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Himantarioidea
Himantarioidea is a monophyly, monophyletic superfamily (biology), superfamily of Geophilomorpha, soil centipedes in the suborder Adesmata containing the families Oryidae, Himantariidae, and Schendylidae (including Ballophilidae). Centipedes in this superfamily share several distinctive traits. For example, the lateral parts of the Labrum (arthropod mouthpart), labrum in these centipedes are fringed by Denticle (tooth feature), denticles along the posterior margin. Furthermore, in this superfamily, the proximal (Clypeus (arthropod anatomy), clypeal) part of the roof of the chamber leading to the mouth opening features clusters of spear-shaped sense organs. Moreover, each Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), telopodite of the second Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), maxillae in these centipedes ends in a pretarsus that is flattened at the tip. References Geophilomorpha Arthropod superfamilies {{Centipede-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adesmata
Adesmata is a suborder of centipedes within the order Geophilomorpha containing the superfamilies Geophiloidea and Himantarioidea. This suborder contains 13 families. All members of this suborder have ventral defensive glands. Description Species of the suborder Adesmata are characterized by a labrum without a separate intermediate tooth, the lateral parts fringed by projections; coxal projections and telopodites of the first maxillae possessing subapical spine- sensilla and apical scutefilaments; telopodites of the second maxillae short compared to the coxosternite width; forcipular coxosternite with chitin Chitin (carbon, C8hydrogen, H13oxygen, O5nitrogen, N)n ( ) is a long-chain polymer of N-Acetylglucosamine, ''N''-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cell ...-lines; glands along the trunk opening in ventral pore-fields; and a variable number of legs between conspecific specime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryidae
Oryidae is a monophyletic family of soil centipedes belonging to the superfamily Himantarioidea. Description Centipedes in this family feature a short head, stout antennae, mandibles with a series of pectinate lamellae, a slightly concave labral margin with a row of denticles or bristles, first maxillae with one article on each telopodite, and claws on the second maxillae fringed by two rows of filaments. The coxosternite and forcipules are short without denticles, and the forcipular segment is stout with a wide tergite. Sternal pores are mainly clustered as two pairs of groups, the ultimate legs usually have no pretarsus, and the female gonopods are distinct and usually biarticulate. These centipedes are very elongated with a high mean number of trunk segments (often greater than 100) and great variability in this number within species. The number of leg-bearing segments in this family varies within as well as among species and ranges from 53 to 169. The minimum numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballophilidae
Ballophilidae is a monophyletic group of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea. Authorities now dismiss this group as a family, citing phylogenetic analysis, and instead refer to this clade as Ballophilinae, a possible subfamily within the family Schendylidae. Centipedes in this clade differ from others in the family Schendylidae by having bodies tapered toward the anterior tip, short heads, slender forcipules that are well apart, and an undivided lamina for the female gonopods. Centipedes in this clade are found in most tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ... regions. The number of legs in this clade varies within as well as among species and ranges from 37 to 113 pairs of legs. Three species in this clade can have as f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himantariidae
Himantariidae is a monophyletic family (biology), family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea, found almost exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere. Centipedes in this family feature a short head with a concave Labrum (arthropod mouthpart), labral margin bearing a row of Denticle (tooth feature), denticles, a single dentate lamella and some pectinate lamellae on each Mandible (arthropod mouthpart), mandible, second Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), maxillae with strongly tapering telopodites and slightly spatulate claws, and a stout forcipular segment with short forcipules and a wide Tergum, tergite; the ultimate legs usually have no pretarsus, and the female gonopods are distinct and biarticulate. These centipedes are very elongated with a high mean number of trunk segments (often greater than 100) and great variability in this number within species. The number of leg-bearing segments in this family ranges from 47 to 181. The maximum number of legs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schendylidae
Schendylidae is a family of Geophilomorpha, soil centipedes in the superfamily Himantarioidea and the order Geophilomorpha. These centipedes are found in the Americas, the Palearctic realm, Palearctic region, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and southeast Asia, and also on some List of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific islands. This family was first proposed by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1896. Taxonomy In 2014, a Phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis based on Morphology (biology), morphological and molecular data found this family to be Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to the family Ballophilidae. Authorities now deem Ballophilidae to be a Synonym (taxonomy), synonym of Schendylidae. The family Schendylidae now includes at least 47 genera and 310 described species. Description Centipedes in this family feature second Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), maxillae with claws that are often fringed by small spines or rows of filaments. Sternal pores are usually pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilomorpha
Geophilomorpha is an order of centipedes commonly known as soil centipedes. The name "Geophilomorpha" is from Ancient Greek roots meaning "formed to love the earth." This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide but are absent in Antarctica and most Arctic regions. Description Centipedes in this order are epimorphic, hatching with a full complement of segments. These centipedes each have an odd number of leg-bearing segments ranging from 27 (in the genus '' Schendylops'') to 191 (in the species '' Gonibregmatus plurimipes''). They are eyeless and blind, with long and narrow bodies, ranging from yellow to brown in color and from about 1 cm to 22 cm in length. They bear spiracles on all leg-bearing segments except the first and the last. The antennae have 14 segments and are usually slightly attenuated. Suborders and families This order is a monophyletic group including two suborders: the monophyletic Placodesmata, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himantarium Gabrielis
''Himantarium gabrielis'' is a species of centipede in the family Himantariidae. Description ''Himantarium gabrielis'' can reach a length around . The head is small and lacks eyes, but has two tentacles with 14 segments. On the dorsal side of the last trunk segment are longitudinal and transversal wide sulci resembling a cross. The body is yellowish to orange in colour with a pinkish/red stripe on the lower side and has up to 179 segments, with a pair of legs each. The number of legs is very variable, usually leg-bearing segments vary from 87 to 171 in males and from 95 to 179 in females. When disturbed, this species emits viscous and proteinaceous secretions from the sternal glands. It feeds on various invertebrates. It can be found under stones or in galleries into the ground. The females protect their eggs with the body until the hatching of their young. Distribution This species is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. It can be found in Albania, Bosnia, Bulgaria, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A ''polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superfamily (biology)
In biology, taxonomic rank (which some authors prefer to call nomenclatural rank because ranking is part of nomenclature rather than taxonomy proper, according to some definitions of these terms) is the relative or absolute level of a group of organisms (a ''taxon'') in a hierarchy that reflects evolutionary relationships. Thus, the most inclusive clades (such as Eukarya and Animalia) have the highest ranks, whereas the least inclusive ones (such as ''Homo sapiens'' or '' Bufo bufo'') have the lowest ranks. Ranks can be either relative and be denoted by an indented taxonomy in which the level of indentation reflects the rank, or absolute, in which various terms, such as species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain designate rank. This page emphasizes absolute ranks and the rank-based codes (the Zoological Code, the Botanical Code, the Code for Cultivated Plants, the Prokaryotic Code, and thCode for Viruses require them. However, absolute ranks are not r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suborder
Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, their orders may follow consistent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labrum (arthropod Mouthpart)
The labrum is a flap-like structure that lies immediately in front of the mouth in almost all extant Euarthropoda. The most conspicuous exceptions are the Pycnogonida, which are probably chelicerates. In entomology, the labrum amounts to the "upper lip" of an insect mouth, the corresponding "lower lip" being the labium. The evolutionary origin, embryogenesis, and morphological development of the labrum have proved to be some of the most controversial and challenging topics in the study of arthropod head structures. Embryonic nature and origin of the labrum The labrum is innervated in crustaceans and insects from the tritocerebrum (the back of the brain). However, in development, its embryonic primordium often appears at the anterior of the head and migrates backwards towards its adult position. Furthermore, it often appears as a bilobed structure, with a set of muscles, nerves and gene expression in many ways similar to that of an appendage. This evidence has been used to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denticle (tooth Feature)
Denticles, also called serrations, are small bumps on a tooth that serve to give the tooth a serrated edge. In paleontology, denticle characteristics such as size and density (denticles per unit distance) are used to describe and classify fossilized teeth, especially those of dinosaurs. Denticles are also present on the teeth of varanoid lizards, sharks, and mammals. The term is also used to describe the analogous radular teeth of mollusks. Archived aPDF File:Dromaeosauridae tooth.TIF, Dromaeosauridae tooth with small denticles along the cutting edge. Scale bars are 1 mm. File:Ankylosaurus tooth.jpg, '' Ankylosaurus'' tooth with large denticles. File:Dentary teeth of Segnosaurus.png, ''Segnosaurus ''Segnosaurus'' is a genus of therizinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now southeastern Mongolia during the Late Cretaceous, about 102–86 million years ago. Multiple incomplete but well-preserved specimens were discovered in the Go ...'' dentition featuring a tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
