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Anuyoga
Anuyoga (Devanagari: अनुयोग 'further yoga') is the designation of the second of the three Inner Tantras according to the ninefold division of practice used by the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. This schema categorizes various stages of practice, and Anuyoga specifically emphasizes the completion stage of Tantra. As with the other yanas, Anuyoga represents both a scriptural division as well as a specific emphasis of both view and practice. Anuyoga delves into inner practices involving the subtle body, chakras, prana (subtle energies), nadis (energy pathways), and consciousness (bindu). It is particularly suited for individuals whose primary obstacle is passion and is associated with the feminine principle. The central view of Anuyoga revolves around realizing the essence of the 'Threefold Maṇḍala of Samantabhadra,' comprising 'empty basic space', 'wisdom', and the 'union of emptiness and wisdom'. The Anuyoga category can be further divided into four root sutras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inner Tantras
Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism refers to the categorization of Buddhist tantric scriptures in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism inherited numerous tantras and forms of tantric practice from medieval Indian Buddhist Tantra. There were various ways of categorizing these tantras in India. In Tibet, the Sarma (New Translation) schools categorize tantric scriptures into four classes, while the Nyingma (Ancients) school use six classes of tantra. Sarma ("New Translation") classification The Sarma, "New Translation" schools of Tibetan Buddhism (Gelug, Sakya, Kagyu, Jonang) classify tantric practices and texts into four classes. In this, they follow Indian Tantric Buddhists such as Abhayākara, who makes this distinction in his ''Clusters of Quintessential Instructions''. Tantras are classified according to the capacity of persons, the deities they use, the specific types of methods they employ and how they use desire (''kama'').Tsong-kha-pa, ''The Great Exposition of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Completion Stage
The fundamental practice of Vajrayana and Tibetan tantra is deity yoga (''devatayoga''), a form of Buddhist meditation centered on a chosen deity or "cherished divinity" (Skt. ''Iṣṭa-devatā,'' Tib. '' yidam''). This involves the recitation of mantras and prayers alongside the detailed visualization of the deity and their mandala—a sacred configuration that includes their Buddha field, consorts, and attendant figures. The 14th-century scholar Tsongkhapa stated that deity yoga is the distinctive feature that sets Tantra apart from the Sutra-based path. In the highest class of Tantras, the Unsurpassed Yoga Tantras, deity yoga is typically practiced in two stages: the generation stage (''utpatti-krama'') and the completion stage (''nispanna-krama''). In the generation stage, practitioners dissolve ordinary perception into emptiness and then re-imagine reality through the form of a fully enlightened deity, understood as an expression of ultimate truth. The deity is visual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nub Sangye Yeshe
Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (Tib:གནུབས་ཆེན་སངས་རྒྱས་ཡེ་ཤེས, Wylie: gnubs chen sangs rgyas ye shes, Chinese: 努千桑傑耶喜, Pinyin: Nǔqiān Sāngjié Yéxǐ) (9th century) was one of the twenty-five principal students of Guru Padmasambhava, revealer of Vajrayana and founder of the Nyingma school and of Tibetan Buddhism. Nubchen Sangye Yeshe is considered an important figure in the development of the White Sangha of lay yogis, the Ngakpas and Ngakmas. Crazy wisdom Terton Tsasum Lingpa (17th century) was a reincarnation of Nubchen Sangye Yeshe. Teachers As well as his fame as one of the 25 principal disciples of Padmasambhava, Nubchen Sangye Yeshe is held in different sources to have been a direct disciple of Shri Simha, Vimalamitra, Kamalashila, Dhanadhala, Tshaktung Nagpo, Shantigarbha, Dhanasamskrita, Shakyadeva, Dhanarakshita, the Brahman Prakashalamkara, Dharmabodhi, Dharmaraja, Tsuglag Pelge, Acarya Vasudhara, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yana (Buddhism)
Yāna (Sanskrit: यान and Pāli: "vehicle") refers to a mode or method of spiritual practice in Buddhism. It is claimed they were all taught by the Buddha, Gautama Buddha in response to the various capacities of individuals. On an outwardly conventional level, the teachings and practices may appear contradictory, but ultimately they all have the same goal. Nomenclature, etymology and orthography In form, yāna is a neuter noun derived from the Sanskrit root yā- meaning to "go to" or "move" or "reach". The suffix employed to form this noun may have different values: while primarily yāna is understood to refer to the means (kara.na) through which one goes to/ reaches a location, it may technically also refer to the action itself (bhāva). Yāna is therefore primarily a "vehicle", in most contexts relevant to the Buddhist doctrine of three yānas. "Vehicle" is often used as a preferred translation as the word that provides the least in the way of presuppositions about the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Ja
Indrabhuti (alternatively King Ja) is a name attributed to a number of individuals that have become conflated in Vajrayana Buddhism. One Indrabhuti, considered a Mahasiddha, was a disciple of Lawapa. Identities of the king Samten Karmay attempted to identify the different personages known as Indrabhutai. Conflation of Indrabhuti related to conflation of Oddiyana The matter of the conflation of Indrabhuti and at least one evocation of the historicity of a particular personage by that name is intimately connected with the location of 'Oddiyana' (the locality denoted by the term 'Oddiyana' whether in each case cited is Swat Valley or Odisha or some other location is glossed with a suite of orthographic representations and near homophones which require further case-by-case examination and exploration), Odisha and the cult of Jaganath and a number of texts that inform the matter such as the '' Sādhanamālā'', '' Kālikā Purāṇa'', '' Caturāsiti-siddha-Pravṛtti'', '' Jñānas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyingma Gyubum
''Nyingma Gyubum'' (, ''Collected Teachings of the Ancients'') is a collection of Vajrayana texts reflecting the teachings of the Nyingma ("Ancient") school of Tibetan Buddhism. The contents of this collection comprises the Inner Tantras common to the Nyingma: the '' Mahayoga'', '' Anuyoga'', and ''Atiyoga'' (Dzogchen) tantras. An important facet of Bhutanese culture, studying the ''Nyingma Gyubum'' is considered honorable. Canonization ''Nyingma Gyubum'' texts are generally excluded from the Kangyur and Tengyur sections of the Tibetan canon by the Sarma (New Translation) traditions ( Sakya, Kagyu, Gelug). It is theorized that the formation of the first edition of the ''Nyingma Gyubum'' began in the twelfth century, with certain texts drawn from the Terma literature. There are only seven extant texts of the Space Class of Dzogchen, each of which is contained in the ''Nyingma Gyubum''. Extant versions Cantwell and Mayer have, since 1996, published four monographs on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyurme Dorje
Gyurme Dorje (1950 – 5 February 2020) was a Scottish Tibetologist and writer. Early life In Edinburgh he studied classics at George Watson's College and developed an early interest in Buddhist philosophy. He held a PhD in Tibetan Literature (School of Oriental and African Studies, SOAS) and an MA in Sanskrit with Oriental Studies (Edinburgh). Career In the 1970s he spent a decade living in Tibetan communities in India and Nepal where he received extensive teachings from Longchen Yeshe Dorje, Kangyur Rinpoche, Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (2nd Dudjom Rinpoche), Dudjom Rinpoche, Chatral Sangye Dorje, Chatral Rinpoche, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. In 1971 Dudjom Rinpoche encouraged him to begin translating his recently completed ''History of the Nyingma School'' () and in 1980 his ''Fundamentals of the Nyingma School'' () - together this was an undertaking that was to take twenty years, only reaching completion in 1991. In the 1980s Gyurme returned to the UK and in 1987 completed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceylon
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. It shares a maritime border with the Maldives in the southwest and India in the northwest. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the legislative capital of Sri Lanka, while the largest city, Colombo, is the administrative and judicial capital which is the nation's political, financial and cultural centre. Kandy is the second-largest urban area and also the capital of the last native kingdom of Sri Lanka. The most spoken language Sinhala language, Sinhala, is spoken by the majority of the population (approximately 17 million). Tamil language, Tamil is also spoken by approximately five million people, making it the second most-spoken language in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has a population of appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dudjom Rinpoche
Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche Jigdral Yeshe DorjeJoseph McClellan, "Dudjom Rinpoche Jigdrel Yeshe Dorje", ''Treasury of Lives'', February 2024 (, THL ''Düjom Jikdrel Yéshé Dorjé'') was known simply as Dudjom Rinpoche (10 June 1904 – 17 January 1987). He is considered by many Tibetan Buddhists to be from an important Tulku lineage of Terton Dudul Dorje (1615–1672), and was recognized as the incarnation of Terton Dudjom Lingpa (1835–1904), a renowned treasure revealer. He was a direct incarnation of both Padmasambhava and Dudjom Lingpa. He was a Nyingma householder, a yogi, and a Vajrayana and Dzogchen master. According to his secretary Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal and many others, he was revered as "His Holiness" (Kyabje) and as a "Master of Masters". In order to protect and preserve Tibetan Buddhist teachings and continue Tibetan culture in exile, Dudjom Rinpoche was appointed as the first head of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism,Dudjom Buddhist International, ''Our Lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jigme Lingpa
Jigme Lingpa (1730–1798) was a Tibetan ''tertön'' of the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. He was the promulgator of the Longchen Nyingthig, the Heart Essence teachings of Longchenpa, from whom, according to tradition, he received a vision in which the teachings were revealed. The Longchen Nyingthik eventually became the most famous and widely practiced cycle of Dzogchen teachings. Career Jigme Lingpa's childhood monastery was the Nyingma school's Palri monastery, or Pelri Tekchen Ling, in Chonggye, established by Sherab Ozer. Prefiguring Jamgon Kongtrul's creation of the ''Five Collections'', Jigme Lingpa gathered Nyingma texts that had become rare, starting with Nyingma tantras held in the manuscript collection of the Mindrolling Monastery. This collection of the Nyingma tantras led to the amassing of the '' Nyingma Gyübum'' (, "Collection of Nyingma Tantras") for which Getse Mahapandita wrote the catalogue, proofread and arranged for its printing by solicitin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew Kapstein
Matthew T. Kapstein is a scholar of Tibetan religions, Buddhism, and the cultural effects of the Chinese occupation of Tibet. He is Numata Visiting Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Chicago Divinity School, and Director of Tibetan Studies at the École pratique des hautes études. Education and career Kapstein graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a bachelor's degree in Sanskrit in 1981. He completed his Ph.D. at Brown University in 1987 under the direction of James Van Cleve. He joined the faculty of the University of Chicago in 1986. In 2002 he moved to the Centre de recherche sur les civilisations asiatiques et orientales of the École pratique des hautes études in Paris, retaining a position at Chicago as Numata Visiting Professor of Buddhist Studies. He has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2018, and is one of four co-editors of the journal ''History of Religions''. Books Kapstein is the author of: * ''Ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
