This is a list presents the various articles at Wikipedia that use the term equilibrium (or an associated prefix or derivative) in their titles or leads. It is not necessarily complete; further examples may be found by using the Wikipedia search function, and this term.

Biology Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, History of life, origin, evolution, and ...

Equilibrioception The sense of balance or equilibrioception is the perception of balance and spatial orientation. It helps prevent humans and nonhuman animals from falling over when standing or moving. Equilibrioception is the result of a number of sensory sy ...

, the sense of a balance present in human beings and animals * Equilibrium unfolding, the process of unfolding a protein or RNA molecule by gradually changing its environment *

Genetic equilibrium Genetic equilibrium is the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation. Genetic equilibrium describes a theoretical state that is the basis for determini ...

, theoretical state in which a population is not evolving *

Homeostasis In biology, homeostasis (British English, British also homoeostasis; ) is the state of steady internal physics, physical and chemistry, chemical conditions maintained by organism, living systems. This is the condition of optimal functioning fo ...

, the ability of an open system, especially living organisms, to regulate its internal environment *

Punctuated equilibrium In evolutionary biology, punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a Scientific theory, theory that proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record, the population will become stable, showing little evolution, evol ...

, theory in evolutionary biology *

Sedimentation equilibrium Sedimentation equilibrium in a suspension of different particles, such as molecules, exists when the rate of transport of each material in any one direction due to sedimentation equals the rate of transport in the opposite direction due to diffusio ...

, analytical ultracentrifugation method for measuring protein molecular masses in solution * Equilibrium Theory (

Island biogeography Insular biogeography or island biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness and diversification of isolated natural communities. The theory was originally developed to explain the pattern ...

), MacArthur-Wilson theory explaining biodiversity character of ecological islands * Osmotic equilibrium, balance between solvent flow and pressure across a membrane

Physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

Equilibrant force In mechanics, an equilibrant force is a force which brings a body into mechanical equilibrium. According to Newton's second law, a body has zero acceleration when the vector sum of all the forces acting upon it is zero: :\sum \mathbf F = m \mat ...

, which keeps any object motionless and acts on virtually every object in the world that is not moving *

Equilibrium mode distribution The equilibrium mode owerdistribution of light travelling in an optical waveguide or fiber, is the distribution of light that is no longer changing with fibre length or with input modal excitation. This phenomenon requires both mode filtering and ...

, the state of fiber optic or waveguide transmission in which the propagation mode does not vary with distance along the fiber or changes in the launch mode *

Hydrostatic equilibrium In fluid mechanics, hydrostatic equilibrium, also called hydrostatic balance and hydrostasy, is the condition of a fluid or plastic solid at rest, which occurs when external forces, such as gravity, are balanced by a pressure-gradient force. I ...

, the state of a system in which compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient force *

Hyperbolic equilibrium point In the study of dynamical systems, a hyperbolic equilibrium point or hyperbolic fixed point is a fixed point that does not have any center manifolds. Near a hyperbolic point the orbits of a two-dimensional, non-dissipative system resemble hyperbol ...

, a mathematical concept in physics *

Mechanical equilibrium In classical mechanics, a particle is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on that particle is zero. By extension, a physical system made up of many parts is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on each of its individual parts is ze ...

, the state in which the sum of the forces, and torque, on each particle of the system is zero *

Radiative equilibrium Radiative equilibrium is the condition where the total thermal radiation leaving an object is equal to the total thermal radiation entering it. It is one of the several requirements for thermodynamic equilibrium, but it can occur in the absence of t ...

, the state where the energy radiated is balanced by the energy absorbed *

Secular equilibrium In nuclear physics, secular equilibrium is a situation in which the quantity of a radioactive isotope remains constant because its production rate (e.g., due to decay of a parent isotope) is equal to its decay rate. In radioactive decay Secular e ...

, a state of radioactive elements in which the production rate of a daughter nucleus is balanced by its own decay rate *

Thermodynamic equilibrium Thermodynamic equilibrium is a notion of thermodynamics with axiomatic status referring to an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by more or less permeable or impermeable ...

, the state of a thermodynamic system in which there are no net flows of matter or energy

Chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...

Chemical equilibrium In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the Reagent, reactants and Product (chemistry), products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable chan ...

, the state in which the concentrations of the reactants and products have stopped changing in time * Diffusive equilibrium, when the concentrations of each type of particle have stopped changing *

Thermal equilibrium Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of thermal energy between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys the zeroth law of thermodynamics. A system is said to be in t ...

, a state where an object and its surroundings cease to exchange energy in the form of heat, i.e. they are at the same temperature *

Donnan equilibrium Donnan can refer to: * Donnan (surname) * Donnan, Iowa, a community in the United States * Donnán of Eigg, Gaelic priest of the 7th century * Donnan equilibrium ** Donnan potential {{disambig ...

, the distribution of ion species between two ionic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary *

Dynamic equilibrium In chemistry, a dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction occurs. Substances initially transition between the reactants and products at different rates until the forward and backward reaction rates eventually equalize, meaning the ...

, the state in which two reversible processes occur at the same rate *

Equilibrium constant The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency ...

, a quantity characterizing a chemical equilibrium in a chemical reaction *

Partition equilibrium Partition equilibrium is a special case of chemical equilibrium wherein one or more solutes are in equilibrium between two immiscible solvents. The most common chemical equilibrium systems involve reactants and products in the same phase - either ...

, a type of chromatography that is typically used in GC *

Quasistatic equilibrium In thermodynamics, a quasi-static process, also known as a quasi-equilibrium process (from Latin ''quasi'', meaning ‘as if’), is a thermodynamic process that happens slowly enough for the system to remain in internal physical (but not necessa ...

, the quasi-balanced state of a thermodynamic system near to equilibrium in some sense or degree *

Schlenk equilibrium The Schlenk equilibrium, named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk, is a chemical equilibrium taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents and Hauser bases :2 RMgX MgX2 + MgR2 The process described is an equilibrium between two equivalents o ...

, a chemical equilibrium named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents *

Solubility equilibrium Solubility equilibrium is a type of dynamic equilibrium that exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution of that compound. The solid may dissolve unchanged, with dissociation, or with chemical re ...

, any chemical equilibrium between solid and dissolved states of a compound at saturation *

Vapor–liquid equilibrium In thermodynamics and chemical engineering, the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) describes the distribution of a chemical species between the vapor phase and a liquid phase. The Vapor quality, concentration of a vapor in contact with its liquid, ...

, where the rates of condensation and vapourization of a material are equal

Economics Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interac ...

Competitive equilibrium Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is a concept of economic equilibrium, introduced by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu in 1951, appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and ...

, economic equilibrium when all buyers and sellers are small relative to the market *

Economic equilibrium In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced, meaning that economic variables will no longer change. Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is es ...

, the situation in a system under examination where the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced *

Equilibrium price In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced, meaning that economic variables will no longer change. Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is esta ...

, the price at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded *

General equilibrium theory In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an ov ...

, a branch of theoretical microeconomics that studies multiple individual markets *

Intertemporal equilibrium Intertemporal equilibrium is a notion of economic equilibrium conceived over many periods of time. In modern economic theory, most models explicitly take into account the fact that the economy evolves over time, and that its equilibrium cannot be ...

, an equilibrium concept over time * Lindahl equilibrium, a method proposed by Erik Lindahl for financing public goods *

Partial equilibrium In economics, partial equilibrium is a condition of economic equilibrium which analyzes only a single market, ''ceteris paribus'' (everything else remaining constant) except for the one change at a time being analyzed. In general equilibrium anal ...

, the equilibrium price and quantity which come from the cross of supply and demand in a competitive market * Radner equilibrium, an economic concept defined by economist Roy Radner in the context of general equilibrium * Recursive competitive equilibrium, an economic equilibrium concept associated with a dynamic program *

Static equilibrium (economics) In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced, meaning that economic variables will no longer change. Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is esta ...

, the intersection of supply and demand in any market *

Sunspot equilibrium In economics, the term sunspots (or sometimes "a sunspot") refers to an ''extrinsic'' random variable, that is, a random variable that does not affect economic fundamentals (such as endowments, preferences, or technology). ''Sunspots'' can also r ...

, an economic equilibrium in which non-fundamental factors affect prices or quantities *

Underemployment equilibrium In Keynesian economics, underemployment equilibrium is a situation with a persistent shortfall relative to full employment and potential output so that unemployment is higher than at the NAIRU or the "natural" rate of unemployment. Theoretical fr ...

, a situation in Keynesian economics with a persistent shortfall relative to full employment and potential output *

Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (abbreviated as DSGE, or DGE, or sometimes SDGE) is a macroeconomics, macroeconomic method which is often employed by monetary and fiscal authorities for policy analysis, explaining historical time-s ...

, an econometric method that applies

general equilibrium theory In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an ov ...

and microeconomic principles.

Mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...

Correlated equilibrium In game theory, a correlated equilibrium is a solution concept that is more general than the well known Nash equilibrium. It was first discussed by mathematician Robert Aumann in 1974. The idea is that each player chooses their action according ...

, in game theory, a solution concept that is more general than Nash equilibrium *

Equilibrium point In mathematics, specifically in differential equations, an equilibrium point is a constant solution to a differential equation. Formal definition The point \tilde\in \mathbb^n is an equilibrium point for the differential equation :\frac = ...

, in mathematics, a constant solution to a differential equation *

Nash equilibrium In game theory, the Nash equilibrium is the most commonly used solution concept for non-cooperative games. A Nash equilibrium is a situation where no player could gain by changing their own strategy (holding all other players' strategies fixed) ...

, the basic solution concept in game theory *

Quasi-perfect equilibrium Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to Eric van Damme. Informally, a player playing by a strategy from a quasi-perfect equilibrium takes observed as well as potential future mistakes of his ...

, in game theory, a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games *

Sequential equilibrium Sequential equilibrium is a refinement of Nash equilibrium for extensive form games due to David M. Kreps and Robert Wilson. A sequential equilibrium specifies not only a strategy for each of the players but also a ''belief'' for each of the pl ...

, in game theory, a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for games of incomplete information *

Perfect Bayesian equilibrium In game theory, a Bayesian game is a strategic decision-making model which assumes players have incomplete information. Players may hold private information relevant to the game, meaning that the payoffs are not common knowledge. Bayesian games mo ...

, in game theory, a refinement of Nash equilibrium for games of incomplete information, simpler than sequential equilibrium *

Symmetric equilibrium In game theory, a symmetric equilibrium is an equilibrium where all players use the same strategy (possibly mixed) in the equilibrium. In the Prisoner's Dilemma game pictured to the right, the only Nash equilibrium is (''D'', ''D''). Since bot ...

, in game theory, an equilibrium arising from all players using the same strategy *

Trembling hand perfect equilibrium In game theory, trembling hand perfect equilibrium is a type of refinement of a Nash equilibrium that was first proposed by Reinhard Selten. A trembling hand perfect equilibrium is an equilibrium that takes the possibility of off-the-equilibrium ...

, in game theory, an equilibrium arising from players that "slip up" and choose unintended strategies *

Proper equilibrium Proper equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium by Roger B. Myerson. Proper equilibrium further refines Reinhard Selten's notion of a trembling hand perfect equilibrium by assuming that more costly trembles are made with significantly ...

in game theory, an equilibrium, a subset of trembling hand, arising when players make costly trembles with lower probabilities

Planetary sciences (including
geology Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth ...
)

{{expand section , with = further examples from this field , small = no , date = March 2025 *

, the state of a system in which compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient force *

Isostatic equilibrium Isostasy (Greek ''ísos'' 'equal', ''stásis'' 'standstill') or isostatic equilibrium is the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends on its ...

, in geology, the balance between gravitation and buoyancy of the Earth's crust in the mantle

Other

Social equilibrium In sociology, a system is said to be in social equilibrium when there is a dynamic working balance among its interdependent parts. Each subsystem will adjust to any change in the other subsystems and will continue to do so until an equilibrium is ...

, a system in which there is a dynamic working balance among its interdependent parts *

Equilibrium moisture content The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of a hygroscopic material surrounded at least partially by air is the moisture content at which the material is neither gaining nor losing moisture. The value of the EMC depends on the material and the rela ...

, the moisture content at which the wood is neither gaining nor losing moisture *

Reflective equilibrium Reflective equilibrium is a state of Balance (metaphysics), balance or coherence among a set of beliefs arrived at by a process of deliberative mutual adjustment among general principles and particular judgements. Although he did not use the term ...

, the state of balance or coherence among a set of beliefs arrived at by a process of deliberative mutual adjustment

External links

Equilibrium
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Equilibrium Equilibrium may refer to: Film and television * ''Equilibrium'' (film), a 2002 science fiction film * '' The Story of Three Loves'', also known as ''Equilibrium'', a 1953 romantic anthology film * "Equilibrium" (''seaQuest 2032'') * ''Equilibr ...