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Masovian Dialect Group
The Masovian dialect group ( pl, dialekt mazowiecki), also Mazovian, is a dialect group of the Polish language spoken in Mazovia and historically related regions, in northeastern Poland. It is the most distinct of the Polish dialects and the most expansive. Mazovian dialects may exhibit such features as mazurzenie, sandhi (intervocalic voicing of obstruents on word boundaries), and asynchronous palatal pronunciation of labial consonants (so-called softening). Characteristics include: * Depalatalization of velars before and palatalization of velars before historical ; e.g. standard Polish ''rękę'', ''nogę'' ('arm', 'leg', in the accusative case) is rendered , respectively instead of , ; * sequences realized instead of ; * merger of the retroflex series sz, ż, cz, dż into the alveolar s, z, c, dz; * > before certain consonants; * the Old Polish dual number marker -''wa'' continues to be attached to verbs; * Standard Polish and merged with and respectively, in most si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is divided into Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, seventh largest EU country, covering a combined area of . It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordering seven countries. The territory is characterised by a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and Temperate climate, temperate transitional climate. The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Humans have been present on Polish soil since the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Glacial Period over 12,000 years ago. Culturally diverse throughout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandhi
Sandhi ( sa, सन्धि ' , "joining") is a cover term for a wide variety of sound changes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries. Examples include fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of one sound depending on nearby sounds or the grammatical function of the adjacent words. Sandhi belongs to morphophonology. Sandhi occurs in many languages, particularly in the phonology of Indian languages (especially Sanskrit, Tamil, Sinhala, Telugu, Marathi, Hindi, Pali, Kannada, Bengali, Assamese, Malayalam). Many dialects of British English show linking and intrusive R. A subset of sandhi called tone sandhi more specifically refers to tone changes between words and syllables. This is a common feature of many tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese. Types Internal and external sandhi Sandhi can be either * internal, at morpheme boundaries within words, such as ''syn- + pathy'': ''sympathy'', or * external, at word boundaries, such as the pronunciation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Białystok Dialect
Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok Uplands of the Podlachian Plain on the banks of the Biała River, by road northeast of Warsaw. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the nearby border with Belarus also being the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok. The city has a warm summer continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Białystok's character and occupy around (18% of the administrative area of the city) which places it as the fifth-most forested city in Poland. The first settlers arrived in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podlachia Dialect
The Podlachia dialect ( pl, gwary podlaskie) belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Suwałki dialect to the north, the Masurian dialects to the far northwest, the Far Mazovian dialect to the west, the Near Mazovian dialect to the southwest, the Lesser Polish Eastern Greater Polish dialect to the south, and the Northern Borderlands dialect to the east. Often features exist here on a spectrum, where the further east one is the more influence from East Slavic languages one can see. The perception of Podlasian as a regional lect is quite strong, and often code-switching between it and Standard Polish occurs, with different levels of use of the dialect depending on the region. Often Standard Polish is preferred here. Phonology Typical of Masovian dialects, devoicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here, including before clitics. Atypical of Masovian dialects is the partial presence of mazuration, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurpie Dialect
The Kurpie dialect ( pl, gwara kurpiowska) belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Masurian dialects to the north and the Far Mazovian dialect to the south. The Kurpie dialect is generally well preserved, and a strong cultural connection to the dialect can be felt amongst speakers. Standard Polish is used by most people in the region, often alongside Kurpian, and code-switching between the two frequently happens. Phonology Typical of Masovian dialects, devoicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here, including before clitics. Also typical of Masovian dialects is the presence of mazuration, however, due to influence from Standard Polish, this is disappearing. Vowels y phonemically merges with i (approaching it phonetically to ɪ), leaving the hardness of the previous consonant as the main phonemic determining factor: potraw·i (potrawy). Often the group er shifts to ir: dopsiro. Ablaut is often level ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far Mazovian Dialect
The Far Masovian dialect ( pl, gwary Mazowsza dalszego) belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Near Mazovian dialect to the south, the Podlachia dialect to the east, the Kurpie dialect and Masurian dialects to the north. and the Greater Polish Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect to the west. Generally this dialect is fading, and many typical Masovian features are being replaced with Standard Polish features. Phonology Typical of Masovian dialects, devoicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here, including before clitics. This does not affect prepositions. Also typical of Masovian dialects is the presence of masuration, but it is now a sporadic change, and forms not having undergone masuration are more common. Hypercorrections may also occur. Vowels The shift of initial ja-, ra- > je-, re- is present but limited to particular words: jek (jak), remię (ramię). Often this process is undone, as well. The shif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near Mazovian Dialect
The Near Masovian dialect () belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Łowicz dialect to the southwest, the Lesser Polish Masovian Borderland dialect to the south, the Western Lublin dialect to the southeast, the Podlachia dialect to the east, the Far Mazovian dialect to the north, the Greater Polish Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect to the northwest, the Kujawy dialect to the west, and the Lesser Polish Sieradz dialect to the southwest. The Near Masovian dialect is a younger dialect compared to others, and often is influenced by Polish from the capital. Phonology Typical of Masovian dialects, devoicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Masovian dialects is the presence of masuration. Vowels The shift of initial ja-, ra- > je-, re- is present but limited to particular words: jek (jak), remię (ramię). Ablaut is often levelled: wymietał (wymiatał). Medial -ar- sporadically chang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łowicz Dialect
The Łowicz dialect or the Księżak dialect is a dialect of Polish spoken by the ethnic group of Łowiczans (Księżaks) inhabiting the historical region known as the around the cities of Łowicz and Skierniewice in south-western Masovia. It belongs to the Masovian dialect group and borders the Near Mazovian dialect to the north, the Lesser Polish Masovian Borderland dialect to the east, and the Łęczyca dialect to the south and west. The classification of the Łowicz dialect is debated. In the past it has been considered a Lesser Polish dialect, but there are many features placing it within the Masovian group. The Łowicz dialect shows many transitional features between Masovia, Lesser Poland and Greater Poland. Phonology Typical of Greater Polish as well as Lesser Polish dialects, voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here, including before clitics. Some villages show devoicing under influence from Standard Polish. Typical of Masovian and L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suwałki Dialect
Suwałki ( lt, Suvalkai; yi, סואוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with a population of 69,206 (2021). It is the capital of Suwałki County and one of the most important centers of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Suwałki is the largest city and the capital of the historical Suwałki Region. Until 1999 it was the capital of Suwałki Voivodeship. Suwałki is located about from the southwestern Lithuanian border and gives its name to the Polish protected area known as Suwałki Landscape Park. The Czarna Hańcza river flows through the city. Etymology The name derives from Lithuanian ''su-'' (near) and ''valka'' (creek, marsh), with the combined meaning "place near a small river or swampy area". History The area of Suwałki had been populated by local Yotvingian and Prussian tribes since the early Middle Ages. However, with the arrival of the Teutonic Order to Yotvingia, their lands were conquered and remained largely depopulated in the following centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masurian Dialects
The Masurian ethnolect (Masurian: ''mazurská gádkä''; ; ), according to some linguists, is a dialect group of the Polish language; others consider Masurian to be a separate language, spoken by the Masurian people in northeastern Poland. The dialect belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland as well as parts of Siberia. It borders the Lubawa dialect to the far southwest, the Ostróda dialect and Warmia dialect to the west, the new mixed dialects to the north, the Suwałki dialect to the east, marginally the Podlachia dialect to the far east, and the Kurpie dialect and Far Mazovian dialect to the south. History From the 14th century, some settlers from Masovia started to settle in southern Prussia, which had been devastated by the crusades of the Teutonic Knights against the native Old Prussians. According to other sources, people from Masovia did not move to southern Prussia until the time of the Protestant Reformation, Prussia having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warmia Dialect
The Warmia dialect ( pl, gwara warmińska) belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Ostróda dialect to the west, the Masurian dialects to the south, and the new mixed dialects to the east and north. Phonology Typical of Masovian dialects, devoicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Atypical of Masovian dialects is the absence of mazuration. Sporadic masuration can be found amongst some speakers as a result of Masurian influence: pietruska (pietruszka). More common here instead is jabłonkowanie: ciaszka (czaszka), ciasam (czasem), with much variation, especially for cz, sz. However, most common is a realization that of Standard Polish. Similarly, ś, ź, ć, and dź may be realized in many ways. Most commonly they are realized as in Standard Polish: siano (siano); they may sometimes harden to szi, żi, czi, and dżi or sz, ż, cz: sziano, szano (siano), and dż, or least commonly kaszubienie may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostróda Dialect
The Ostróda dialect ( pl, gwara ostródzka) belongs to the Masovian dialect group, but is sometimes considered part of the new mixed dialects, and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Lubawa dialect to the west, the Masurian dialects to the south, the Warmia dialect to the east, and the new mixed dialects to the north. Phonology Typical of Masovian dialects, devoicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here, including before clitics. Atypical of Masovian dialects but typical of Greater Polish dialects is the absence of masuration. Sporadic masuration can be found amongst some speakers as a result of Masurian influence: pietruska (pietruszka). More common here instead is jabłonkowanie: cziapka (czapka), ciasam (czasem), with much variation, especially for cz, sz. However, most common is a realization that of Standard Polish. Similarly, ś, ź, ć, and dź can be realized in many ways. Most often, they are realized as in Standard Polish: si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
