remaining tribes were considered closely related to the subfamily Geoplaninae due to the presence of multiple eyes along the body. However, molecular studies revealed that this classification was artificial and that the Rhynchodeminae were closely related to Caenoplaninae. Therefore, recent classification puts the former Rhynchodeminae as a tribe, Rynchodemini, inside an expanded subfamily Rhynchodeminae that also contains the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pimea
''Pimea'' is a genus of land planarians that currently contains a single species, ''Pimea monticola'', from the central highlands of New Caledonia. Description ''Pimea monticola'' is characterized by an expanded anterior end with a musculo-glandular organ in the form of an adhesive pad. The cutaneous longitudinal musculature is partially insunk into the mesenchyma and originates a retractor muscle associated to the musculo-glandular organ. The mesenchymal musculature is weak. The copulatory apparatus lacks adenodactyls and has an intra-antral penis papilla. Etymology The genus name ''Pimea'' comes from a pre-colonial Melanesian clan, the Pime, that lived in an area close to the type-locality. The specific epithet ''monticola'' comes from Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newzealandia
''Newzealandia'' is a genus of land planarian Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive proper ...s from New Zealand. Description Species of the genus ''Newzealandia'' are characterized by a copulatory apparatus that lacks a penis papilla and has a series of accessory glands embedded into the wall of the atrial cavity. Those glands are similar to the adenodactyls found in the closely related genus '' Artioposthia'', the main difference being that adenodactyls project into the atrial cavity. Etymology The name ''Newzealandia'' comes from New Zealand, the country in which the species of the genus are found. Species The genus ''Newzealandia'' includes the following species: *'' Newzealandia agricola'' (Dendy, 1895) *'' Newzealandia graffii'' (Dendy, 1895) *'' Newzealandia inaequabil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kontikia
''Kontikia'' is a genus of land planarians native from islands in the Indo-Pacific region, but several species have been introduced elsewhere. Description The genus ''Kontikia'' includes planarians of elongate body, with a creeping sole that occupies one to two thirds of the body width. The mesenchymal musculature includes well-developed longitudinal muscles forming a ring zone around the intestine. The copulatory apparatus may or may not have a distinct penis papilla, depending on the degree of contraction of the reproductive structures. This led to an initial classification of specimens without a distinct penis papilla in another genus, ''Parakontikia''. Genetics The complete mitochondrial genome of ''Kontikia ventrolineata'' (= ''Parakontikia ventrolineata'') was described in 2020. It displays common unusual characteristics shared with ''Platydemus manokwari'', such as its colinearity, an overlap between '' ND4L'' and '' ND4'' genes and an unusually long ''cox2'' gene. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artioposthia
''Artioposthia'' is a genus of land planarians from the Australasian and Indo-Pacific countries. Several species have also been introduced in Europe. Description Species of ''Artioposthia'' are characterized by a cylindrical pharynx and ovaries placed anteriorly to the male copulatory apparatus, close to the brain or to the pharynx. The copulatory apparatus has a series of paired glandular organs called adenodactyls. ''Artioposthia'' is very similar to the closely related genus ''Arthurdendyus'', the main difference being the position of the ovaries and the shape of the pharynx. Species The genus ''Artioposthia'' includes the following species: *''Artioposthia adelaidensis'' (Dendy, 1892) *''Artioposthia civis'' Cardale, 1941 *''Artioposthia diemenensis'' (Dendy, 1894) *''Artioposthia dovei'' (Steel, 1900) *''Artioposthia exulans'' (Dendy, 1901) *''Artioposthia fletcheri'' (Dendy, 1891) *''Artioposthia garveyi'' (Dendy, 1901) *''Artioposthia glandulosa'' Fyfe, 1956 *''Artiopos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australopacifica
''Australopacifica'' is a genus of land planarians of the tribe Caenoplanini. It was erected to include species lacking sufficient morphological information to allow them to be classified in the appropriate genus. '' Australopacifica atrata'' (Steel, 1897), a species originally described from New South Wales, Australia has invaded the United Kingdom since 2015. Its complete mitogenome was described in 2022, and found to be similar to that of other Rhynchodeminae. Taxonomy Many species of land planarians described during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century were classified based solely on external characters. Currently, the land planarian genera are highly based on internal anatomy, especially the anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. As a result, species with old descriptions that were never redescribed, so that their internal anatomy remains unknown, cannot be assigned to the correct genus. Thus, the genus ''Australopacifica'' was erected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coleocephalus
''Coleocephalus'' is a genus of land planarians that currently contains a single species, ''Coleocephalus fuscus'', from Enderby Island, New Zealand. Description The genus ''Coleocephalus'' is characterized by an anterior end that is curved downwards and partially covers an oval glandular area on the ventral surface. This glandular area has a folded epithelium with gland cells and openings of glands from the mesenchyme Mesenchyme () is a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells that give rise to most tissues, such as skin, blood or bone. The interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium help to form nearly every o .... The copulatory apparatus has adenodactyls and a penis papilla. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4994633 Geoplanidae Rhabditophora genera Worms of New Zealand Fauna of the Auckland Islands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reomkago
''Reomkago'' is a genus of land planarians from Australia. Description The genus ''Reomkago'' is characterized by having an elongate body that is quadrangular in cross section, the dorsal and ventral surfaces being flat and lateral surfaces sloping inwards. The creeping sole occupies less than 50% of the body with. The eyes are small and arranged along the body margins in a single row from the anterior to the posterior end. The parenchymal musculature includes weak longitudinal muscles generally restricted to a ventral plate and very strong dorso-ventral muscles that give the planarian its quadrangular shape. The copulatory apparatus has a penis papilla and lacks adenodactyls or other accessory glands. Etymology The name ''Reomkago'' is a combination of the initials of Robert E. Ogren (REO) and Masaharu Kawakatsu (MK) with the sufix ''-ago'', from Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenkunya
''Lenkunya'' is a genus of land planarians from Australia. Description Species of the genus ''Lenkunya'' are characterized by having body that is broadly convex dorsally and flat ventrally. The creeping sole occupies 70–80% of the body width. The eyes form a single row around the anterior tip, are crowded antero-laterally and continue posteriorly in a staggered row. The parenchymal musculature is strong and includes a ring zone of circulo-oblique fibers. The copulatory apparatus has a well-developed penis papilla and lacks adenodactyls or other accessory glands. Etymology The name ''Lenkunya'' comes from an aboriginal Aborigine, aborigine or aboriginal may refer to: *Aborigines (mythology), in Roman mythology * Indigenous peoples, general term for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area *One of several groups of indigenous peoples, see ... word meaning beautiful. Species The genus ''Lenkunya'' includes the following species: References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
