Pierre-Henri Révoil - René d'Anjou at Palamède de Forbin - WGA19322

Taking its name from medieval

troubadour A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a '' trobai ...

s, the Troubadour Style (french: Style troubadour) is a rather derisive term, in English usually applied to French

historical painting History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific period. History paintings depict a moment in a narrative story, most often (but not exclusively) Greek and Roman mythology and Bible ...

of the early 19th century with idealised depictions of the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

and the

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass id ...

. In French it also refers to the equivalent architectural styles. It can be seen as an aspect of

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...

and a reaction against Neoclassicism, which was coming to an end at the end of the

Consulate A consulate is the office of a consul. A type of diplomatic mission, it is usually subordinate to the state's main representation in the capital of that foreign country (host state), usually an embassy (or, only between two Commonwealth count ...

, and became particularly associated with

Josephine Bonaparte Josephine may refer to: People * Josephine (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Josephine (singer), a Greek pop singer Places *Josephine, Texas, United States *Mount Josephine (disambiguation) * Josephine Count ...

and Caroline Ferdinande Louise, duchesse de Berry. In architecture the style was an exuberant French equivalent to the Gothic Revival of the Germanic and Anglophone countries. The style related to contemporary developments in French literature, and music, but the term is usually restricted to painting and architecture.

History

Richard Parkes Bonington - Henri III - WGA02429

The rediscovery of medieval civilization was one of the intellectual curiosities of the beginning of the 19th century, with much input from the

Ancien Régime ''Ancien'' may refer to * the French word for " ancient, old" ** Société des anciens textes français * the French for "former, senior" ** Virelai ancien ** Ancien Régime ** Ancien Régime in France {{disambig ...

and its institutions, rites (the coronation ceremony dated back to the 16th century) and the medieval churches in which family ceremonies occurred. Even while exhuming the remains of the kings and putting on the market a multitude of objects, works of art and elements of medieval architecture, the revolutionaries brought them back to life, it could be said. The Musée des Monuments français (Museum of French Monuments), established in the former convent that would become

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts The Beaux-Arts de Paris is a French '' grande école'' whose primary mission is to provide high-level arts education and training. This is classical and historical School of Fine Arts in France. The art school, which is part of the Paris Scien ...

, presented all this glorious debris of the Middle Ages as subjects of admiration for the public and as models of inspiration for students of the departments of engraving, painting and sculpture, but not those of architecture since teaching of this subject had been dissociated from the "beaux-arts" and placed in the École centrale des travaux publics under the direction of J.N.L Durand, a harsh promoter of the neoclassical architecture that characterized the styles of the

Convention Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law * Convention (meeting), meeting of a (usually large) group of individuals and/or companies in a ...

and

. Later, from the

Bourbon Restoration Bourbon Restoration may refer to: France under the House of Bourbon: * Bourbon Restoration in France (1814, after the French revolution and Napoleonic era, until 1830; interrupted by the Hundred Days in 1815) Spain under the Spanish Bourbons: * Ab ...

and under the impulse of

Quatremère de Quincy Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de Quincy (21 October 1755 – 28 December 1849) was a French armchair archaeologist and architectural theorist, a Freemason, and an effective arts administrator and influential writer on art. Life Born in Paris, ...

and Mérimée, a new tradition of teaching architecture put it back under the fine arts umbrella, in the margins of the declining official school, beginning with private workshops that behaved as diocesan architects working for historic monuments that would give rise to the Société Centrale des Architectes and make Troubador-style architecture possible. Jean-Baptiste Goyet--Heloise et Abeilard--1830

Jean-Baptiste Goyet--Heloise et Abeilard--1830

The resurgence of Christian feeling and in Christianity in the arts, with the publication in 1800 of ''Le Génie du Christianisme'' ('the Genius of Christianity'), played a major role in favour of edifying painting, sculpture and literature, often inspired by religion. Artists and writers rejected the neo-antique rationalism of the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

and turned towards a perceived glorious Christian past. The progress of the history and archaeology in the course of the 18th century began to bear fruit, at first, in painting. Paradoxically these painters of the past were unaware of the primitives of French painting, finding it too academic and not sufficiently filled with anecdote. Napoleon himself did not disdain this artistic current: he took as his emblem the golden beehive on the grave of the

Merovingian The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gauli ...

king

Childeric I Childeric I (; french: Childéric; la, Childericus; reconstructed Frankish: ''*Hildirīk''; – 481 AD) was a Frankish leader in the northern part of imperial Roman Gaul and a member of the Merovingian dynasty, described as a king (Latin '' ...

, rediscovered in the 17th century, and saw himself as the heir of the French monarchy. He also gave official recognition to the Middle Ages in the forms of his coronation, and tried to profit from other trappings of the medieval French kings, perhaps even their miraculous curative powers ('' Bonaparte visiting the plague-victims of Jaffa'' by

Antoine-Jean Gros Antoine-Jean Gros (; 16 March 177125 June 1835) was a French painter of historical subjects. He was given title of Baron Gros in 1824. Gros studied under Jacques-Louis David in Paris and began an independent artistic career during the French R ...

was read as a modern re-envisgaing of the thaumaturgical kings).

Literature

Public interest in the Middle Ages in literature first manifested itself in France and above all England. In France, this came with the adaptation and publication from 1778 of ancient chivalric romances by the Comte de Tressan (1707–1783) in his ''Bibliothèque des romans'', and in England with the first fantastical romances and gothic novels, such as ''

The Castle of Otranto ''The Castle of Otranto'' is a novel by Horace Walpole. First published in 1764, it is generally regarded as the first gothic novel. In the second edition, Walpole applied the word 'Gothic' to the novel in the subtitle – ''A Gothic Story''. Se ...

'' (1764). These English romances inspired late 18th-century French writers to follow suit, such as Donatien de Sade with his ''

Histoire secrete d'Isabelle de Baviere, reine de France ''Histoire secrète d'Isabeau of Bavaria, Isabelle de Bavière, reine de France'',Or, to give its full title, ''Histoire secrète d'Isabelle de Bavière, reine de France, dans laquelle se trouvent des faits rares, inconnus ou restés dans l'oubli ...

''. The ''Le Troubadour, poésies occitaniques'' (1803) by Fabre d'Olivet popularized the term, and may have led to the naming of the style in art. The

Waverley Novels The Waverley Novels are a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832). For nearly a century, they were among the most popular and widely read novels in Europe. Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827, the se ...

Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832), was a Scottish novelist, poet, playwright and historian. Many of his works remain classics of European and Scottish literature, notably the novels ''Ivanhoe'', '' Rob Roy' ...

were hugely popular across Europe, and a major influence on both painting and French novelists such as

Alexandre Dumas Alexandre Dumas (, ; ; born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (), 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas père (where '' '' is French for 'father', to distinguish him from his son Alexandre Dumas fils), was a French writer. ...

and

Victor Hugo Victor-Marie Hugo (; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French Romantic writer and politician. During a literary career that spanned more than sixty years, he wrote in a variety of genres and forms. He is considered to be one of the great ...

Painting

In painting, the troubadour style was represented by

history painting History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific period. History paintings depict a moment in a narrative story, most often (but not exclusively) Greek and Roman mythology and Bible ...

portraying edifying historical episodes, often borrowing its smoothness, its minute and illusionistic description of detail, its rendering of fabrics, the intimate character of its familiar scenes and its other technical means from

Dutch Golden Age painting Dutch Golden Age painting is the painting of the Dutch Golden Age, a period in Dutch history roughly spanning the 17th century, during and after the later part of the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) for Dutch independence. The new Dutch Republi ...

. The paintings were typically rather small

cabinet painting A cabinet painting (or "cabinet picture") is a small painting, typically no larger than two feet (0.6 meters) in either dimension, but often much smaller. The term is especially used for paintings that show full-length figures or landscapes at a s ...

s, often showing quiet intimate anecdotal moments rather than moments of high drama, though these were both depicted. As well as figures from political history, famous artists and authors of the past were often shown, especially

Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual ...

and

Dante Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His '' Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ...

. Ingres' ''Death of Leonardo da Vinci'' in the arms of King Francois I of France is one of several works bringing rulers and artists together. A number of paintings by

Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( , ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the a ...

are in the style, and lesser artists such as Pierre-Henri Révoil (1776–1842) and Fleury-François Richard (1777–1852) specialized in the style. The Belgian

Henri Leys Henri Leys, Hendrik Leys or Jan August Hendrik, Baron Leys (18 February 1815 – 26 August 1869) was a Belgian painter and printmaker. He was a leading representative of the historical or Romantic school in Belgian art and became a pioneer of th ...

painted in a more sombre version of the style much influenced by

Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps. From the last years of the 15th century, its Renaissance spread around Europe. Called the Northern Renaissance because it occurred north of the Italian Ren ...

painting.

Richard Parkes Bonington Richard Parkes Bonington (25 October 1802 – 23 September 1828) was an English Romantic landscape painter, who moved to France at the age of 14 and can also be considered as a French artist, and an intermediary bringing aspects of English styl ...

is better remembered for his landscapes, but also painted in the style, as did

Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( , ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: British ...

. The peak period was brought to an end by the

Revolution of 1848 The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europ ...

, and later the arrival of Realism, although the style arguably merged into late 19th-century

academic painting Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académi ...

. The transition can be seen in the work of

Paul Delaroche Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (17 July 1797 – 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subjects from English ...

. Arguably the first troubadour painting was presented at the

Salon Salon may refer to: Common meanings * Beauty salon, a venue for cosmetic treatments * French term for a drawing room, an architectural space in a home * Salon (gathering), a meeting for learning or enjoyment Arts and entertainment * Salon ...

of 1802, under the

French Consulate The Consulate (french: Le Consulat) was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 10 November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire on 18 May 1804. By extension, the term ''The ...

. It was a work by Fleury-Richard, ''Valentine of Milan weeping for the death of her husband'', a subject which had come to the artist during a visit to the " musée des monuments français", a museum of French medieval monuments. A tomb from this museum was included in the painting as that of the wife. Thanks to its moving subject matter, the painting was an enormous success – seeing it,

David David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". w ...

cried "This resembles nothing anyone else has done, it's a new effect of colour; the figure is charming and full of expression, and this green curtain thrown across this window renders the illusion complete". Compositions lit from the back of the scene, with the foreground in semi-darkness, became rather a trademark of the early years of the style. Fragonard's painting of '' François Premier reçu chevalier par Bayard'' (''

Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to: * Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407) * Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450 * Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe ...

knighted by

Bayard Bayard may refer to: People *Bayard (given name) *Bayard (surname) *Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (1473–1524) French knight Places *Bayard, Delaware, an unincorporated community * Bayard (Jacksonville), Florida, a neighborhood * Bayard, ...

'', Salon of 1819) has to be read not as a rediscovery of a medieval past, but as a memory of a recent monarchic tradition.

Examples

* Pierre-Nolasque Bergeret, ''Aretino in the studio of Tintoretto'', Salon of 1822. * Madame Cheradame, née Bertaud, ''The Education of Saint Louis''. * Michel Martin Drölling, ''The Last Communion of Marie-Antoinette'', Paris, Conciergerie. * Louis Ducis, ''Le Tasse reading a passage from his poem Jerusalem Delivered to Princess Éléonore d’Este'', formerly in the collection of the Empress Joséphine. Arenenberg, Musée Napoléonien. *

Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard Alexandre-Évariste Coccinelle Fragonard (26 October 1780 – 10 November 1850) was a French painter and sculptor in the troubadour style. He received his first training from his father and drew from him his piquant subjects and great facility, ...

, ''Don Juan, Zerlina and Lady Elvira'', Clermont-Ferrand, Musée des Beaux-arts. * Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard, ''The time approaches''. * Alexandre-Evariste Fragonard, ''François Premier armé chevalier par Bayard'' (''

knighted by

''), Meaux,

Musée Bossuet The Musée Bossuet is the art and history museum of the town of Meaux, France. Situated in the old episcopal palace, it takes its name from the famous orator and theologian, Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux from 1681 to 1704. Buildings ...

. * Baron

François Gérard François Pascal Simon Gérard (, 4 May 1770 – 11 January 1837), titled as Baron Gérard in 1809, was a prominent French painter. He was born in Rome, where his father occupied a post in the house of the French ambassador, and his mother was It ...

, ''The Recognition of the Duke of Anjou as King of Spain'',

Château de Chambord The Château de Chambord () in Chambord, Centre-Val de Loire, France, is one of the most recognisable châteaux in the world because of its very distinctive French Renaissance architecture which blends traditional French medieval forms with cl ...

. *

Hortense de Beauharnais Hortense Eugénie Cécile Bonaparte (; , ; 10 April 1783 – 5 October 1837) was Queen consort of Holland. She was the stepdaughter of Emperor Napoléon I as the daughter of his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais. Hortense later married Napol ...

, ''The Knight's Departure'' c.1812,

Château de Compiègne The Château de Compiègne is a French château, a royal residence built for Louis XV and restored by Napoleon. Compiègne was one of three seats of royal government, the others being Versailles and Fontainebleau. It is located in Compiègn ...

, originally at the château de Pierrefonds. *

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( , ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the a ...

, ''Francesco da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta'', frame designed by

Claude-Aimé Chenavard Claude-Aimé Chenavard (1798 – 16 June 1838) was a French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accent ...

, (1789–1838), Angers, musée des Beaux-arts. *

Jean-Baptiste Isabey Jean-Baptiste Isabey (11 April 1767 – 18 April 1855) was a French painter born at Nancy. He was a successful artist, both under the First Empire and to the diplomats of the Congress of Vienna. Life At the age of nineteen, after some lesson ...

, ''A couple descending the staircase of the tourelle at the château d’Harcourt'', Salon de 1827. * Alexandre Menjaud, ''Francis I and "

la Belle Ferronnière ''La Belle Ferronnière'' () is a portrait of a lady, usually attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, in the Louvre. It is also known as ''Portrait of an Unknown Woman.'' The painting's title, applied as early as the seventeenth century, identifying the ...

"'', 1810. * Nicolas-André Monsiau, ''Saint Vincent de Paul welcoming the exposed children'', Paris, church of Saint Germain l'Auxerrois, copy at Toulouse, musée de la Médecine. * Pierre Révoil, **'' René d’Anjou passing the night at the château of Palamède de Forbin'', commissioned by the comte de Forbin, a descendant of René d’Anjou. ** ''The Tourney'', 1812, Lyon, musée des Beaux-arts; **''The convalescence of Bayard'', 1817, Paris, musée du Louvre; * Fleury-Richard, ''Jacques Molay, Grand Master of the Templars'', Acquired after the 1806 Salon by the

Empress Joséphine Joséphine Bonaparte (, born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie; 23 June 1763 – 29 May 1814) was Empress of the French as the first wife of Emperor Napoleon I from 18 May 1804 until their marriage was annulled on 10 January 1810. ...

. Inherited from Hortense de Beauharnais. *

Louis Rubio Luigi or Louis Rubio (Rome, between 1797 and 1808 – Florence, 2 August 1882) was an Italian painter, active in both Neoclassicism but later Romantic styles, painting mainly historic-mythologic canvases, as well as some genre subjects, and port ...

, ''The unlucky Loves of Francesca da Rimini'', 1832. * Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie, ''The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini'', 1812. File:Gianciotto Discovers Paolo and Francesca Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres.jpg, Ingres, ''Gianciotto Discovers Paolo and Francesca'', 1819 File:IngresRaffaelAndFornarina.jpg, Ingres, ''

and "La Fornarina"'' his mistress, 1814 File:Francois I recoit les derniers soupirs de Leonard de Vinci by Ingres.jpg, Ingres, '' Francois I receives the last breaths of

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, Drawing, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially re ...

'' File:Fleury-François Richard - Montaigne and Tasso - WGA19448.jpg, Fleury-François Richard, ''

Montaigne Michel Eyquem, Sieur de Montaigne ( ; ; 28 February 1533 – 13 September 1592), also known as the Lord of Montaigne, was one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance. He is known for popularizing the essay as a lite ...

and

Tasso TASSO (Two Arm Spectrometer SOlenoid) was a particle detector at the PETRA particle accelerator at the German national laboratory DESY. The TASSO collaboration is best known for having discovered the gluon, the mediator of the strong interaction an ...

'', 1822 File:Eugène Delacroix - The Execution of Doge Marino Faliero - WGA06168.jpg,

, ''The Execution of Doge

Marino Faliero Marino Faliero (1274 – 17 April 1355) was the 55th Doge of Venice, appointed on 11 September 1354. He was sometimes referred to simply as Marin Falier ( Venetian rather than standard Italian) or Falieri. He was executed for attempting a coup ...

'' File:Pierre-Henri Révoil - Mary, Queen of Scots, Separated from Her Faithfuls - WGA19321.jpg, Pierre-Henri Révoil, ''

Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...

, Separated from Her Followers'', 1822

Reaction

Reaction to this genre, as to the

Pre-Raphaelites The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (later known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, Jam ...

in England, has been mixed. It can be seen as overly sentimental or unrealistically nostalgic, treating its subjects in a way "later associated with Hollywood costume dramas. To its proponents, the archaic details were regarded as a rallying cry for a new, localized nationalism, purged of classical (or neo-classical) and Roman influence. The small size of many of the canvases was considered a reference to Northern, primitive painting, devoid of Italian influence. To others, the small canvas sizes represent the artworks' insignificance and lack of vigor. All the brass, gilding, carving and inlaid historical detail of the headboards of the world could not redeem such objects as anything other than interior decoration.

Architecture

Chateau de Beauregard 475 Herouville Saint Clair Calvados

A fashion for medieval architecture may be seen throughout 19th century Europe, originating in England, and a blooming of the

Neogothic Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...

style, but in France this remains limited to certain 'feudal' buildings in the parks surrounding châteaux. After the Troubadour style disappeared in painting, around the time of the

1848 French Revolution The French Revolution of 1848 (french: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (), was a brief period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundatio ...

,Palmer it continued (or re-emerged) in architecture, the decorative arts, literature and theatre.

Troubador buildings

* Château de Maulmont at Saint-Priest-de-Bramefant, architect Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, formerly a hunting lodge on the royal domain of

Randan A randan is a boat rowed by three persons, stern and bow using a single oar each and the central person a pair of sculls. The word is of unknown origin, and can hardly be connected with a slang term for a row or spree Spree may refer to: Ge ...

which was one of

Louis-Philippe of France Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...

's residences. * Gallerie Saint-Louis,

Palais de justice de Paris Palais () may refer to: * Dance hall, popularly a ''palais de danse'', in the 1950s and 1960s in the UK * ''Palais'', French for palace **Grand Palais, the Grand Palais des Champs-Elysées ** Petit Palais, an art museum in Paris * Palais River i ...

, built in 1835 by

Gisors Gisors () is a commune of Normandy, France. It is located northwest from the centre of Paris. Gisors, together with the neighbouring communes of Trie-Château and Trie-la-Ville, form an urban area of 13,915 inhabitants (2018). This urban area i ...

(1796–1866), in place of a gothic gallery he had demolished. *

Château de Pierrefonds The Château de Pierrefonds () is a castle situated in the '' commune'' of Pierrefonds in the Oise department in the region of Picardy, France. It is on the southeast edge of the Forest of Compiègne, northeast of Paris, between Villers-Cotterê ...

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (; 27 January 181417 September 1879) was a French architect and author who restored many prominent medieval landmarks in France, including those which had been damaged or abandoned during the French Revolution. H ...

architect. * Château d'Aulteribe, at Semantizon, rebuilt by Henriette Onslow, daughter of the musician

George Onslow George Onslow may refer to: * George Onslow (British Army officer) (1731–1792), British politician and army officer *George Onslow, 1st Earl of Onslow George Onslow, 1st Earl of Onslow PC (13 September 1731 – 17 May 1814), known as Lord Onsl ...

. *

Château du Barry A château (; plural: châteaux) is a manor house or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions. Nowaday ...

, at Lévignac, a Neo-Gothic wing, by the brothers

Auguste Virebent Auguste may refer to: People Surname * Arsène Auguste (born 1951), Haitian footballer * Donna Auguste (born 1958), African-American businesswoman * Georges Auguste (born 1933), Haitian painter * Henri Auguste (1759–1816), Parisian gold and ...

and Pascal Virebent (1745–1831), architects in Toulouse. *

Château de la Rochepot Château de La Rochepot is a 12th-century feudal castle of neo-Gothic-Burgundian style, rebuilt in the 15th century. In the 19th century, it was completely restored and covered with glazed burgundy tiles. It is located in the commune of La Roche ...

, reconstruction by Marie Pauline Cécile Dupond-White (1841–1898), widow Sadi-Carnot. * Château de Clavières-Ayrens, at Ayrens, built by

Ernest de La Salle de Rochemaure Ernest is a given name derived from Germanic word ''ernst'', meaning "serious". Notable people and fictional characters with the name include: People *Archduke Ernest of Austria (1553–1595), son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor *Ernest, M ...

Decorative arts

* Horloge au troubadour, in the Empire-troubadour style, 1810, by Masure à

Étampes Étampes () is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southwest from the center of Paris (as the crow flies). Étampes is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department. Étampes, together with the neighboring ...

* Service à chocolat Du Gesclin,

Manufacture de Sèvres Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a ...

, cartoon by

(1780–1850)

Notes

References

*Palmer, Allison Lee, ''Historical Dictionary of Romantic Art and Architecture'', pp. 219–220, 2011, Scarecrow Press, , 780810874732
google books

Bibliography

*''Aux sources de l'ethnologie française, l' Académie celtique'', 1995, Nicole Belmont. This work traces the birth of the fashion for premodern architecture and literature, from the middle of the 18th century of the fad for the monuments of the architecture and literature (Middle Ages, High Middle Ages and Early Middle Ages) and the beginnings of new inventorising and research work on the topic among the

Benedictines of Saint-Maur The Congregation of St. Maur, often known as the Maurists, were a congregation of French Benedictines, established in 1621, and known for their high level of scholarship. The congregation and its members were named after Saint Maurus (died 565), a ...

Painting

* Exhibition catalogue, ''Le Style Troubadour'', Bourg-en-Bresse, musée de Brou 1971. * Marie-Claude Chaudonneret, ''La Peinture Troubadour, deux artistes lyonnais, Pierre Révoil (1776–1842), Fleury Richard (1777–1852)'', Arthéna, Paris, 1980. * Marie-Claude Chaudonneret, "Tableaux Troubadour", ''Revue du Louvre'', n° 5/6, 1983, pages 411–413. * François Pupil, ''Le Style Troubadour ou la nostalgie du bon vieux temps'', Nancy, Presses. Universitaires de Nancy, 1985. * Guy Stair Sainty (editor), ''Romance and Chivalry: History and Literature Reflected in Early Nineteenth-Century French Painting'', Stair Sainty Mathiesen Gallery, New York, 1996. * Maïté Bouyssy (editor), "Puissances du gothique", ''Sociétés & Représentations'', n° 20, décembre 2005, edited by Bertrand Tillier.

Literature

* Comte de Tressan, ''Oeuvres choisies de Tressan, corps d'extraits de romans de chevalerie '', 1782–1791, 12 volumes, chez Garnier, à Paris, hôtel Serpente, comprising '' Amadis de Gaule'', ''

Rolland Furieux Rolland is a surname and masculine given name which may refer to: Surname * Alain Rolland (born 1966), former Irish rugby union footballer and current international referee * Andy Rolland (born 1943), Scottish former footballer * Antonin Rolland ...

'', '' Flore et Blanchefleur'', '' Histoire du petit Jehan de Saintré'', '' Cléomade et Claremonde'', '' Le Roman de la Rose'', '' Arthus de Bretagne'', ''Fleurs de batailles'', ''Dom Ursino de Navarin et Dona Inès d'Ovidéo'', ''Gérard de Nevers'', etc.. Its accompanying illustrative engravings, showing decorated and figured troubador scenes, were a great success. *

Horace Walpole Horatio Walpole (), 4th Earl of Orford (24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), better known as Horace Walpole, was an English writer, art historian, man of letters, antiquarian, and Whig politician. He had Strawberry Hill House built in Twi ...

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Architecture

*Guy Massin-Le Goff, ''Châteaux néo-gothiques en Anjou'', Edition Nicolas Chaudun, Paris, 2007.

Fashion

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Troubadour Style French art French literature Gothic Revival architecture in France Art movements French art movements Medieval French literature Middle Ages in popular culture * Revival architectural styles Gothic Revival architecture