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-monas
The suffix -monas is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "unicellular organism". Meaning The suffix -monas found in many genera in microbiology is similar in usage to -bacter, -bacillus, -coccus or -spirillum. The genera with the suffix are not a monophyletic group and the suffix is chosen over -bacter, often simply out of stylistic preferences to match with Greek words. The first genus to be given the suffix -monas was ''Pseudomonas'', a genus of gammaproteobacteria. The generic epithet ''Pseudomonas'' was coined by Walter Migula in 1894, who did not give an etymology.Migula, W. (1900) System der Bakterien, Vol. 2. Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer. Since the 7th edition of Bergey's manual (=top authority in bacterial nomenclature), other authors have given the etymology to be: Greek (, false) and (, single unit or monad), which can mean "false unit". However, "false unit" conceptually does not make much sense, namely, it does not mean "an organism which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
-bacter
The suffix -bacter is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "bacteria". Meaning Bacter is a Neo-Latin (i.e. Modern Latin) term coined from bacterium, which in turn derives from the Greek ''βακτήριον'', meaning small staff (diminutive of βακτηρία). Consequently, it formally means "rod". It differs from the suffix ''-bacterium'' in grammatical gender, as the suffix ''-bacter'' is male, whereas the suffix ''-bacterium'') is neuter; this was decided in Juridical (or Judicial) Opinion n° 3 of the Bacteriological Code. Nevertheless, for historical reasons, two archaeal species finish in -bacter: '' Methanobrevibacter'' and '' Methanothermobacter''. Usage Juridical Opinion n° 2 in the Bacteriological Code discusses the declension of the word, given that authors differently assumed the genitive case of bacter to be ''bactris'' (3rd declension words of Latin origin ending in =ter), ''bacteri'' (2nd declension) or ''bacteris'' (3rd declension, us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acidomonas
''Acidomonas'' is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria). The genus contains single species, namely '' A. methanolica'', formerly known as '' Acetobacter methanolicus'' Etymology The name ''Acidomonas'' derives from:Latin adjective ''acidus'', sour, acid; Latin feminine gender noun '' monas (μονάς)'', nominally meaning "a unit", but in effect meaning a bacterium; Neo-Latin feminine gender noun ''acidomonas'', acidophilic monad. The specific epithet ''methanolica'' derives from Neo-Latin neuter gender noun ''methanol'', methanol; Latin suff. -''icus'' -''a'' -''um'', suffix used in adjectives with the sense of belonging to; Neo-Latin feminine gender adjective ''methanolica'', relating to methanol. Members of the genus ''Acidomonas'' can be referred to as acidomonad (''viz.'' Trivialisation of names). See also * Bacterial taxonomy * Microbiology Microbiology () is the branches of science, scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a wide range of niches and hosts. Their ease of culture ''in vitro'' and availability of an increasing number of ''Pseudomonas'' strain genome sequences has made the genus an excellent focus for scientific research; the best studied species include '' P. aeruginosa'' in its role as an opportunistic human pathogen, the plant pathogen '' P. syringae'', the soil bacterium '' P. putida'', and the plant growth-promoting '' P. fluorescens, P. lini, P. migulae'', and '' P. graminis''. Because of their widespread occurrence in water and plant seeds such as dicots, the pseudomonads were observed early in the history of microbiology. The generic name ''Pseudomonas'' created for these organisms was defined in rather vague terms by Walter Migula i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns and adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry grammatical information (inflectional endings) or lexical information ( derivational/lexical suffixes)''.'' Inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. Derivational suffixes fall into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation. Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, suffixes are called affirmatives, as they can alter the form of the words. In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings (see Proto-Indo-European root). A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoidKremer, Marion. 1997. ''Person reference and gender in translation: a contrastive investigation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vernacular Name
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of language, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, a particular language variety that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc. Overview Like any native language variety, a vernacular has an internally coherent system of grammar. It may be associated with a particular set of vocabulary, and spoken using a variety of accents, styles, and registers. As American linguist John McWhorter describes about a number of dialects spok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaproteobacteria
''Alphaproteobacteria'' or ''α-proteobacteria'', also called ''α-Purple bacteria'' in earlier literature, is a class of bacteria in the phylum '' Pseudomonadota'' (formerly "Proteobacteria"). The '' Magnetococcales'' and '' Mariprofundales'' are considered basal or sister to the ''Alphaproteobacteria''. The ''Alphaproteobacteria'' are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all ''Proteobacteria'', its members are gram-negative, although some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable. Characteristics The ''Alphaproteobacteria'' are a diverse taxon and comprise several phototrophic genera, several genera metabolising C1-compounds (e.g. ''Methylobacterium'' spp.), symbionts of plants (e.g. '' Rhizobium'' spp.), endosymbionts of arthropods ('' Wolbachia'') and intracellular pathogens (e.g. '' Rickettsia''). Moreover, the class is sister to the protomitochondrion, the bacterium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym "Proteobacteria") is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. Currently, they are considered the predominant phylum within the domain of bacteria. They are naturally found as pathogenic and free-living (non- parasitic) genera. The phylum comprises six classes ''Acidithiobacillia, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Hydrogenophilia'', and '' Zetaproteobacteria.'' The Pseudomonadota are widely diverse, with differences in morphology, metabolic processes, relevance to humans, and ecological influence. Classification American microbiologist Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". The group was later formally named the 'Proteobacteria' after the Greek god Proteus, who was known to assume many forms. In 2021 the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes designated the synonym Pseudomonadota, and renamed many other prokaryotic phyla as well. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermoplasmatales
Thermoplasmatales is an order (biology), order of archaeans in the class Thermoplasmata. All are acidophiles, growing optimally at pH below 2. ''Picrophilus'' is currently the most acidophile, acidophilic of all known organisms, being capable of growing at a pH of -0.06. Many of these organisms do not contain a cell wall, although this is not true in the case of ''Picrophilus''. Most members of the Thermotoplasmata are thermophilic. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). See also * List of Archaea genera References * Further reading Scientific journals * * * Scientific books * * * External links Archaea taxonomic orders Euryarchaeota {{Euryarchaeota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermoplasmata
Thermoplasmata is a class of archaeans in the phylum Thermoplasmatota. All are acidophiles, growing optimally at pH below 2. '' Picrophilus'' is currently the most acidophilic of all known organisms growing at a minimum pH of 0.06. Many of these organisms do not contain a cell wall, although this is not true in the case of '' Picrophilus''. Most members of Thermoplasmata are thermophilic. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is lo ... (NCBI). See also * List of Archaea genera References Further reading Scientific journals * * * * Scientific books * * External links Archaea classes Euryarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermogymnomonas
Thermoplasmatales is an order (biology), order of archaeans in the class Thermoplasmata. All are acidophiles, growing optimally at pH below 2. ''Picrophilus'' is currently the most acidophile, acidophilic of all known organisms, being capable of growing at a pH of -0.06. Many of these organisms do not contain a cell wall, although this is not true in the case of ''Picrophilus''. Most members of the Thermotoplasmata are thermophilic. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). See also * List of Archaea genera References * Further reading Scientific journals * * * Scientific books * * * External links Archaea taxonomic orders Euryarchaeota {{Euryarchaeota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halobacteriaceae
Halobacteriaceae is a family in the order Halobacteriales and the domain Archaea. ''Halobacteriaceae'' represent a large part of halophilic Archaea, along with members in two other methanogenic families, ''Methanosarcinaceae'' and ''Methanocalculaceae''. The family consists of many diverse genera that can survive extreme environmental niches. Most commonly, Halobacteriaceae are found in hypersaline lakes and can even tolerate sites polluted by heavy metals. They include neutrophiles, acidophiles (ex. ''Halarchaeum acidiphilum''), alkaliphiles (ex. '' Natronobacterium''), and there have even been psychrotolerant species discovered (ex. ''Hrr. lacusprofundi''). Some members have been known to live aerobically, as well as anaerobically, and they come in many different morphologies. These diverse morphologies include rods in genus Halobacterium, cocci in Halococcus, flattened discs or cups in Haloferax, and other shapes ranging from flattened triangles in Haloarcula to squares ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halobacteriales
Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide. Halobacteria can exist in salty environments because although they are aerobes they have a separate and different way of creating ener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
