Wuthering Heights (song)

"Wuthering Heights" is the debut single by the English singer-songwriter Kate Bush, released on 20 January 1978 through EMI Records. It was released as the lead single from Bush's debut album, ''The Kick Inside'' (1978). It uses unusual harmonic progressions and irregular phrase lengths, with lyrics inspired by the 1847 novel ''Wuthering Heights'' by Emily Brontë. Bush wrote it in a single evening at the age of 18.

"Wuthering Heights" has spent 14 weeks in the UK singles chart and spent 4 weeks at No. 1 in March 1978. This made Bush the first female artist to achieve a number-one single with an entirely self-written song. It also reached the top of the charts in Australia, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, and Portugal.

In 2016, ''Pitchfork'' named "Wuthering Heights" the fifth-greatest song of the 1970s. In 2020, ''The Guardian'' ranked it as the 14th-best UK number-one single. It is certified platinum in the UK for sales and streams of over 600,000 units. A remix featuring rerecorded vocals was included on Bush's first compilation album, ''The Whole Story'' (1986), and included as the B-side to her 1986 single " Experiment IV".

Composition

Bush wrote "Wuthering Heights" aged 18, in a few hours late at night on 5 March 1977. She was inspired after seeing the 1967 BBC adaptation of the 1847 novel ''Wuthering Heights''. She subsequently read the novel and discovered that she shared her birthday with its author, Emily Brontë.

"Wuthering Heights" is sung from the perspective of the ''Wuthering Heights'' character Catherine Earnshaw, a ghost pleading at Heathcliff's window to be allowed in. It quotes Catherine's dialogue, including the lyrics "I'm so cold", "let me in", and "bad dreams in the night". The critic Simon Reynolds described it as " Gothic romance distilled into four-and-a-half minutes of gaseous rhapsody". The music and lyrics establish a duality between the real world and the afterlife. The real world is associated with the past tense and a tonic of A major, whereas Cathy's afterlife is associated with the present tense and a tonic of D♭ major. The song also uses unusual harmonic progressions and irregular phrase lengths.

Bush recorded her vocal in a single take. Her performance uses manipulations in soft palate to produce changes in vocal timbre, a technique popular among Indian playback singers and in Peking opera. The guitar solo is played by Ian Bairnson, who said that he initially disliked the tone for many years for "purely guitarist reasons". Bairnson played the solo with a broken arm. The engineer, Jon Kelly, said he regretted not placing the solo louder in the mix. The production team, with Bush, began mixing at midnight and stayed until "five or six in the morning".

Release

Bush's record company, EMI, originally chose another track, "James and the Cold Gun", as the lead single, but Bush was determined to use "Wuthering Heights". The single was initially scheduled for 4 November 1977; however, Bush was unhappy with the cover and insisted it be replaced. Some copies of the single had already been sent out to radio stations, but EMI relented and put back the single's launch until 20 January 1978.

The single cover artwork mirrored that used for the album cover; both featured a photograph of Bush "clinging to a large painted dragon kite, gliding across a vast, all-seeing eye", taken by Jay Myrdal.

"Wuthering Heights" entered the charts in the week ending 11 February 1978 at No. 42. The following week it rose to No. 27, and Bush made her first appearance on ''Top of the Pops''. The song was added to BBC Radio 1's playlist the following week and became one of the most-played records on radio. In 1986, the first pressings of her first compilation album ''The Whole Story'' erroneously stated the release date for this single as 4 November 1977.

Music videos

Version 1 (Indoor Version)

There are two music videos with similar choreography were created to accompany "Wuthering Heights". Bush created the choreography and dance moves to suggest her character is a ghost (as in this scene in the novel), without explicitly stating as much. Kate Bush's Version 1 (indoor version) video was heavily inspired by 1967 BBC version of Wuthering Heights. In Kate Bush's music video titled "Kate Bush - Wuthering Heights - Official Music Video - Version 1" Kate Bush is seen in a white dress with deep, black eyeliner and mist surrounding her in a dark room. In BBC's 1967 adaptation of Wuthering Heights at the two and a half hour mark, there is a scene where Catherine Earnshaw is outside the window with wide eyes and snow surrounding her in complete darkness with a white hue around her face. The words that Catherine speaks are "I've come home" which matches Kate Bush's lyrics "It's me, I'm Cathy, I've come home. I'm so cold. Let me in-a-your-window." Critics have described this video as a milestone in the history of music videos before the MTV era, with ''Pitchfork'' putting it on number three on the list of greatest music videos from the 70s.

The version 1 music video also offer a different perspective when it comes to the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. Nelly Dean narrates the entire story which leads to a skewed version of Heathcliff and Cathy's relationship. She is directly involved in many of the events, expressing the depths of certain situations, but continues to be an unreliable narrator due to her "insensitivity" and "emotional inadequacy" as she follows their romance. Kate Bush's song and music videos turn these important scenes into a first person point of view with lines such as “You had a temper, like my jealousy / too hot too greedy.” Because of this, Kate Bush's music videos are used by professors as a way to show the haunting themes in the novel ''Wuthering Heights.''

Version 2 (Outdoor Version)

In the outside version, Version 2 titled "Kate Bush - Wuthering Heights - Official Music Video - Version 2", Bush is shown dancing—'out in the wily, windy moors'—in a grassy area located on Salisbury Plain (inspired by the novel's moors) with Scots pine trees in the background, on an overcast day, while wearing a flowy red dress.
The exact location is called "Baden's Clump" near Sidbury Hill, close to the town of Tidworth in Wiltshire. This video was filmed on the morning of 26 October 1977. The red dress has been referenced numerous times in popular culture.

This music video has been influential in sparking events such as " The Most Wuthering Heights Day Ever". To imitate Kate Bush, the participants called "Cathy's" would wear a red dress with black accessories and red lipstick as the signature look. Though the music video was filmed in the grassy area of Salisbury Plain, this event has made its way to many other places and countries such as the United States. One of the first events in the US was located in James Madison Park in Wisconsin in 2016. This is how Kate Bush has expanded outside of the BBC adaptation and more into her own version of "Wuthering Heights" and the love story within.

Chart performance

After being delayed for two months, "Wuthering Heights" was officially released in early 1978 and entered the top forty in the official singles chart in the United Kingdom at number twenty-seven on 18 February. It rose to number one three weeks later dethroning ABBA's "Take a Chance on Me" from the top spot. Bush became the first female artist to have an entirely self-written number one in the UK. The single release unwittingly pitted Bush against another female vocalist also charting with her first UK hit: Debbie Harry with her band Blondie and their single " Denis", which stalled at number two. "Wuthering Heights" remained at number one for a month until it was replaced at the top by Brian and Michael's celebration of the then-recently deceased artist L. S. Lowry, " Matchstalk Men and Matchstalk Cats and Dogs". Bush's debut single finished the year as the tenth highest-selling and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry, denoting sales of over half a million.

"Wuthering Heights" also hit number one in Ireland, in Italy, in New Zealand, where it spent five weeks at number one and achieved platinum status, and in Australia, where it stayed at the top of the charts for three consecutive weeks and achieved gold status. It proved to be one of the biggest hits of 1978 in Denmark. It reached the top ten in Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, France, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, as well as the top twenty in Austria and West Germany. Bush had performed the song on the first episode of the West German music talk show '' Bio's Bahnhof'' on 9 February 1978.

Following the live performance of the song by Laura Bunting on '' The Voice'' in Australia, "Wuthering Heights" re-entered the country's top 40 in 2012, 34 years after its original release in 1978.

Legacy

A remixed version, featuring rerecorded vocals, was included on the 1986 greatest hits album ''The Whole Story''. This version also appeared as the B-side to her 1986 hit " Experiment IV".

In 2018, as part of the Bradford Literature Festival, it was announced that Bush had been invited to write an epitaph to Emily Brontë, which would be inscribed on one of four stones erected near the Brontë's home in Haworth, West Yorkshire. Commenting on the unveiling of her poem, entitled ''Emily'', Bush said "to be asked to write a piece for Emily's stone is an honour and, in a way, a chance to say thank you to her".

A flash mob event known as the Most Wuthering Heights Day Ever was officially created in 2016 and is held annually. Fans gather in locations around the world to recreate the "red dress" video. Upon seeing a video clip of the event, Bush said that she found it "very touching and sweet".

Pat Benatar recorded a cover version of this song for her 1980 album '' Crimes of Passion.

The song has been interpreted by comedians Steve Coogan and Noel Fielding, on two occasions, as part of the BBC fundraising telethon ''Comic Relief''. Coogan sang the song in the 1999 show as part of a medley of other Bush material in character as Alan Partridge. Fielding performed to the song in the 2011 series of '' Let's Dance for Comic Relief'', placing in the final of the competition.

"Wuthering Heights" is also featured on the album '' Angels Cry'', released by Brazilian power metal band Angra in 1993.

Personnel

Credits sourced from ''Sound on Sound'' magazine
* Kate Bush – lead vocals, piano
* Andrew Powell – arrangements, bass guitar, celesta
* Duncan Mackay – Hammond organ
* David Paton – 12-string acoustic guitars
* Ian Bairnson – electric and acoustic guitars
* Stuart Elliott – drums
* Morris Pert – crotales
* David Katz – orchestral contractor

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

See also

* List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1970s

References

External links

*

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1977 songs
1978 debut singles
Kate Bush songs
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
UK singles chart number-one singles
Songs written by Kate Bush
EMI Records singles
Works based on Wuthering Heights
Song recordings produced by Andrew Powell
Music based on novels
Pop ballads
1970s ballads
Rock ballads
Songs about ghosts
Songs about fictional characters