Moscow Armistice
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The Moscow Armistice was signed between
Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
on one side and the
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and
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on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending the
Continuation War The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet–Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. It began with a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941 and ended on 19 ...
. The Armistice restored the
Moscow Peace Treaty The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War, upon which Finland ceded border areas to the Soviet Union. The ...
of 1940, with a number of modifications. The final peace treaty between Finland and many of the
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was signed in
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in 1947.


Conditions for peace

The conditions for peace were similar to what had been agreed in the
Moscow Peace Treaty The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War, upon which Finland ceded border areas to the Soviet Union. The ...
of 1940: Finland was obliged to cede parts of
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and Salla, as well as certain islands in the
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. The new armistice also handed all of Petsamo to the Soviet Union, and Finland was further compelled to lease Porkkala to the Soviet Union for a period of fifty years (the area was returned to Finnish control in 1956). Territories ceded to the Soviet Union constituted approximately 11.50% (44,106.23 km2) of Finland's territory (382,561.23 km2) prior to the Winter War and the Continuation War as dictated by the Treaty of Tartu. Other conditions included Finnish payment of nearly $300,000,000 ($ in today's US dollars) in the form of various commodities over six years to the Soviet Union as war reparations. Finland also agreed to legalise the
Communist Party of Finland The Communist Party of Finland (, SKP; ) was a communist political party in Finland. The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944. The SKP was banned by the state from its founding and did not participate in any elec ...
(after it had made some changes to the party rules) and ban parties that the Soviet Union considered
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. Further, the individuals that the Soviets considered responsible for the war had to be arrested and put on trial, the best-known case being that of
Risto Ryti Risto Heikki Ryti (; 3 February 1889 – 25 October 1956) was a Finnish people, Finnish politician who served as the fifth president of Finland from 1940 to 1944. Ryti started his career as a politician in the field of economics and as a politica ...
.Jakobson, Max (former Finnish Ambassador to the UN)
Finnish wartime leaders on trial for "war guilt" 60 years ago
'
Helsingin Sanomat , abbreviated ''HS'' and colloquially known as , is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma. Except after certain holidays, it is published daily. Its name derives from that of the Finnish capital ...
International edition, 28 October 2005
The armistice compelled Finland to drive German troops from its territory, leading to a military campaign in Lapland.


Surrendered territory


See also

*
Moscow Peace Treaty The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War, upon which Finland ceded border areas to the Soviet Union. The ...
of 1940 * Allied Control Commission (Finland) *
Finlandization Finlandization () is the process by which one powerful country makes a smaller neighboring country refrain from opposing the former's foreign policy rules, while allowing it to keep its nominal independence and its own political system. The term ...
*
Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces The Armistice of Cassibile (Italian language, Italian: ''Armistizio di Cassibile'') was an armistice that was signed on 3 September 1943 by Kingdom of Italy, Italy and the Allies of World War II, Allies, marking the end of hostilities between It ...
* Bulgarian coup d'état of 1944 *
King Michael's Coup King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a constitutional monarch if his power is restrained by ...
* Karelian question, contemporary debate on the status of the ceded territories


References

{{reflist


Further reading

* Malbone W. Graham. (1945). "Armistices – 1944 Style". ''The American Journal of International Law'' 39, 2: 286–95.


External links


Text of the Armistice Agreement
Continuation War Peace treaties of Finland 1944 in Finland 1944 in Russia Treaties of the Soviet Union Finland–Soviet Union relations World War II treaties Moscow (1944) Treaties concluded in 1944 Treaties entered into force in 1944 September 1944 in Europe Moscow in World War II 1944 in Moscow Treaties involving territorial changes