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Geophilomorpha
Geophilomorpha is an order of centipedes commonly known as soil centipedes. The name "Geophilomorpha" is from Ancient Greek roots meaning "formed to love the earth." This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide but are absent in Antarctica and most Arctic regions. Description Centipedes in this order are epimorphic, hatching with a full complement of segments. These centipedes each have an odd number of leg-bearing segments ranging from 27 (in the genus '' Schendylops'') to 191 (in the species '' Gonibregmatus plurimipes''). They are eyeless and blind, with long and narrow bodies, ranging from yellow to brown in color and from about 1 cm to 22 cm in length. They bear spiracles on all leg-bearing segments except the first and the last. The antennae have 14 segments and are usually slightly attenuated. Suborders and families This order is a monophyletic group including two suborders: the monophyletic Placodesmata, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schendylidae
Schendylidae is a family of Geophilomorpha, soil centipedes in the superfamily Himantarioidea and the order Geophilomorpha. These centipedes are found in the Americas, the Palearctic realm, Palearctic region, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and southeast Asia, and also on some List of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific islands. This family was first proposed by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1896. Taxonomy In 2014, a Phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis based on Morphology (biology), morphological and molecular data found this family to be Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to the family Ballophilidae. Authorities now deem Ballophilidae to be a Synonym (taxonomy), synonym of Schendylidae. The family Schendylidae now includes at least 47 genera and 310 described species. Description Centipedes in this family feature second Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), maxillae with claws that are often fringed by small spines or rows of filaments. Sternal pores are usually pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilidae
Geophilidae is a family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea and the order Geophilomorpha. In 2014, a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological and molecular data found this family to be polyphyletic. To avoid this polyphyly, authorities dismissed the families Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, and Macronicophilidae, which are now deemed to be junior synonyms for Geophilidae. Authorities also moved some genera from Geophilidae to form the family Zelanophildae in order to avoid the polyphyly of the family Geophilidae. The family Geophilidae now includes more than 650 species in more than 120 genera. This family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found almost worldwide. Description Species in this family are characterized by mandibles with a single pectinate lamella. Sternal pores are often present but with variable arrangements, and coxal organs are usually present and open into pits or through distinct pores. Female gonopods in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecistocephalidae
Mecistocephalidae is a monophyletic family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha. It is the only family in the suborder Placodesmata. Most species in this family live in tropical or subtropical regions, but some occur in temperate regions. This family is the third most diverse in the order Geophiliomorpha (after Geophilidae and Schendylidae), with about 170 species, including about 130 species in the genus '' Mecistocephalus''. Description Species of this family are characterized by an elongated head with lateral margins converging backwards; first maxillae with a relatively elongate coxosternite and coxal projections that are much wider than the telopodites, with both appendages ending with a distinctly hyaline part; second maxillae with small simple claws; an elongate forcipular coxosternite with pleurites projecting anteriorly into scapular points and displaced dorsally so that the coxopleural sutures run anteriorly on the dorsal side; metatergites on the posterior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centipede
Centipedes (from Neo-Latin , "hundred", and Latin , "foot") are predatory arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek , ''kheilos'', "lip", and Neo-Latin suffix , "foot", describing the forcipules) of the subphylum Myriapoda, an arthropod group which includes millipedes and other multi-legged animals. Centipedes are elongated segmented ( metameric) animals with one pair of legs per body segment. All centipedes are venomous and can inflict painful stings, injecting their venom through pincer-like appendages known as forcipules or toxicognaths, which are actually modified legs instead of fangs. Despite the name, no species of centipede has exactly 100 legs; the number of pairs of legs is an odd number that ranges from 15 pairs to 191 pairs. Centipedes are predominantly generalist carnivorous, hunting for a variety of prey items that can be overpowered. They have a wide geographical range, which can be found in terrestrial habitats from tropical rainforests ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placodesmata
Mecistocephalidae is a monophyletic family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha. It is the only family in the suborder Placodesmata. Most species in this family live in tropical or subtropical regions, but some occur in temperate regions. This family is the third most diverse in the order Geophiliomorpha (after Geophilidae and Schendylidae), with about 170 species, including about 130 species in the genus '' Mecistocephalus''. Description Species of this family are characterized by an elongated head with lateral margins converging backwards; first maxillae with a relatively elongate coxosternite and coxal projections that are much wider than the telopodites, with both appendages ending with a distinctly hyaline part; second maxillae with small simple claws; an elongate forcipular coxosternite with pleurites projecting anteriorly into scapular points and displaced dorsally so that the coxopleural sutures run anteriorly on the dorsal side; metatergites on the poster ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryidae
Oryidae is a monophyletic family of soil centipedes belonging to the superfamily Himantarioidea. Description Centipedes in this family feature a short head, stout antennae, mandibles with a series of pectinate lamellae, a slightly concave labral margin with a row of denticles or bristles, first maxillae with one article on each telopodite, and claws on the second maxillae fringed by two rows of filaments. The coxosternite and forcipules are short without denticles, and the forcipular segment is stout with a wide tergite. Sternal pores are mainly clustered as two pairs of groups, the ultimate legs usually have no pretarsus, and the female gonopods are distinct and usually biarticulate. These centipedes are very elongated with a high mean number of trunk segments (often greater than 100) and great variability in this number within species. The number of leg-bearing segments in this family varies within as well as among species and ranges from 53 to 169. The minimum numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linotaeniidae
Linotaeniidae are a monophyletic clade of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae found mostly in the temperate regions of the Holarctic as well as the south Andes. Species in the clade Linotaeniidae are characterized by a body that usually tapers toward the anterior tip; mandibles with a single pectinate lamella; second maxillae with coxo-sternite usually undivided and claws without projections; forcipular segment short, with tergite remarkably wide, forcipules evidently tapering; coxal organs opening through distinct pores on the ventral surface of the coxo-pleura. The number of legs in this clade varies within as well as among species and ranges from as few as 31 pairs of legs (in '' Strigamia hoffmani'') to as many as 83 leg pairs (in '' S. epileptica'', ''Agathothus gracilis'', and ''Diplochora imperialis''). Compared to most families in the suborder Adesmata Adesmata is a suborder of centipedes within the order Geophilomorpha containing the superfamilies Geophiloide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballophilidae
Ballophilidae is a monophyletic group of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea. Authorities now dismiss this group as a family, citing phylogenetic analysis, and instead refer to this clade as Ballophilinae, a possible subfamily within the family Schendylidae. Centipedes in this clade differ from others in the family Schendylidae by having bodies tapered toward the anterior tip, short heads, slender forcipules that are well apart, and an undivided lamina for the female gonopods. Centipedes in this clade are found in most tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ... regions. The number of legs in this clade varies within as well as among species and ranges from 37 to 113 pairs of legs. Three species in this clade can have as f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schendylops
''Schendylops'' is the largest genus of centipedes in the family Schendylidae, containing more than 60 species. This genus was first proposed by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1899 for the type species originally named ''Schendyla grandidieri'' in 1897''.'' Most species in this genus are found in the Neotropical region, but a dozen species are found in Africa and Madagascar. These species live in diverse habitats, ranging from sea level (e.g., in the Caribbean region) to high altitudes, e.g., at above sea level in the Andes mountains. Description Centipedes in this genus feature two rows of filaments on the claws of the second maxillae, sternal pore fields on leg-bearing segments, two pores on each coxopleuron, and ultimate legs with seven segments but no claw. The pleurites of the second maxillae are not fused to the coxosternum. Species in this genus range from in length and have from 27 to 87 pairs of legs. This genus is notable for including the two species t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelanophilidae
Zelanophilidae is a family of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Geophiloidea. Centipedes in this family are found in the Australasian region. This family includes seven species distributed among three genera. Description These centipedes feature a slightly elongated head, elongated antennae that gradually taper, a clypeus with many setae on the anterior part, a labral posterior margin fringed with slender projections, a mandible with a single pectinate lamella, glandular pores present on the trunk metasternites in both sexes, many scattered pores on most sides of the coxopleura, and slender ultimate legs with claws. The female gonopod Gonopods are specialized appendages of various arthropods used in reproduction or egg-laying. In males, they facilitate the transfer of sperm from male to female during mating, and thus are a type of intromittent organ. In crustaceans and millipe ...s are separate and bi-articulate. The number of legs vary withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himantariidae
Himantariidae is a monophyletic family (biology), family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea, found almost exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere. Centipedes in this family feature a short head with a concave Labrum (arthropod mouthpart), labral margin bearing a row of Denticle (tooth feature), denticles, a single dentate lamella and some pectinate lamellae on each Mandible (arthropod mouthpart), mandible, second Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), maxillae with strongly tapering telopodites and slightly spatulate claws, and a stout forcipular segment with short forcipules and a wide Tergum, tergite; the ultimate legs usually have no pretarsus, and the female gonopods are distinct and biarticulate. These centipedes are very elongated with a high mean number of trunk segments (often greater than 100) and great variability in this number within species. The number of leg-bearing segments in this family ranges from 47 to 181. The maximum number of legs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himantarioidea
Himantarioidea is a monophyly, monophyletic superfamily (biology), superfamily of Geophilomorpha, soil centipedes in the suborder Adesmata containing the families Oryidae, Himantariidae, and Schendylidae (including Ballophilidae). Centipedes in this superfamily share several distinctive traits. For example, the lateral parts of the Labrum (arthropod mouthpart), labrum in these centipedes are fringed by Denticle (tooth feature), denticles along the posterior margin. Furthermore, in this superfamily, the proximal (Clypeus (arthropod anatomy), clypeal) part of the roof of the chamber leading to the mouth opening features clusters of spear-shaped sense organs. Moreover, each Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), telopodite of the second Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), maxillae in these centipedes ends in a pretarsus that is flattened at the tip. References Geophilomorpha Arthropod superfamilies {{Centipede-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
