Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 is an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''PRMT1''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

. The HRMT1L2 gene encodes a protein

arginine Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidinium, guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) a ...

methyltransferase that functions as a

histone methyltransferase Histone methyltransferases (HMT) are histone-modifying enzymes (e.g., histone-lysine N-methyltransferases and histone-arginine N-methyltransferases), that catalyze the transfer of one, two, or three methyl groups to lysine and arginine residues of ...

specific for

histone H4 Histone H4 is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryote, eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminus, N-terminal tail, H4 is involved with the structure of the nucleo ...

Function

PRMT1 gene encodes for the protein

methyltransferase that functions as a

specific for

in eukaryotic cells. Specifically altering histone H4 in eukaryotes gives it the ability to remodel chromatin acting as a post-translational modifier. Through regulation of gene expression, arginine methyltransferases control the cell cycle and death of eukaryotic cells.

Reaction pathway

While all PRMT enzymes catalyze the methylation of arginine residues in proteins, PRMT1 is unique in that is catalyzes the formation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as opposed to the PRMT2 that catalyzes the formation of symmetrically dimethylated arginine. Individual PRMT utilize ''S''-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor and catalyze methyl group transfer to the ω-nitrogen of an arginine residue.

Clinical significance

In humans, these enzymes regulate gene expression and hence are involved in pathogenesis of many human diseases. Using enzyme inhibitors for arginine methyltransferase 1, studies were able to demonstrate the enzyme's potential as an early catalyst of various cancers.

Interactions

PRMT1 has been shown to interact with: *

BTG1 Protein BTG1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTG1'' gene. Function The BTG1 gene locus has been shown to be involved in a t(8;12)(q24;q22) chromosomal translocation in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is a memb ...

, *

BTG2 Protein BTG2 also known as BTG family member 2 or NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3 or NGF-inducible protein TIS21, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTG2'' gene (B-cell translocation gene 2) and in other mammals by the ho ...

, * DHX9, * FUS, * HNRNPR, * HNRPK, * IFNAR1, * ILF3, *

KHDRBS1 KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KHDRBS1'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the KH domain, K homology domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transductio ...

, and * SUPT5H.

References

External links