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ALPHA (drug)
ALPHA, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-ethylbenzylamine, is a psychoactive drug of the substituted benzylamine group and a positional isomer of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). It is also a benzylamine analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). ALPHA was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book ''PIHKAL'' on the MDA page, the threshold dosage is listed as 10mg. At mild threshold dosages (around 10mg) there are eyes-closed "dreams" with some body tingling, at higher doses (up to 140mg) was reported to produce a pleasant, positive feeling. This compound is not anoretic at any dose. Its duration is about 3hours. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of ALPHA. The drug was encountered as a novel designer drug by 1996. See also * M-ALPHA (''N''-methyl analogue) * MDM1EA (3,4-methylenedioxy-α,''N''-dimethylbenzylamine) * Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP) * Homo-MDA * Homo-MDMA Homo-MDMA (HMDMA), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oral Administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the Human mouth, mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications. Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as Injection (medicine), injection. However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow. Terminology ''Per os'' (; ''P.O.'') is an adverbial phrase meaning literally from Latin "through the mouth" or "by mouth". The expression is used in medicine to describe a treatment that is taken orally (but not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacteria, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (biology), cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poison#Poisoning, poisoning in everyday usage. A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are Dose (biochemistry), dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints. Etymology In Ancient G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drugs
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these designer drugs were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzylamines
Benzylamine, also known as phenylmethylamine, is an organic chemical compound with the condensed structural formula C6H5CH2NH2 (sometimes abbreviated as PhCH2NH2 or BnNH2). It consists of a benzyl group, C6H5CH2, attached to an amine functional group, NH2. This colorless water-soluble liquid is a common precursor in organic chemistry and used in the industrial production of many pharmaceuticals. The hydrochloride salt was used to treat motion sickness on the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission in which NASA astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. Manufacturing Benzylamine can be produced by several methods, the main industrial route being the reaction of benzyl chloride and ammonia. It is also produced by the reduction of benzonitrile and reductive amination of benzaldehyde, both done over Raney nickel. : It was first produced accidentally by Rudolf Leuckart in the reaction of benzaldehyde with formamide in a process now known as the Leuckart reaction. Bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzodioxoles
The substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines (abbreviated as MDxx) represent a diverse chemical class of compounds derived from phenethylamines. This category encompasses numerous Psychoactive drug, psychoactive substances with Empathogen, entactogenic, Psychedelic drug, psychedelic, and/or stimulant properties, in addition to entheogens. These compounds find application as research chemicals, designer drugs, and recreational substances. The base chemical compound, compound of the MDxx class is methylenedioxyphenethylamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), and the prototypical agent of this class is MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-methylamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). Other notable MDxx class substances include 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; "Eve"), methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine, ''N''-methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB; "Eden"), and methylenedioxymethcathinone, 3,4-methylenedioxy- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indanorex
Indanorex (Dietor) is a stimulant drug which was developed in the 1970s. It has appetite suppressant effects and also has antihypoglycemia Hypoglycemia (American English), also spelled hypoglycaemia or hypoglycæmia (British English), sometimes called low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal, typically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Whipple's tria ... effects. A chemical synthesis has been reported.Maillard, J. et al, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1967, 2110. See also * Aminoindane * ALPHA (drug) References Tertiary alcohols Anorectics Indanes Stimulants Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homo-MDMA
Homo-MDMA (HMDMA), also known as α,''N''-dimethyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propylamine, is an entactogen-like drug of the phenylpropylamine group related to MDMA. It is an analogue of MDMA in which the side chain has been lengthened by one carbon atom. It showed very weak induction of serotonin release (much less than that of MDMA or methamphetamine) and no significant release of dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. As such, its monoamine-releasing activity was said to have been essentially abolished relative to MDMA. The drug partially substituted for MDMA in rodent drug discrimination tests but produced seizures at high doses. Based on unpublished findings by Alexander Shulgin, homo-MDMA has been said to be inactive in humans. However, it has been encountered as a designer and recreational drug in Japan and was being sold as " MBDB". It is not a controlled substance in the United States as of 2011. See also * Homo-MDA * MDM1EA * ALPHA Alpha (uppercase , lower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homo-MDA
Homo-MDA (HMDA), also known as α-methyl-γ-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propylamine, is a entactogen-like drug related to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). It is an analogue of MDA in which the side chain has been lengthened by one carbon atom. Unlike the stimulant amphetamine and the psychedelic DOM, and in contrast to MDA, homo-MDA has no effect on locomotor activity in rodents. It was found to be more toxic than MDA in rodents. The effects of homo-MDA in humans are unknown. It is not a controlled substance in the United States as of 2011. See also * Homo-MDMA * MDM1EA * ALPHA Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter ''aleph'' , whose name comes from the West Semitic word for ' ... * M-ALPHA References External links Homo-MDA - isomer design Amines Benzodioxoles {{Pharmacology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine
1-(3,4-Methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBZP, piperonylpiperazine) is a chemical compound of the piperazine chemical class related to benzylpiperazine (BZP). MDBZP has been sold as a designer drug and has even been found as an ingredient in street Ecstasy pills. See also * 3,4-Methylenedioxy-''N''-methylamphetamine (MDMA) * Substituted piperazine * MDM1EA ''N''-Methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-ethanamine (MDM1EA), also known as α,''N''-dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzylamine (α,''N''-DMMDBA) or as α,''N''-dimethylpiperonylamine, is an entactogen-like drug of the benzylamine family related t ... References External links * Benzodioxoles Benzylpiperazines Designer drugs 1-Piperazinyl compounds {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MDM1EA
''N''-Methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-ethanamine (MDM1EA), also known as α,''N''-dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzylamine (α,''N''-DMMDBA) or as α,''N''-dimethylpiperonylamine, is an entactogen-like drug of the benzylamine family related to MDMA. It is the analogue of MDMA in which the side chain has been shortened by one carbon atom. The drug has been found to be a weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor and partially substituted for MDMA in rodent drug discrimination tests at the highest assessed doses. The effects of α,''N''-DMMDBA in humans are unknown. It is not a controlled substance in the United States as of 2011. Homo-MDMA (HMDMA), an analogue of MDMA in which the side chain was extended by one carbon atom, has also been synthesized and studied. It partially substituted for MDMA similarly to MDM1EA. See also * ALPHA * M-ALPHA * Benzylpiperazine Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a substance often used as a recreational drug and is known to have euphoriant and stimu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane
M-ALPHA, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-ethyl-''N''-methylbenzylamine or as α-ethyl-''N''-methylpiperonylamine, is a psychoactive drug of the substituted benzylamine group. It was reported by Alexander Shulgin in his book PIHKAL as a positional isomer of MDMA. Subsequently, the drug was encountered as a designer drug in the United Kingdom in 2010 and was reported to the EMCDDA new drug monitoring service. It was described by Shulgin as similar in action to its demethylated homologue, ALPHA, but with roughly twice the duration and twice the potency. ALPHA itself was described as active at doses of 10 to 140mg, with a duration of about 3hours, and producing eyes-closed "dreams", some body tingling, and a pleasant positive feeling, but without any appetite suppression. M-ALPHA was encountered as a designer drug by 2010. See also * ALPHA * MDM1EA * Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP) * Filenadol * Isoethcathinone * Methylenedioxyphencyclidine * M-α-HMCA * Homo-MDA * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these designer drugs were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
