Lanivtsi (, ; ; ; ) is a city in

Kremenets Raion Kremenets Raion () is a raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Kremenets. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ternopil O ...

Ternopil Oblast Ternopil Oblast (), also referred to as Ternopilshchyna () or Ternopillia (), is an Oblasts of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its Capital (political), administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret (river), Seret, a tribu ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. It hosts the administration of Lanivtsi urban hromada, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine. Population: 8,680 (2001).

History

Lanivtsi received a town charter in 1545 from the Polish king. Until the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

, it was part of Volhynian Voivodeship.

Ashkenazi Jews Ashkenazi Jews ( ; also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim) form a distinct subgroup of the Jewish diaspora, that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally speak Yiddish, a language ...

began to settle there later. In 1795–1918, Lanivtsi was occupied by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

. In 1897 the Jewish population numbered 1,174 of a total of 2,525 in the city. Numbers of Jews were killed in

pogroms A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe late 19th- and early 20th-century attacks on Jews i ...

, and others immigrated to Western Europe or the United States. By 1921 the population in the city was 640. There was a

Tarbut The word Tarbut (תרבות) means "Culture" in Hebrew. The Tarbut movement was a network of secular, Hebrew-language schools in parts of the former Jewish Pale of Settlement, specifically in Poland, Romania and Lithuania. It operated primarily bet ...

school and a yeshiva, and many of the younger people became

Zionists Zionism is an ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century that aimed to establish and maintain a national home for the Jewish people, pursued through the colonization of Palestine, a region roughly cor ...

.Yad Vashem, "Lanowce", ''The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: K-Sered''
New York: NYU Press, 2001, p. 750 In the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...

between the world wars, Lanivtsi, known then as Łanowce, belonged to Krzemieniec County, Volhynian Voivodeship. For centuries, Lanivtsi was the center of an area of large estates that belonged to several noble families, such as the Jelowicki,

Wiśniowiecki The House of Wiśniowiecki () was a Princely houses of Poland and Lithuania, Polish-Lithuanian princely family of Ruthenian origin, notable in the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. They were powerful magnates with estates predo ...

Mniszech The House of Mniszech (plural: Mniszchowie, Polish surname#Feminine forms, historical feminine forms: Mniszchówna (unmarried), Mniszchowa (married or widow)) was a Polish magnate and szlachta, noble family bearing the Mniszech Coat of Arms. No ...

and Rzewuski. In 1939 the town was invaded by the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

, and then invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, with occupation starting July 3 of that year. The Germans created a Jewish

ghetto A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished than other ...

in Łanowce, where Jews worked as forced laborers. Jews from neighboring villages were transported and confined there in 1942. From August 13-14, 1942, 1,833 Jews were murdered beside open pits, where they were buried in mass graves. Few survived the Holocaust. Until 18 July 2020, Lanivtsi was the administrative center of

Lanivtsi Raion Lanivtsi Raion () was a raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Lanivtsi. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of ...

. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Lanivtsi Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion.

References

{{Authority control Lanivtsi urban hromada Cities in Ternopil Oblast Kremenetsky Uyezd Cities in Kremenets Raion Holocaust locations in Ukraine