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Dacrytherium
''Dacrytherium'' (Ancient Greek: (tear, teardrop) + (beast or wild animal) meaning "tear beast") is an extinct genus of Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Anoplotheriidae. It occurred from the Middle to Late Eocene of Western Europe and is the type genus of the subfamily Dacrytheriinae, the older of the two anoplotheriid subfamilies. ''Dacrytherium'' was first erected in 1876 by the French palaeontologist Henri Filhol, who recognised in his studies that it had dentition similar to the anoplotheriids ''Anoplotherium'' and ''Diplobune'' but differed from them by a deep preorbital fossa and a fossa for lacrimal sac, lacrimal fossa, the latter of which is where the genus name derives from. ''D. ovinum'', originally classified in ''Dichobune'', is the type species of ''Dacrytherium''. Henri Filhol named ''D. elegans'' in 1884, and Hans Georg Stehlin named the species ''D. priscum'' and ''D. saturnini'' in 1910. ''Dacrytherium'' was a medium-sized artiodactyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacrytherium Ovinum Skull
''Dacrytherium'' (Ancient Greek: (tear, teardrop) + (beast or wild animal) meaning "tear beast") is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Anoplotheriidae. It occurred from the Middle to Late Eocene of Western Europe and is the type genus of the subfamily Dacrytheriinae, the older of the two anoplotheriid subfamilies. ''Dacrytherium'' was first erected in 1876 by the French palaeontologist Henri Filhol, who recognised in his studies that it had dentition similar to the anoplotheriids ''Anoplotherium'' and ''Diplobune'' but differed from them by a deep preorbital fossa and a lacrimal fossa, the latter of which is where the genus name derives from. ''D. ovinum'', originally classified in '' Dichobune'', is the type species of ''Dacrytherium''. Henri Filhol named ''D. elegans'' in 1884, and Hans Georg Stehlin named the species ''D. priscum'' and ''D. saturnini'' in 1910. ''Dacrytherium'' was a medium-sized artiodactyl that is defined by specific d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplobune
''Diplobune'' (Ancient Greek: (double) + (hill) meaning "double hill") is an extinct genus of Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Anoplotheriidae. It was endemic to Europe and lived from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene. The genus was first erected as a subgenus of ''Dichobune'' by Ludwig Rütimeyer in 1862 based on his hypothesis of the taxon being a transitional form between "''Anoplotherium''" secundaria, previously erected by Georges Cuvier in 1822, and ''Dichobune''. He based the genus etymology off of the two-pointed pillarlike shapes of the lower molars, which had since been a diagnosis of it. However, in 1870, ''Diplobune'' was elevated to genus rank by Oscar Fraas, who recognized that ''Diplobune'' was a distinct genus related to ''Anoplotherium'' and not ''Dichobune''. After several revisions of the anoplotheriids, there are currently four known species of which ''D. minor'' is the type species. ''Diplobune'' was an apomorphy and synapomor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiphodon
''Xiphodon'' is the type genus of the extinct Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyl family Xiphodontidae. It, like other xiphodonts, was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. Fossils from Montmartre in Paris, France that belonged to ''X. gracilis'' were first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1804. Although he assigned the species to ''Anoplotherium'', he recognized that it differed from ''A. commune'' by its dentition and limb bones, later moving it to its own subgenus in 1822. ''Xiphodon'' was promoted to genus rank by other naturalists in later decades. It is today defined by the type species ''X. gracilis'' and two other species, ''X. castrensis'' and ''X. intermedium''. Literally meaning "sword tooth" in Ancient Greek, ''Xiphodon'' had specialized bladelike selenodont dentition, with its brachyodont (low-crowned) incisors, canine tooth, canines, and premolars having sharp edges for cutting through higher veget ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplotherium
''Anoplotherium'' is the type genus of the extinct Paleogene, Palaeogene artiodactyl family Anoplotheriidae, which was endemic to Western Europe. It lived from the Late Eocene to the earliest Oligocene. It was the fifth fossil mammal genus to be described with official taxonomic authority, with a history extending back to 1804 when its fossils from Montmartre in Paris, France were first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. Discoveries of incomplete skeletons of ''A. commune'' in 1807 led Cuvier to thoroughly describe unusual features for which there are no modern analogues. His drawn skeletal and muscle reconstructions of ''A. commune'' in 1812 were amongst the first instances of anatomical reconstructions based on fossil evidence. Cuvier's contributions to palaeontology based on his works on the genus were revolutionary for the field, not only proving the developing ideas of extinction and ecological succession but also paving the way for subfields such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichobune
''Dichobune'' is the type genus of the Dichobunoidea, an extinct paraphyletic superfamily consisting of some of the earliest artiodactyls known in the fossil record. It was a primitive artiodactyl genus that was endemic to western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene (or possibly the Early Eocene) to the Early Oligocene. The type species ''Dichobune leporina'' was originally described as a species belonging to ''Anoplotherium'' beginning in 1804 by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier, who noted its small size. Cuvier assigned it to its own subgenus ''Dichobune'' in 1822; later naturalists promoted it to genus rank and observed that it was not close to the Anoplotheriidae as previously thought. Today, there are five valid species within ''Dichobune''. ''Dichobune'' has a somewhat elongated skull with a lengthy snout (with the snout of ''D. jehennei'' being particularly lengthy), large and semi-centred orbit (anatomy), orbits, and a complete dentition of 44 teeth (the maximum in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplotheriidae
Anoplotheriidae is an extinct family of artiodactyl ungulates. They were endemic to Europe during the Eocene and Oligocene epochs about 44—30 million years ago. Its name is derived from the ("unarmed") and θήριον ("beast"), translating as "unarmed beast". Ecology Species of Anoplotheriidae varied substantially in size''. Diplobune minor'' is suggested to have weighted about '','' while ''Anoplotherium'' is suggested to have been up to in weight. '' Anoplotherium'' is thought to have been a browser that reared up on its hind legs to feed, while ''Diplobune'' is suggested to have been an arboreal climbing animal. Systematics and taxonomy The family Anoplotheriidae was assigned to Belluae by Bonaparte (who named it Anoplotheriina) in 1850; to Artiodactyla by Cope in 1889, to Ruminantia by Gregory in 1910, and finally to its own superfamily Anoplotherioidea by Romer in 1966. A 2019 study considered them to be closely related to Cainotheriidae, another group of en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercy Phosphorites Formation
The Quercy Phosphorites Formation (French language, French: ''Phosphorites du Quercy''; ) is a Formation (geology), geologic formation and lagerstätte in Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie, southern France. It preserves fossils dated to the Paleogene Period (geology), period (Bartonian, latest Bartonian to Late Oligocene),Quercy Phosphorites Formation at Fossilworks.orgPhosphorites du Quercy Formation at Fossilworks.org or MP16 to MP28 zones of the Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachydermata
Pachydermata (meaning 'thick skin', from the Greek , and ) is an obsolete order of mammals described by Gottlieb Storr, Georges Cuvier, and others, at one time recognized by many systematists. The term ' is commonly used to describe elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses and tapirs. The grouping was determined to be artificial as a biological classification due to genetic studies. Description Pachydermata is an obsolete order of mammals described by Gottlieb Storr, Georges Cuvier, and others, at one time recognized by many systematists. The grouping is polyphyletic, so the order is no longer in use as a biological classification. Outside strict biological classification, the related term ' is commonly used to describe elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses and tapirs. Cuvier himself defined ''Pachydermata'' as "animals with hoofs, non ruminants", whereas Storr had described it as "mammals with hoofs with more than two toes". The classification ''Pachydermata'' included t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthracotherium
''Anthracotherium'', from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (''ánthrax''), meaning "coal", and θηρίον (''theríon''), meaning "beast", is an extinct genus of artiodactyls characterized by having 44 teeth, with five semi-crescentic cusps on the crowns of the upper molars. The genus ranged from the middle Eocene period until the early Miocene, having a distribution throughout Eurasia probably even reaching South East Asia (Kalimantan and West Timor). Material subjectively assigned to ''Anthracotherium'' from Pakistan suggests the last species died out soon after the start of the Miocene. Description The genus typifies the family Anthracotheriidae, if only because it is the most thoroughly studied. In many respects, especially the anatomy of the lower jaw, ''Anthracotherium'', as with the other members of the family, is allied to the hippopotamus, of which it is probably an ancestral form. The Anthracotheres, together with the hippos, are grouped with the cetaceans in the clade W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', 'Eos, Dawn') and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch.See: *Letter from William Whewell to Charles Lyell dated 31 January 1831 in: * From p. 55: "The period next antecedent we shall call Eocene, from ήως, aurora, and χαινος, recens, because the extremely small proportion of living species contained in these strata, indicates what may be considered the first commencement, or ''dawn'', of the existing state of the animate creation." The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perissodactyl
Perissodactyla (, ), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of Ungulate, ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three Family (biology), families: Equidae (wild horse, horses, Asinus, asses, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs). They typically have reduced the weight-bearing toes to three or one of the five original toes, though tapirs retain four toes on their front feet. The nonweight-bearing toes are either present, absent, Vestigiality, vestigial, or positioned posteriorly. By contrast, Artiodactyl, artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) bear most of their weight equally on four or two (an even number) of the five toes: their third and fourth toes. Another difference between the two is that perissodactyls digest plant cellulose in their intestines, rather than in one or more stomach chambers as artiodactyls, with the exception of Suina, do. The order was considerably more diverse in the past, with notable extinct groups inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
