''Schendylops'' is the largest
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
centipede
Centipedes (from Neo-Latin , "hundred", and Latin , "foot") are predatory arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek , ''kheilos'', "lip", and Neo-Latin suffix , "foot", describing the forcipules) of the subphylum Myriapoda, ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Schendylidae
Schendylidae is a family of Geophilomorpha, soil centipedes in the superfamily Himantarioidea and the order Geophilomorpha.
These centipedes are found in the Americas, the Palearctic realm, Palearctic region, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and ...
, containing more than 60 species.
This genus was first proposed by the American biologist
Orator F. Cook in 1899 for the
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
originally named ''Schendyla grandidieri'' in 1897''.''
Most species in this genus are found in the
Neotropical
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In biogeogra ...
region, but a dozen species are found in Africa and Madagascar.
These species live in diverse habitats, ranging from sea level (e.g., in the
Caribbean
The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...
region) to high altitudes, e.g., at above sea level in the
Andes
The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range ...
mountains.
Description
Centipedes in this genus feature two rows of filaments on the claws of the second
maxillae
In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillar ...
, sternal pore fields on leg-bearing segments, two pores on each coxopleuron, and
ultimate legs with seven segments but no claw.
The
pleurites of the second maxillae are not fused to the coxosternum.
Species in this genus range from in length and have from 27 to 87 pairs of legs.
This genus is notable for including the two species that feature the fewest legs (27 pairs) in the order
Geophilomorpha
Geophilomorpha is an order of centipedes commonly known as soil centipedes. The name "Geophilomorpha" is from Ancient Greek roots meaning "formed to love the earth." This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. These centiped ...
. Both of these species are found in Brazil: males in the species ''
Schendylops ramirezi'' have only 27 pairs of legs, while females have 29, and males in the species ''
S. oligopus'' have 27 or 29 (usually 29), while females have 31.
Furthermore, ''S. ramirezi'' is one of only two species in this order in which females have only 29 leg pairs (the other species, ''
Dinogeophilus oligopodus'', has 29 in each sex).
Both ''S. ramirezi'' and ''S. oligopus'' are also notable for their small sizes, reaching only 7 mm and 10 mm in length, respectively.
Females of the African species ''
S. caledonicus'' have from 81 to as many as 87 pairs, the maximum recorded in this genus.
This species is also notable for its large size, reaching in length.
Other species in this genus noted for their large size include the Brazilian species ''
S. demelloi'' and ''
S. gounellei'', which can each reach 70 mm (2.8 in) in length.
Species
This genus contains more than 60 species, including the following:
* ''
Schendylops achalensis''
Pereira, 2008
* ''
Schendylops amazonicus''
(Pereira, Minelli and Barbieri, 1994)
* ''
Schendylops anamariae''
(Pereira, 1981)
* ''
Schendylops andesicola''
(Chamberlin, 1957)
* ''
Schendylops attemsi''
Verhoeff, 1900
* ''
Schendylops australis''
Silvestri, 1907
* ''
Schendylops bakeri''
(Chamberlin, 1914)
* ''
Schendylops bolivianus''
(Silvestri, 1897)
* ''
Schendylops borellii''
(Silvestri, 1895)
* ''
Schendylops brasilianus''
(Silvestri, 1897)
* ''
Schendylops caledonicus''
(Attems, 1928)
* ''
Schendylops colombianus''
(Chamberlin, 1921)
* ''
Schendylops continuus''
(Pereira, Minelli and Barbieri, 1995)
* ''
Schendylops coscaroni''
(Pereira and Minelli, 1996)
* ''
Schendylops demangei''
(Pereira, 1981)
* ''
Schendylops demartini''
(Pereira and Minelli, 1996)
* ''
Schendylops demelloi''
(Verhoeff, 1938)
* ''
Schendylops dentifer''
Chamberlin, 1957
* ''
Schendylops edentatus''
Kraus, 1957
* ''
Schendylops elegantulus''
(Meinert, 1886)
* ''
Schendylops fieldi''
(Chamberlin, 1944)
* ''
Schendylops gounellei''
(Brölemann, 1902)
* ''
Schendylops gracilis''
Attems, 1934
* ''
Schendylops grandidieri''
(Saussure and Zehntner, 1897)
* ''
Schendylops grismadoi''
Pereira, 2015
* ''
Schendylops iguapensis''
(Verhoeff, 1938)
* ''
Schendylops inquilinus''
Pereira, Uliana and Minelli, 2007
* ''
Schendylops insolitus''
(Lawrence, 1960)
* ''
Schendylops interfluvius''
(Pereira, 1984)
* ''
Schendylops janauarius''
(Pereira, Minelli and Barbieri, 1995)
* ''
Schendylops jeekeli''
Pereira, 2009
* ''
Schendylops labbanus''
(Chamberlin, 1921)
* ''
Schendylops lesnei''
(Brölemann and Ribaut, 1911)
* ''
Schendylops lomanus''
Chamberlin, 1957
* ''
Schendylops longitarsis''
(Silvestri, 1895)
* ''
Schendylops luederwaldi''
(Brölemann and Ribaut, 1911)
* ''
Schendylops madariagensis''
(Pereira, 1981)
* ''
Schendylops marchantariae''
(Pereira, Minelli and Barbieri, 1995)
* ''
Schendylops maroccanus''
(Attems, 1903)
* ''
Schendylops mascarenicus''
(Lawrence, 1960)
* ''
Schendylops mesopotamicus''
(Pereira, 1981)
* ''
Schendylops minutus''
(Pereira and Minelli, 1993)
* ''
Schendylops nealotus''
(Chamberlin, 1950)
* ''
Schendylops oligopus''
(Pereira, Minelli and Barbieri, 1995)
* ''
Schendylops olivaceus''
(Crabill, 1972)
* ''
Schendylops pallidus''
(Kraus, 1955)
* ''
Schendylops pampeanus''
(Pereira and Coscarón, 1976)
* ''
Schendylops paolettii''
(Pereira and Minelli, 1993)
* ''
Schendylops paraguayensis''
(Silvestri, 1895)
* ''
Schendylops parahybae''
(Chamberlin, 1914)
* ''
Schendylops paucidens''
Attems, 1939
* ''
Schendylops paucispinus''
(Lawrence, 1960)
* ''
Schendylops paulista''
(Brölemann, 1905)
* ''
Schendylops perditus''
(Chamberlin, 1914)
* ''
Schendylops peruanus''
(Turk, 1955)
* ''
Schendylops placii''
(Pereira and Minelli, 1996)
* ''
Schendylops polypus''
Attems, 1928
* ''
Schendylops potosius''
(Chamberlin, 1956)
* ''
Schendylops pumicosus''
(Demange, 1963)
* ''
Schendylops ramirezi''
Pereira, 2013
* ''
Schendylops schubarti''
Pereira, Foddai and Minelli, 2002
* ''
Schendylops silvicola''
(Lawrence, 1960)
* ''
Schendylops sublaevis''
(Meinert, 1870)
* ''
Schendylops titicacaensis''
(Kraus, 1954)
* ''
Schendylops tropicus''
(Brölemann and Ribaut, 1911)
* ''
Schendylops turmalina''
Calvanese and Brescovit, 2019
* ''
Schendylops varipictus''
(Chamberlin, 1950)
* ''
Schendylops verhoeffi''
(Brölemann and Ribaut, 1911)
* ''
Schendylops vingingordae''
(Crabill, 1960)
References
{{taxonbar, from1=Q4352551
Centipede genera
Schendylidae