|
GS-7
GS-7 is an organophosphorus anticholinesterase related to the organophosphate insecticide methamidophos Methamidophos, trade name "Monitor," is an organophosphate insecticide. Crops grown with the use of methamidophos include potatoes and some Latin American rice. Many nations have used methamidophos on crops, including developed nations such as Spa .... See also * Tabun * Dimefox * Mipafox * Schradan * MSPI References {{Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Methyl esters Phosphoramidodithioates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methamidophos
Methamidophos, trade name "Monitor," is an organophosphate insecticide. Crops grown with the use of methamidophos include potatoes and some Latin American rice. Many nations have used methamidophos on crops, including developed nations such as Spain, United States, Japan, and Australia. Due to its toxicity, the use of pesticides that contain methamidophos is currently being phased out in Brazil. In 2009, all uses in the United States were voluntarily canceled. Toxicity rates of 21 and 16 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. 10–30 mg/kg in rabbits, and dermal LD50 of 50 mg/kg in rats. It is rapidly absorbed through the stomach, lungs, and skin in humans, and eliminated primarily through urine. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Breakdown in soil is 6.1 days in sand, 309 days in water at pH 5.0, 27 days at pH 7.0, and 3 days at pH 9.0. Sunlight accelerates breakdown. It is uptaken through roots and leaves of plants. It is classified as a WHO Toxicit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organophosphate
In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure , a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents. They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Organophosphates are best known for their use as pesticides. Like most functional groups, organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, with important examples including key biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP, as well as many insecticides, herbicides, nerve agents and flame retardants. OPEs have been widely used in various products as flame retardants, plasticizers, and performance additives to engine oil. The low cost of production and compatibility to diverse polymers made OPEs to be widely used in industry including textile, furniture, electronics as plasticizers and flame retardants. These compounds are added to the final product physically rather than by chemical bond. Due to this, OPEs leak in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans. Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill. Sales In 2016 insecticides were estimated to account for 18% of worldwide pesticide sales. Worldwide sales of insecticides in 2018 were estimated as $ 18.4 billion, of which 25% were neonicotinoids, 17% were pyrethroids, 13% were diamides, and the rest were many other classes which sold for less th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabun (nerve Agent)
Tabun (military designation GA) is an extremely toxic compound of the organophosphate family. It is not present in nature. At room temperature, the pure compound is a clear and viscous liquid. However, impurities imparted during its manufacture are almost always present, turning it into a yellow or brown liquid. Exposed to environs, it slowly volatizes into the atmosphere, with the vapor having a slight fruity or almond-like odor. As the compound has a much higher molecular mass (162 g/mol) compared to air, Tabun gas tends to accumulate in low-lying areas. It is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme within the human body as well as in other animals. Acetylcholinesterase is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft by motor neurons. The presence of acetylcholine within the cleft signals the post-synaptic (downstream) motor neuron to contract the neuron's associated muscle fibers, and vice versa. By irreversibl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimefox
Dimefox, also known as TL-792 or T-2002, is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide. In its pure form it is a colourless liquid with a fishy odour. Dimefox was first produced in 1940 by the group of Gerhard Schrader in Germany. It was historically used as a pesticide, but has been deemed obsolete or discontinued for use by the World Health Organization It is not guaranteed that all commercial use of this compound ceased, but in most countries it is no longer registered for use as a pesticide.the WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification 2009/ref> It is considered an List of extremely hazardous substances, extremely hazardous substance as defined by the United States Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 is a United States federal law passed by the 99th United States Congress located at Title 42, Chapter 116 of the U.S. Code, concerned with emergency res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mipafox
Mipafox is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide that is an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and is resistant to cholinesterase reactivators. It was developed in the 1950s and is now believed to be no longer in use. Toxicity There are case reports of delayed neurotoxicity and paralysis due to acute exposure to mipafox. Synthesis Phosphoryl chloride is first reacted with isopropylamine. The resulting product is then reacted with potassium fluoride or ammonium fluoride to produce mipafox. See also *Dimefox Dimefox, also known as TL-792 or T-2002, is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide. In its pure form it is a colourless liquid with a fishy odour. Dimefox was first produced in 1940 by the group of Gerhard Schrader in Germany. It was historic ... * Schradan References Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Organophosphate insecticides Fluorine compounds Isopropylamino compounds {{alkanederivative-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schradan
Schradan, named after Gerhard Schrader Gerhard Schrader (25 February 1903 – 10 April 1990) was a German chemist specializing in the discovery of new insecticides, hoping to make progress in the fight against hunger in the world. Schrader is best known for his accidental discovery of ..., is an obsolete organophosphate insecticide. Schradan itself is a weak cholinesterase inhibitor and requires metabolic activation to become active. See also * Dimefox * Mipafox References Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Organophosphate insecticides {{Carbohydrate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MSPI (nerve Agent)
MSPI is an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. MSPI reacts with the acetylcholinesterase Acetylcholinesterase (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; systematic name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase), also known as AChE, AChase or acetylhydrolase, is the primary cholinesterase in the body. It is an enzyme th ... to form an aged enzyme adduct that can't be reactivated by cholinesterase reactivators. See also * EA-2192 * Guanitoxin References Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Imidazolium compounds Methyl esters Phosphoramidothioates Zwitterions Nerve agents {{Neurotoxin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) also often called cholinesterase inhibitors, inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase from Hydrolysis, breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate, thereby increasing both the level and duration of action of acetylcholine in the central nervous system, Autonomic ganglion, autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions, which are rich in acetylcholine receptors. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are one of two types of cholinesterase inhibitors; the other being Butyrylcholinesterase#Inhibitors, butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitors. Acetylcholinesterase is the primary member of the cholinesterase, cholinesterase enzyme family. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are classified as reversible, irreversible, or quasi-irreversible (also called pseudo-irreversible). Mechanism of action Organophosphates Organophosphates like TEPP, tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) and sarin inhibit cholinesterases, enzymes that hydrolyze the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methyl Esters
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom chemical bond, bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula (whereas normal methane has the formula ). In chemical formula, formulas, the group is often skeletal formula#Pseudoelement symbols, abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (), methylium cation () or methyl radical (chemistry), radical (). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed. Methyl cation, anion, and radical Methyl cation The methylium cation () exists in the gas phase, but is otherwise not encountered. Some compounds are considered to be sources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
