Ternopil, known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

in western

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. The population of Ternopil was estimated at The city is the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

Ternopil Oblast Ternopil Oblast (), also referred to as Ternopilshchyna () or Ternopillia (), is an Oblasts of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its Capital (political), administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret (river), Seret, a tribu ...

(

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

), as well as of surrounding Ternopil Raion (

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

) within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Ternopil urban hromada, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine.

History

The city was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and Hetman

Jan Amor Tarnowski Jan Amor Tarnowski (Latin: Joannes Tarnovius; 1488 – 16 May 1561) was a Polish people, Polish szlachta, nobleman, knight, military commander, military theoretician, and statesman of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. He was Grand Crown He ...

. Its Polish name, ''Tarnopol'', means 'Tarnowski's city' and stems from a combination of the founder's family name and the Greek term ''

polis Polis (: poleis) means 'city' in Ancient Greek. The ancient word ''polis'' had socio-political connotations not possessed by modern usage. For example, Modern Greek πόλη (polē) is located within a (''khôra''), "country", which is a πατ ...

''. The city served as a military stronghold and castle protecting the eastern borders of Polish Kingdom from Tatar raids. On 15 April 1540, the

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

, Sigismund I the Old, in

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

gave Tarnowski permission to establish Tarnopol, near Sopilcze (''Sopilche''). In 1570, the city passed to the Ostrogski family, and in 1623 to the Zamoyski family. During the

Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, Khmelnytsky insurrection, or the National Liberation War, was a Cossack uprisings, Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Poli ...

, many residents of the city joined the ranks of the Cossack forces. During the 1672–1676 Polish–Ottoman War, Tarnopol was almost completely destroyed by Turkish forces of Ibrahim Shishman Pasha in 1675, then rebuilt by Aleksander Koniecpolski. In 1772, after the

First Partition of Poland The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia an ...

, the city came under Austrian rule. In 1809, after the War of the Fifth Coalition, the city came under Russian rule, incorporated into the newly created ''Ternopol krai'', but in 1815 returned to Austrian rule in accordance with the

Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon, Napol ...

. In 1870 Tarnopol was connected by railway with

Lemberg Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

. During

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, the city passed from German and Austro-Hungarian forces to Russia several times. In 1917, the city and its castle were burned down by fleeing Russian forces. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the city was proclaimed as part of the

West Ukrainian People's Republic The West Ukrainian People's Republic (; West Ukrainian People's Republic#Name, see other names) was a short-lived state that controlled most of Eastern Galicia from November 1918 to July 1919. It included major cities of Lviv, Ternopil, Kolom ...

on 11 November 1918. After Polish forces captured Lwów during the Polish-Ukrainian War, Tarnopol became the country's temporary capital. After the act of union between the West Ukrainian Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic, Ternopil formally became part of the UPR. On 15 July 1919, the city was captured. The Jewish and German population accepted the new Ukrainian state, but the Poles started a military campaign against the Ukrainian authority ..On November 11, 1918 following bloody fighting, the Polish forces captured Lwów. The government of the WUPR moved to Ternopol and from the end of December the Council and the Government of the WUPR were located in Stanislaviv.
West Ukrainian People's Republic
in the "Dovidnyk z istoriï Ukraïny" (A hand-book on the History of Ukraine), 3-Volumes, Kyiv, 1993–1999, (t. 1), (t. 2), (t. 3). by Polish forces. In July and August 1920, the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

captured Ternopil in the course of the Polish-Soviet War, and the city served as the capital of the short-lived Galician Soviet Socialist Republic. Under the terms of the Riga treaty, the area remained under Polish control. Kostel Ternopil

As a consequence of the

Soviet invasion of Poland The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Second Polish Republic, Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Polan ...

in 1939, Ternopil was incorporated into the

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. ...

as part of Ternopol Oblast. On 2 July 1941, the city was occupied by the Nazis. Between then and July 1943, 10,000 Jews were killed by Nazi Germans with the help of ukrainian militia, and another 6,000 were rounded up and sent to Belzec extermination camp. A few hundred others went to labor camps. During most of this time Jews lived in the Tarnopol Ghetto. Many Ukrainians were sent as forced labour to Germany. Following the act of restoration of the Ukrainian state, proclaimed by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

on 30 June 1941, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) was active in the Ternopil region and battled for the independence of Ukraine, opposing the Polish underground Armia Krajowa and People's Army of Poland as well as the Nazis and the Soviets. In 1942 the Germans operated the Stalag 323

prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured as Prisoner of war, prisoners of war by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, inte ...

for French POWs in the city. During the Soviet offensive in March and April 1944, the city was almost completely destroyed by Soviet artillery. It was occupied by the Red Army on 15 April 1944. After the second Soviet occupation, 85% of the city's living quarters were destroyed. Following the Potsdam Conference in 1945, Poland's borders were redrawn and Ternopil was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. The ethnic Polish population of the area was forcibly deported to postwar Poland. In the following decades, Ternopil was rebuilt in a typical Soviet style and only a few buildings were reconstructed. Following the

fall of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of Nationalities, Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. :s: ...

, Ternopil became part of independent

, as a city of regional significance. On 31 December 2013, the 11th Artillery Brigade, the descendant of artillery units that had been based in the city since 1949, was disbanded. In 2020, as part of the administrative reform in Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion. During the

Russo-Ukrainian War The Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014 and is ongoing. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia Russian occupation of Crimea, occupied and Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, annexed Crimea from Ukraine. It then ...

, Ternopil was struck by Russian missiles on 13 May 2023, minutes before Ternopil natives Tvorchi performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023.

Geography

Climate

Ternopil has a moderate

continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in central and eastern parts of the three northern-tier continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), typi ...

with cold winters and warm summers.

Demographics

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Ukrainians. Both Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are also homogeneously Ukrainian-speaking. National breakdown of

(total population 1,138,500): * Ukrainians: 1,113,500 (97.8%) * Russians: 14,250 (1.2%) * Poles: 3,800 (0.3%) Native languages in Ternopil: *

Ukrainian language Ukrainian (, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the first language, first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians. Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet, a variant of t ...

: 94.8% *

Russian language Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is ...

: 3.37% *

Belarusian language Belarusian (, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language. It is one of the two Languages of Belarus, official languages in Belarus, the other being Russian language, Russian. It is also spoken in parts of Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Polan ...

: 0.07% *

Polish language Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spo ...

: 0.04% According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in 2023, 98% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home and 1% spoke Russian.

Economy

Ternopil is a centre for the

light industry Light industry are Industry (economics), industries that usually are less Capital intensity, capital-intensive than heavy industry, heavy industries and are more consumer-oriented than business-oriented, as they typically produce smaller consum ...

food industry The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population. The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditional, ...

, radio-electronic and construction industries. In the Soviet and early post-Soviet period, a harvester plant and a porcelain factory operated in the city.

Transport

Ternopil is an important railway hub with connections to most major railway stations of Ukraine. The city lies on the M12 international highway connecting western and central regions of Ukraine. Trolleybus lines and a bus station are active in the city. Water transport operates on Ternopil artificial lake mostly for tourist purposes. An airport was opened for civilian traffic in 1985, but ceased commercial operations in 2010.

Higher education

Universities include: * West Ukrainian National University * Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj National Technical University * Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University * Ternopil State Medical University

Main sights

* Ternopil Regional Art Museum * Ternopil Drama Theater * Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, Ternopil * Ukrainian Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary * The sanctuary of Our Lady of Zarvanytsia with a miraculous icon of the 13th century called icon of the Mother of God of Zarvanytsia, sanctuary of Greek-Catholic rite. Located about 40 km from Ternopil, celebrated on 22 July.

Notable people

* Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963), Polish philosopher and logician, researched

model theory In mathematical logic, model theory is the study of the relationship between theory (mathematical logic), formal theories (a collection of Sentence (mathematical logic), sentences in a formal language expressing statements about a Structure (mat ...

* Henryk Baranowski (1943–2013), Polish theatre, opera and film director, actor, playwright and poet * Vasyl Barvinsky (1888–1963), Ukrainian composer, pianist, conductor and musicologist * Eugeniusz Baziak (1890–1962), Archbishop of

and apostolic administrator of

. * Natalia Buchynska (born 1977), singer, brought up in Ternopil. * Mykola Bychok (born 1980), Ukrainian Greek Catholic cardinal and bishop * Vitaly Derekh (1987–2022), Ukrainian journalist and soldier * Mariia Dilai (born 1980), Ukrainian artist, designer, and social activist * Alexandre Eremenko (born 1954), Ukrainian-American mathematician * Daria Chubata (born 1940), Ukrainian physician, author and social activist * Mykola Chubatyi (1889-1975), historian of Ukrainian Church * Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski (1885–1940), aristocratic Polish landowner and

Katyn massacre The Katyn massacre was a series of mass killings under Communist regimes, mass executions of nearly 22,000 Polish people, Polish military officer, military and police officers, border guards, and intelligentsia prisoners of war carried out by t ...

victim * Charlotte Eisler (1894-1970), Austrian singer and pianist with the Second Viennese School * Kornel Filipowicz (1913–1990), Polish novelist, poet, screenwriter and short story writer * Franciszek Kleeberg (1888–1941), Polish general in the Austro-Hungarian Army * Bohdan Levkiv (1950–2021), Ukrainian politician and mayor of Ternopil from 2002 to 2006 * Pepi Litman (1874–1930), cross-dressing female Yiddish vaudeville singer * Kazimierz Michałowski, (1901–1981), Polish archaeologist, Egyptologist and art historian * Serhiy Nadal (born 1975), Ukrainian politician and mayor of Ternopil since 2010 * Yuriy Oliynyk (1931–2021), Ukrainian composer, concert pianist and professor of music in the United States Stecko

* Jakub Karol Parnas (1884–1949), biochemist, born in Ternopil * Joseph Perl, (1773–1839), Ashkenazi Jewish educator and writer, a scion of the

Haskalah The ''Haskalah'' (; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Wester ...

* Simhah Pinsker (1801–1864), Polish-Jewish scholar and archeologist * Antoni Reichenberg (1825–1903), Polish priest, Jesuit, and artist * Rudolf Pöch (1870–1921), doctor and anthropologist; pioneer photographer and cinematographer * Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer (1880–1934), Polish writer and novelist based in Lviv and politician * Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport (1786–1867), a Galician and Czech rabbi and Jewish scholar * Karol Rathaus (1895—1954), Polish-Austrian-American modernist composer * Eduard Romanyuta (born 1992), Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actor and TV presenter * Baron Lajos Simonyi de Barbács et Vitézvár (1824–1894), Hungarian politician * Ruslan Stefanchuk (born 1975), Ukrainian politician, party chairman and lawyer * Yaroslav Stetsko (1912–1986), leader of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) from 1968 * Oleh Syrotyuk (born 1978), Ukrainian politician, Governor of Ternopil Oblast in 2014 * Jan Tarnowski (1488-1561), Polish general and nobleman, founder of Ternopil (as Tarnopol). * Judd L. Teller (1912–1972), Jewish author, social historian and poet; emigrated to the United States in 1921 * Tvorchi,

electronic music Electronic music broadly is a group of music genres that employ electronic musical instruments, circuitry-based music technology and software, or general-purpose electronics (such as personal computers) in its creation. It includes both music ...

duo that represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 * Baroness Adelma Vay (1840–1925), medium and pioneer of spiritualism in Slovenia and Hungary

Sport

* Olga Babiy (born 1989), Ukrainian chess player and Woman Grandmaster * Petr Badlo (born 1976), Ukrainian football manager and former footballer with 470 club caps * Olha Maslivets (born 1978), Russian windsurfer who competed at four Summer Olympics * Ihor Semenyna (born 1989), Ukrainian football midfielder with 330 club caps

People from Ternopil Oblast

* Aleksander Brückner, (1856 in Berezhany – 1939), Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literature * Volodymyr Hnatiuk (1871 in Velesniv, Buchach – 1926), Ukrainian writer, literary scholar, journalist and ethnographer * Bohdan Lepky (1872-1941), Ukrainian writer, poet and artist * Ivan Horbachevsky (1854-1942), Ukrainian chemist and politician active in

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

, Minister of Healthcare of

Cisleithania Cisleithania, officially The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (), was the northern and western part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of 1867—as distinguished from ''Transleithania'' (i.e., ...

* Josyf Slipyj (1892-1984), Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest, Metropolitan of Lviv and Halych * Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872 in Biliavyntsi — 1952), Ukrainian

soprano A soprano () is a type of classical singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types. The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation) is from approximately middle C (C4) = 261 Hertz, Hz to A5 in Choir, choral ...

* Bohdan Lepky (1872 in Krehulets – 1941), Ukrainian writer, poet, scholar, public figure, and artist * Ivan Pului (1845 in Hrymailiv – 1918), physicist and inventor, developed use of X-rays for

medical imaging Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to revea ...

* Casimir Zeglen (1869 near Tarnopol - 1927), Polish-American engineer, inventor of commercial bulletproof vest * Methodius (Kudriakov) (1949-2015), metropolitan of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. * Serhiy Prytula (born 1981 in Zbarazh), Ukrainian TV show host, political activist, founder of Charity Foundation of Serhiy Prytula * Volodymyr Chornobay (born 1954), Ukrainian artist * Karolina Shiino (born 1997), Japanese model and disgraced winner of the 2024 Miss Nippon pageant

Lived in Ternopil

* Sofia Yablonska (1907-1971), Ukrainian-French travel writer, photographer and architect * Les Kurbas (1887-1937), Ukrainian theatre director and actor, founder of the first Ukrainian theatre in Ternopil

International relations

Ternopil is twinned with: * Erftstadt,

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

since 2023 * Sliven,

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

Yonkers Yonkers () is the List of municipalities in New York, third-most populous city in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York and the most-populous City (New York), city in Westchester County, New York, Westchester County. A centrally locate ...

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

''(since 1991)'' * Elbląg in

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

''(since 1992)'' * Chorzów,

* Prudentopolis,

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

Batumi Batumi (; ka, ბათუმი ), historically Batum or Batoum, is the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), second-largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia and the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, located on the coast ...

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

Former twin towns include: *

Tarnów Tarnów () is a city in southeastern Poland with 105,922 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east– ...

* Pinsk in

Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...

Stadium naming controversy

In 2021, Ternopil created international outrage, especially in the Jewish community, by deciding to name a city stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator

Roman Shukhevych Roman-Taras Osypovych Shukhevych (, also known by his pseudonym, Tur and Taras Chuprynka; 30 June 1907 – 5 March 1950) was a Ukrainian nationalism, Ukrainian nationalist and a military leader of the nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) ...

. Shukhevych was the military leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during World War II and was known for his collaboration with the Nazi regime as well as his responsibility for the

massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia The Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia (; ) were carried out in Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), with the support of parts of the local Ukrainians, Ukrainian popu ...

. As a result, the City Council of

decided to suspend its partnership with Ternopil. Joel Lion, the Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine, expressed Israel’s strong objection to the city's choice to name the stadium in honor of Roman Shukhevych. Lion wrote, ''"We strongly condemn the decision of Ternopil city council to name the City Stadium after the infamous Hauptman (Captain) of the SS 201st Schutzmannschaft Roman Shukhevych and demand the immediate cancellation of this decision"''. The Eastern Europe Director of the

Simon Wiesenthal Center The Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) is a Jewish human rights organization established in 1977 by Rabbi Marvin Hier. The center is known for Holocaust research and remembrance, hunting Nazi war criminals, combating antisemitism, tolerance educati ...

, Efraim Zuroff wrote, ''"It is fully understandable that Ternopil seeks to honor those who fought against Soviet Communism, but not those behind the mass murder of innocent fellow citizens."'' in a statement attempting to convince Ternopil to reconsider the ''"renaming of its stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator, Hauptmann of the SS Schutzmannschaft 201, Roman Shukhevych, an active participant in the mass murder of Jews and Poles in World War II."''

Russo-Ukrainian War

In June 2022, due to the full-scale Russian invasion and missile strikes from the territory of

, Ternopil suspended its partnership with the city of Pinsk.

Festivals

An international open-air music festival called has been held annually near Ternopil for 2–4 days in July since 2013.

Notes

References

Sources

* A. Bresler, Joseph Perl, ''Warsaw'', 1879, passim; * '' Allg. Zeit. des Jud.'' 1839, iii. 606; * * J. H. Gurland, ''Le-Ḳarot ha-Gezerot'', p. 22,

Odesa Odesa, also spelled Odessa, is the third most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern ...

, 1892; * * Orgelbrandt, in ''Encyklopedia Powszechna'', xiv. 409;

External links

* *
Ternopil City Council

Ternopil photosTernopil City Sights

Historical footage of war damages at Ternopil (1917)
filmportal.de * {{Authority control Cities in Ternopil Oblast Holocaust locations in Ukraine Populated places established in 1540 Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Oblast centers in Ukraine