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Luostari (inhabited Locality)
Luostari (, between 1920 and 1944) is a rural locality (an inhabited locality) in Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located near the Norway–Russia border. Population: 2,260 ( 2010 Census). History According to the Tartu Peace Treaty in 1920, Soviet Russia recognized Petsamo and Luostari as part of Finland. The locality was known as Ylä-Luostari ('Upper Monastery') to differ it from ("Lower Monastery", by the Pechenga Bay, nowadays part of Pechenga (urban-type settlement)) and it had 47 residents. There was also a youth hostel called Lohilinna, which was owned by Suomen Matkailijayhdistys (Finnish Tourist Association) since 1935. Lohilinna was destroyed during the Winter War. During Interim Peace Finnish National Air Carrier Aero operated the route Helsinki-Petsamo through the airfield of Ylä-Luostari, which had been completed just before Winter War in November 1939. In 1942, during the Continuation War (1941–1944), Finland gave the airfield for the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of . Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Murmansk. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was 795,409, but at the 2021 Census this had declined to 667,744. Geography Geographically, Murmansk Oblast is located mainly on the Kola Peninsula almost completely north of the Arctic Circle''2007 Atlas of Murmansk Oblast'', p. 2 and is a part of the larger Sápmi, Sápmi (Lapland) region that spans over four countries.Ratcliffe, p. 1 The oblast borders with the Republic of Karelia in Russia in the south, Lapland, Finland, L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pechenga Bay
Pechenga Bay (, ; also ''Petsamo Fjord'' and ''Pechenga Fjord'') is a fjord-like bay of the Barents Sea on the Kola Peninsula in the Murmansk Oblast, Russia, about 25 km east from the border with Norway. It has rocky shores and stretches inland for 17 km. The Pechenga River discharges into the bay. The settlements of Pechenga and Liinakhamari are located on the shores of the bay. The area was part of Finland from 1920 until 1944. The shores if the bay are surrounded by fells, such as () and ("Triphon's Fell", after Saint Tryphon of Pechenga), both on the western side of the bay. The Pechenga Monastery, formerly known as the Tryphon-Pechenga Monastery is by Pechenga near the bay. A depopulated village of is on the western side. A 1909 Russian book by counter admiral Aleksandr Sidensner gives the following description: See also *List of fjords of Russia This is a list of the most important fjords of the Russian Federation. Fjords In spite of the vastness of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Armistice
The Moscow Armistice was signed between Finland on one side and the Soviet Union and United Kingdom on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending the Continuation War. The Armistice restored the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940, with a number of modifications. The Paris Peace Treaties, 1947, final peace treaty between Finland and many of the Allies of World War II, Allies was signed in Paris in 1947. Conditions for peace The conditions for peace were similar to what had been agreed in the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940: Finland was obliged to cede parts of Karelia and Salla, as well as certain islands in the Gulf of Finland. The new armistice also handed all of Pechengsky District, Petsamo to the Soviet Union, and Finland was further compelled to lease Porkkala Naval Base, Porkkala to the Soviet Union for a period of fifty years (the area was returned to Finnish control in 1956). Territories ceded to the Soviet Union constituted approximately 11.50% (44,106.23 km2) of Finland's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe () was the aerial warfare, aerial-warfare branch of the before and during World War II. German Empire, Germany's military air arms during World War I, the of the Imperial German Army, Imperial Army and the of the Imperial German Navy, Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, which banned Germany from having any air force. During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk (air base), Lipetsk Air Base in the Soviet Union. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the Luftwaffe's existence was publicly acknowledged and officially established on 26 February 1935, just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German rearmament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a Luftwaffe detachment sent to aid Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet–Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. It began with a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941 and ended on 19 September 1944 with the Moscow Armistice. The Soviet Union and Finland had previously fought the Winter War from 1939 to 1940, which ended with the Soviet failure to conquer Finland and the Moscow Peace Treaty. Numerous reasons have been proposed for the Finnish decision to invade, with regaining territory lost during the Winter War regarded as the most common. Other justifications for the conflict include Finnish President Risto Ryti's vision of a Greater Finland and Commander-in-Chief Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim's desire to annex East Karelia. The following paragraph contains a bundle of cites for the Finnish participation in the siege of Leningrad, which is a commonly debated complex issue in the article (see talk).--> On 22 June 1941 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnair
Finnair Plc (, ) is the flag carrier and largest full-service legacy airline of Finland, with headquarters in Vantaa on the grounds of Helsinki Airport, its airline hub, hub. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both domestic and international air travel in Finland. Its major shareholder is the government of Finland, which owns 55.9% of its shares. Finnair is a member of the Oneworld airline alliance. Founded in 1923, Finnair is List of airlines by foundation date, the fifth oldest airline in continuous operation and is consistently listed as one of the safest in the world. The company's slogans are ''Designed for you'' and ''The Nordic Way.'' History Founding In 1923, consul Bruno Lucander founded Finnair as Aero O/Y (''Aero Ltd''). The company code, "AY", stands for Aero Osakeyhtiö, Osake-yhtiö ("yhtiö" means "company" in Finnish). Lucander had previously run the Finnish operations of the Estonian airline Aeronaut. In mid 1923, he concluded an agreement with Junkers F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interim Peace
The Interim Peace (, ) was a short period in the history of Finland during the Second World War. The term is used for the time between the Winter War and the Continuation War, lasting a little over 15 months, from 13 March 1940 to 24 June 1941. The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940 and it ended the 105-day Winter War. In the aftermath of the Winter War, both the Soviet Union and Finland were preparing for a new war while the Soviets pressured the Finns politically. In early 1940 Finland sued for an alliance with Sweden but both the Soviet Union and Germany opposed it. In April, Germany occupied Denmark and Norway. In June the Soviet Union occupied the Baltic states. The next year, Finland negotiated its participation in the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. Background The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the Winter War The 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact clarified Soviet–German relations and enabled the Soviet Union to bring p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winter War
The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. Despite superior military strength, especially in tanks and aircraft, the Soviet Union suffered severe losses and initially made little headway. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from its organization. The Soviets made several demands, including that Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere, claiming security reasonsprimarily the protection of Leningrad, from the Finnish border. When Finland refused, the Soviets invaded. Most sources conclude that the Soviet Union had intended to conquer all of Finland, and cite the establishment of the Finnish Democratic Republic, puppet Finnish Communist government and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pechenga (urban-type Settlement)
Pechenga (; Finnish and ; ; ; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pechengsky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Pechenga Urban Settlement of Pechengsky Municipal District. Population: History The Pechenga area has been indigenously inhabited by the Finnic KvensJulku, Kyösti: ''Kvenland - Kainuunmaa''. With English summary: ''The Ancient territory of Kainuu''. Oulu, 1986. and the Sami. The settlement was founded by Russians as the Pechenga Monastery in 1533 at the influx of the Pechenga River into the Barents Sea, 135 km west of modern Murmansk. St. Tryphon of Pechenga, a monk from Novgorod is considered to be the founder of Pechenga Monastery. In 1533, the area became part of Russia. Inspired by the model of the Solovki, Tryphon wished to convert the local Sami population to Christianity and to demonstrate how faith could flourish in the most inhospitable lands. His example was eagerly followed by other Russian m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Russia
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was a socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic . Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. The Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pechengsky District
Pechengsky District (; ; ; ; ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.Law #96-01-ZMO As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Pechengsky Municipal District.Law #539-01-ZMO It is located in the northwest of the oblast, on the coast of the Barents Sea (by the Rybachy Peninsula, which is a part of the district) and borders Finland in the south and southwest and Norway in the west, northwest, and north. The area of the district is .Charter of Pechengsky District Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Nikel. Its population was The population of Nikel accounts for 32.8% of the district's total population. History Russian settlement The area was long inhabited by the indigenous Sami people. The border between Norway and Russia was not defined in terms of land, instead the Treaty of Novgorod (1326) specified which indigenous, nomadic families had to pay their taxes to which government. In 1533, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
