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Israel Zinberg
Israel Zinberg (also known as Srul, Izrail, Yisroel Tsinberg; born Sergei Lazarevich Tsinberg) (1872 or 1873 – 1938, 1939 or 1943) was a History of the Jews in Russia, Russian-Jewish chemist and a historian of Jewish literature. His work is significant in the field of Yiddish literature and Jewish literary history. Biography Zinberg was born into a Hasidic family in Lanivtsi, Lanovka, near Kremenets. His father had become an ardent ''maskil''. He attended Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, where he received a chemical engineering degree in 1895, and a doctorate from Basle University the same year. In 1898 he got a job as the manager of a chemical lab at the Kirov Plant, Putilov Plant in St. Petersburg where he worked until he was arrested in 1938. While abroad he became interested in Marxism, but it lost its attraction for him before his return to Russia in 1897. In 1914 he wrote in a letter to Samuel Niger, "In my younger years I went for a time to the Marxist synagogue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanivtsi
Lanivtsi (, ; ; ; ) is a city in Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Lanivtsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 8,680 (2001). History Lanivtsi received a town charter in 1545 from the Polish king. Until the Partitions of Poland, it was part of Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795), Volhynian Voivodeship. Ashkenazy Jews, Ashkenazi Jews began to settle there later. In 1795–1918, Lanivtsi was occupied by the Russian Empire. In 1897 the Jewish population numbered 1,174 of a total of 2,525 in the city. Numbers of Jews were killed in pogroms, and others immigrated to Western Europe or the United States. By 1921 the population in the city was 640. There was a Tarbut school and a yeshiva, and many of the younger people became Zionism, Zionists. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Baer Levinsohn
Isaac Baer Levinsohn (; October 13, 1788 – February 13, 1860), also known as the Ribal (), was a Jewish scholar of Hebrew, a satirist, a writer and Haskalah leader. He has been called "the Moses Mendelssohn, Mendelssohn of Russia." In his ''Bet Yehudah'' (1837), he formulated a philosophy and described Jewish contributions to civilization in an effort to improve Christianity and Judaism, Jewish-Christian relations. Biography Early life and education His father, Judah Levin, was a grandson of Jekuthiel Solomon, who settled in Kremenetz and acquired considerable wealth, and a son of Isaac, who had married the daughter of Zalman Cohen, famed for his wealth and scholarship. Levinsohn's father was a wealthy merchant and was popular among Jews and Gentiles alike. He was a master of Polish language, Polish, wrote fluently in Biblical Hebrew, classical Hebrew (at that time a rare accomplishment), and was a thorough Talmudic scholar. At the age of three Levinsohn was sent to the ''chede ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Weinreich
Max Weinreich ( ''Maks Vaynraych''; , ''Meyer Lazarevich Vaynraykh''; 22 April 1894 – 29 January 1969) was a Russian- American-Jewish linguist, specializing in sociolinguistics and Yiddish, and the father of the linguist Uriel Weinreich, who, a sociolinguistic innovator, edited the ''Modern Yiddish-English English-Yiddish Dictionary''. He is known for increasing language awareness of Yiddish as a standardized language; he popularised the phrase ''" A language is a dialect with an army and navy"''. Biography Weinreich began his studies in a German school in Goldingen (modern Kuldīga), transferring to the gymnasium in Libau (modern Liepāja) after four years. He then lived in Daugavpils and Łódź. Between 1909 and 1912, he resided in Saint Petersburg, where he attended I. G. Eizenbet's private Jewish gymnasium for boys. He was raised in a German-speaking family but became fascinated with Yiddish. In the early 1920s, Weinreich lived in Germany and pursued studies in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon Birnbaum
Solomon Asher Birnbaum, also ''Salomo Birnbaum'' ( ''Shloyme Birnboym'', December 24, 1891 – December 28, 1989) was a Yiddish linguist and Hebrew palaeographer who was born in Vienna and died in Toronto.Birnbaum, Salomo (Solomon Asher Birnbaum) (2002). In: ''Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft, 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert''. Ed. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. Vol. 1, A-I. Munich: Saur. p. 126. Biography Birnbaum, born in Vienna, was the oldest son of Nathan Birnbaum and Rosa Korngut. He was an[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ber Borokhov
Dov Ber Borochov (; – 17 December 1917) was a Marxist Zionist and one of the founders of the Labor Zionist movement. He was also a pioneer in the study of the Yiddish language. Biography Dov Ber Borochov was born in the town of Zolotonosha, Russian Empire (now in Ukraine), and grew up in nearby Poltava. His mother and father were both teachers. As an adult he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party but was expelled when he formed a Zionist Socialist Workers Union in Yekaterinoslav. After being arrested by the Russian authorities, he left for the United States. Subsequently, he helped form the Poale Zion (Workers of Zion) party and devoted his life to promoting the party in Russia, Europe, and America. When the Russian social democrats came to power, Borochov returned to Russia in March 1917 to lead the Poale Zion. He became ill and died in Kiev of pneumonia in December 1917. Ideology Borochov became highly influential in the Zionist movement because h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moritz Steinschneider
Moritz Steinschneider (; 30 March 1816 – 24 January 1907) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist, and an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history. He is credited as having invented the term ''antisemitism.'' Education Moritz Steinschneider was born in Prostějov, Moravia, in 1816. He received his early instruction in Hebrew from his father, Jacob Steinschneider ( 1782; March 1856), who was not only an expert Talmudist, but was also well versed in secular science. The house of the elder Steinschneider was the rendezvous of a few progressive Hebraists, among whom was his brother-in-law, the physician and writer Gideon Brecher. At the age of six Steinschneider was sent to the public school, which was still an uncommon choice for Jews in the Austro-Hungarian empire at the time; and at the age of thirteen he became the pupil of Rabbi Nahum Trebitsch, whom he followed to Mikulov, Moravia in 1832. The following year, in order to continue his Talmud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Kahana
David Kohn (1838–1915) was a Russian archaeologist and Hebrew writer. He was born at Odessa and received a rabbinic education, but at the age of fourteen he took up the study of medieval literature and modern languages, and soon afterward, history and archaeology. Some of his early writings included essays on fossil animals, the life of Rabbi Solomon Bennet, the Messianic movement, and the origin of Hasidism. He also contributed to "Ha-Shiloaḥ." Kohn was editor of the Aḥiasaf edition of Abraham ibn Ezra's "Diwan" (1894), as well as of Jacob Emden's autobiography and various other important works. He was also the first to attack Heinrich Graetz's criticism of the Biblical text, and to defend the Masorah. Besides the works already mentioned, he published: ''Meḥḳere Ḳohelet ben Dawid'', a historico-critical introduction to the Book of Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes ( ) is one of the Ketuvim ('Writings') of the Hebrew Bible and part of the Wisdom literature of the Chris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Kaufmann
David Kaufmann (7 June 1852 – 6 July 1899) (Hebrew: דוד קויפמן) was a Jewish-Austrian scholar born at Kojetín, Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). From 1861 to 1867 he attended the gymnasium at Kroměříž, Moravia, where he studied the Bible and Talmud with Jacob Brüll, rabbi of Kojetín, and with the latter's son Nehemiah. Life In 1867 he went to the Jewish Theological Seminary at Breslau, where he studied for ten years, attending at the same time the university of that city. In the summer of 1874 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig, and on 29 January 1877 he was ordained rabbi. In the latter year he declined the offer of a professorship at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Jewish Theological Seminary, preferring to accept instead the chairs of history, philosophy of religion, and homiletics at the newly founded Rabbinical Seminary of Budapest, which he continued to hold till his death. He also at the same time taught Greek language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold Zunz
Leopold Zunz (—''Yom Tov Tzuntz'', —''Lipmann Zunz''; 10 August 1794 – 17 March 1886) was the founder of academic Judaic Studies ('' Wissenschaft des Judentums''), the critical investigation of Jewish literature, hymnology and ritual. Nahum Glatzer, Pelger Grego"Zunz, Leopold" ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'' (2nd ed., 2007) Zunz's historical investigations and contemporary writings had an important influence on contemporary Judaism. Biography Leopold Zunz was born at Detmold, the son of Talmud scholar Immanuel Menachem Zunz (1759–1802) and Hendel Behrens (1773–1809), the daughter of Dov Beer, an assistant cantor of the Detmold community. The year following his birth his family moved to Hamburg, where, as a young boy, he began learning Hebrew grammar, the Pentateuch, and the Talmud. His father, who was his first teacher, died in July 1802, when Zunz was not quite eight years old.Kaufmann, David (1900).Zunz, Leopold" In: ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie''. Vol. 45, p. 490- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Dubnow
Simon Dubnow (alternatively spelled Dubnov; ; rus, Семён Ма́ркович Ду́бнов, Semyon Markovich Dubnov, sʲɪˈmʲɵn ˈmarkəvʲɪdʑ ˈdubnəf; 10 September 1860 – 8 December 1941) was a Jewish-Russian Empire, Russian historian, writer and activist. Life and career In 1860, Simon Dubnow was born Shimon Meyerovich Dubnow (Шимон Меерович Дубнов) to a large poor family in the Belarusian town of Mstsislaw (Mogilev Region). A native Yiddish language, Yiddish speaker, he received a traditional Jewish education in a ''heder'' and a ''yeshiva'', where Hebrew language, Hebrew was regularly spoken. Later Dubnow entered into a ''kazyonnoye yevreyskoe uchilishche'' (state Jewish school) where he learned Russian language, Russian. In the midst of his education, the May Laws eliminated these Jewish institutions, and Dubnow was unable to graduate; Dubnow persevered, independently pursuing his interests in history, philosophy, and linguistics. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haskalah
The ''Haskalah'' (; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world. It arose as a defined ideological worldview during the 1770s, and its last stage ended around 1881, with the rise of Autoemancipation, Jewish nationalism. The movement advocated against Jewish reclusiveness, encouraged the adoption of prevalent attire over traditional dress, while also working to diminish the authority of traditional community institutions such as rabbinic courts and boards of elders. It pursued a set of projects of cultural and moral renewal, including a revival of Hebrew for use in secular life, which resulted in an increase in Hebrew language, Hebrew found in print. Concurrently, it strove for an optimal integration in surrounding societies. Practitioners promoted the study of Exogeny, exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish National Council
The Jewish National Council (JNC; , ''Va'ad Le'umi''), also known as the Jewish People's Council and the General Council of the Jewish Community of Palestine was the main national executive organ of the Assembly of Representatives of the Jewish community (Yishuv) within Mandatory Palestine. Its responsibilities included education, culture, local government, welfare, healthcare, religious service, security and defense. Since 1928 it was also the official representative of the Yishuv to the British Mandate government. Established in 1920, it operated until 1948, when its functions were passed to the newly-established state of Israel. History The JNC, established in 1920 in order to conduct Jewish communal affairs, was created along with the Assembly of Representatives, whose members selected from among themselves the members of the National Council. The first Assembly consisted of 314 elected Representatives. The first chairman of the JNC was Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. The Hista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
