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BTG1
Protein BTG1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTG1'' gene. Function The BTG1 gene locus has been shown to be involved in a t(8;12)(q24;q22) chromosomal translocation in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is a member of a family of antiproliferative genes. BTG1 expression is maximal in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle and downregulated when cells progressed through G1. It negatively regulates cell proliferation. Interactions BTG1 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with: * CNOT7, * CNOT8, * HOXB9, and * PRMT1. Clinical relevance Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Maintenance of adult neural stem cells Recent data, obtained in a new model of mouse lacking the BTG1 gene, indicate that BTG1 is essential for the proliferation and expansion of stem cells in the adult neurogenic niches, i.e. the dentate gyrus and sub ventricular zone (see for review). In parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNOT7
CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CNOT7'' gene. It is a subunit of the CCR4-Not deadenylase complex. Function The protein encoded by this gene binds to an anti-proliferative protein, B-cell translocation protein 1, which negatively regulates cell proliferation. Binding of the two proteins, which is driven by phosphorylation of the anti-proliferative protein, causes signaling events in cell division that lead to changes in cell proliferation associated with cell-cell contact. The protein has both mouse and yeast orthologs. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Interactions CNOT7 has been shown to interact with: * BTG1, * PABPC1, * TOB1, and * TOB2 Protein Tob2 (transducer of ERBB2, 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TOB2'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BTG2
Protein BTG2 also known as BTG family member 2 or NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3 or NGF-inducible protein TIS21, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTG2'' gene (B-cell translocation gene 2) and in other mammals by the homologous ''Btg2'' gene. This protein controls cell cycle progression and proneural genes expression by acting as a transcription coregulator that enhances or inhibits the activity of transcription factors. The protein BTG2 is the human homolog of the PC3 (pheochromocytoma cell 3) protein in rat and of the Tis21 (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequence 21) protein in mouse. ''Tis21'' had been originally isolated as a sequence induced by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA in mouse fibroblasts, whereas ''PC3'' was originally isolated as sequence induced at the beginning of neuron differentiation; ''BTG2'' was then isolated in human cells as sequence induced by p53 and DNA damage. The protein encoded by the gene BTG2 (which i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNOT8
CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CNOT8'' gene. It is a subunit of the CCR4-Not deadenylase complex. Interactions CNOT8 has been shown to interact with BTG2, BTG1 Protein BTG1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTG1'' gene. Function The BTG1 gene locus has been shown to be involved in a t(8;12)(q24;q22) chromosomal translocation in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is a memb ..., CNOT1 and CNOT3. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * External links * {{gene-5-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PRMT1
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PRMT1'' gene. The HRMT1L2 gene encodes a protein arginine methyltransferase that functions as a histone methyltransferase specific for histone H4. Function PRMT1 gene encodes for the protein arginine methyltransferase that functions as a histone methyltransferase specific for histone H4 in eukaryotic cells. Specifically altering histone H4 in eukaryotes gives it the ability to remodel chromatin acting as a post-translational modifier. Through regulation of gene expression, arginine methyltransferases control the cell cycle and death of eukaryotic cells. Reaction pathway While all PRMT enzymes catalyze the methylation of arginine residues in proteins, PRMT1 is unique in that is catalyzes the formation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as opposed to the PRMT2 that catalyzes the formation of symmetrically dimethylated arginine. Individual PRMT utilize ''S''-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HOXB9
Homeobox protein Hox-B9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HOXB9'' gene. Function This gene is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of leukemia, prostate cancer and lung cancer. Interactions HOXB9 has been shown to interact with BTG2 and BTG1. See also * Homeobox A homeobox is a Nucleic acid sequence, DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, that regulates large-scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryonic development. Mutations in a homeobox may change large-scale anatomical features of ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * Transc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of Gene product, RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first transcription (biology), copied into RNA. RNA can be non-coding RNA, directly functional or be the intermediate protein biosynthesis, template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring, is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population (biology), population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromosomal Translocation
In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes "balanced" and "unbalanced" translocation, with three main types: "reciprocal", "nonreciprocal" and "Robertsonian" translocation. Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes. Two detached fragments of two different chromosomes are switched. Robertsonian translocation occurs when two non-homologous chromosomes get attached, meaning that given two healthy pairs of chromosomes, one of each pair "sticks" and blends together homogeneously. Each type of chromosomal translocation can result in disorders for growth, function and the development of an individuals body, often resulting from a change in their genome. A gene fusion may be created when the translocation joins two otherwise-separated genes. It is detected on cytogenetics or a karyotype of affected cells. Translocations can be bala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. In CLL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. In patients with CLL, B cell lymphocytes can begin to collect in their blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. These cells do not function well and crowd out healthy blood cells. CLL is divided into two main types: # Slow-growing CLL (indolent CLL) # Fast-growing CLL Many people do not have any symptoms when they are first diagnosed. Those with symptoms (about 5-10% of patients with CLL) may experience the following: * Fevers * Fatigue * Night sweats * Unexplained weight loss * Loss of appetite * Painless lymph node swelling * Enlargement of the spleen, and/or * A low red blood cell count (anemia). These symptoms may worsen over time. While the exact cause of CLL is unknown, having a family member with CLL increases one's risk of developing the disease. Environmental risk factors includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell (biology), cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm, chromosomes and other components into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. In eukaryotic cells (having a cell nucleus) including animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells, the cell cycle is divided into two main stages: interphase, and the M phase that includes mitosis and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, and replicates its DNA and some of its organelles. During the M phase, the replicated Chromosome, chromosomes, organelles, and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells. To ensure the proper replication of cellular components and division, there are control mechanisms kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Proliferation
Cell proliferation is the process by which ''a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells''. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth. Cell proliferation requires both cell growth and cell division to occur at the same time, such that the average size of cells remains constant in the population. Cell division can occur without cell growth, producing many progressively smaller cells (as in cleavage of the zygote), while cell growth can occur without cell division to produce a single larger cell (as in growth of neurons). Thus, cell proliferation is not synonymous with either cell growth or cell division, despite these terms sometimes being used interchangeably. Stem cells undergo cell proliferation to produce proliferating "transit amplifying" daughter cells that later differentiate to construct tissues during normal development and tissue growth, during tissue regeneration after da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
