This list contains selected positive

number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers can ...

s in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities and

probabilities Probability is a branch of mathematics and statistics concerning Event (probability theory), events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probab ...

. Each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.

Smaller than (one googolth)

* ''Physics:'' The probability of a human spontaneously teleporting due to quantum effects is approximately 10^{−4.5×10²⁹}. * ''Mathematics – random selections:'' Approximately is a rough first estimate of the probability that a typing " monkey", or an English-illiterate typing robot, when placed in front of a typewriter, will type out William Shakespeare's play ''

Hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in Denmark, the play (the ...

'' as its first set of inputs, on the precondition it typed the needed number of characters. However, demanding correct

punctuation Punctuation marks are marks indicating how a piece of writing, written text should be read (silently or aloud) and, consequently, understood. The oldest known examples of punctuation marks were found in the Mesha Stele from the 9th century BC, c ...

, capitalization, and spacing, the probability falls to around 10^−360,783. * ''Computing:'' 2.2 is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by an octuple-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 2.5 is approximately equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by an octuple-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 1 is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 1 is equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 6.5 is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 3.6 is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by an 80-bit x86 double-extended IEEE floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 3.4 is approximately equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE floating-point value and an 80-bit x86 double-extended IEEE floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 1 is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 1 is equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 4.9 is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' 2.2 is approximately equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Mathematics:'' 1.5 is approximately equal to the probability that in a randomly selected group of 365 people, all of them will have different birthdays. * ''Computing:'' 1 is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.

10⁻¹⁰⁰ to 10⁻³⁰

* ''Computing:'' 1 is equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value. Card shuffle

* ''Mathematics:'' The chances of shuffling a standard 52-card deck in any specific order is around 1.24 (or exactly ) * ''Computing:'' The number 1.4 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Computing:'' The number 1.2 is approximately equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value.

10⁻³⁰

(; 1000⁻¹⁰; short scale: one nonillionth; long scale: one quintillionth) ISO: quecto- (q) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of

bridge A bridge is a structure built to Span (engineering), span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, whi ...

of all four players getting a complete suit each is approximately .

10⁻²⁷

(; 1000⁻⁹; short scale: one octillionth; long scale: one quadrilliardth) ISO: ronto- (r)

10⁻²⁴

(; 1000⁻⁸; short scale: one septillionth; long scale: one quadrillionth) ISO: yocto- (y)

10⁻²¹

(; 1000⁻⁷; short scale: one sextillionth; long scale: one trilliardth) ISO: zepto- (z) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability of matching 20 numbers for 20 in a game of keno is approximately 2.83 × 10⁻¹⁹. * ''Mathematics:'' The odds of a perfect bracket in the

NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament The NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, branded as March Madness, or The Big Dance, is a single-elimination tournament played in the United States to determine the men's college basketball national champion of the NCAA Division I, Di ...

are 1 in 2⁶³, approximately 1.08 × 10⁻¹⁹, if coin flips are used to predict the winners of the 63 matches.

10⁻¹⁸

(; 1000⁻⁶; short scale: one quintillionth; long scale: one trillionth) ISO: atto- (a) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability of rolling snake eyes 10 times in a row on a pair of fair dice is about .

10⁻¹⁵

(; 1000⁻⁵; short scale: one quadrillionth; long scale: one billiardth) ISO: femto- (f) * ''Mathematics'': The Ramanujan constant,

e^ = 262\,537\,412\,640\,768\,743.999\,999\,999\,999\,25\ldots,

is an almost integer, differing from the nearest integer by approximately .

10⁻¹²

(; 1000⁻⁴; short scale: one trillionth; long scale: one billionth) ISO: pico- (p) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of

of one player getting a complete suit is approximately (). * ''Biology:'' Human visual sensitivity to 1000 nm light is approximately of its peak sensitivity at 555 nm.

10⁻⁹

(; 1000⁻³; short scale: one billionth; long scale: one milliardth) ISO: nano- (n) * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US Powerball lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 292,201,338 to 1 against, for a probability of (). * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the Australian Powerball lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 134,490,400 to 1 against, for a probability of (). * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the current 59-ball UK National Lottery Lotto, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 45,057,474 to 1 against, for a probability of (). * ''Computing:'' The number 6 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a half-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the former 49-ball UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, were 13,983,815 to 1 against, for a probability of ().

10⁻⁶

(; 1000⁻²;

long and short scales The long and short scales are two power of 10, powers of ten number naming systems that are consistent with each other for smaller order of magnitude, numbers, but are contradictory for larger numbers. Other numbering systems, particularly ...

: one millionth) ISO:

micro- ''Micro'' (Greek letter μ, Mu (letter), mu, non-Italic type, italic) is a metric prefix, unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one millionth (10−6). It comes from the Ancient Greek, Greek word (), meaning "small". It is the ...

(μ)

* ''Mathematics –

Poker Poker is a family of Card game#Comparing games, comparing card games in which Card player, players betting (poker), wager over which poker hand, hand is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, with varying rules i ...

:'' The odds of being dealt a royal flush in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5 (). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a straight flush (other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 (0.0014%). * ''Computing:'' The number 6.1 is approximately equal to the smallest positive normal number that can be represented by a half-precision IEEE floating-point value. * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a four of a kind in poker are 4,164 to 1 against, for a probability of 2.4 (0.024%).

10⁻³

(0.001; 1000⁻¹; one thousandth) ISO: milli- (m) * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a

full house ''Full House'' is an American television sitcom created by Jeff Franklin for American Broadcasting Company, ABC. The show is about the recently widowed father Danny Tanner who enlists his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis and childhood best friend ...

in poker are 693 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10⁻³ (0.14%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a flush in poker are 507.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.9 × 10⁻³ (0.19%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a straight in poker are 253.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 4 × 10⁻³ (0.39%). * ''Physics:'' ''α'' = , the fine-structure constant.

10⁻²

(0.01; one

hundredth In arithmetic, a hundredth is a single part of something that has been divided equally into a hundred parts. For example, a hundredth of 675 is 6.75. In this manner it is used with the prefix "centi-" such as in centimeter. A hundredth is also one ...

) ISO: centi- (c) * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 54 to 1 against, for a probability of about 0.018 (1.8%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a three of a kind in poker are 46 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.021 (2.1%). * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the Powerball, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2015, are 24.87 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.0402 (4.02%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt two pair in poker are 21 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.048 (4.8%).

10⁻¹

(0.1; one tenth) ISO:

deci- ''Deci'' (symbol d) is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one tenth. Proposed in 1793, and adopted in 1795, the prefix comes from the Latin , meaning "tenth". Since 1960, the prefix is part of the International Syste ...

(d) * ''Legal history'': 10% was widespread as the

tax A tax is a mandatory financial charge or levy imposed on an individual or legal entity by a governmental organization to support government spending and public expenditures collectively or to regulate and reduce negative externalities. Tax co ...

raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period; see

tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Modern tithes are normally voluntary and paid in money, cash, cheques or v ...

. * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against (2.37 to 1), for a probability of 0.42 (42%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt no pair in poker are nearly 1 to 2, for a probability of about 0.5 (50%). * ''Mathematics:'' ≈ 0.693147181

10⁰

(1; one) * ''Demography:'' The population of Monowi, an incorporated village in

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

, was one in 2010. * ''Religion:'' One is the number of gods in

Judaism Judaism () is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jews, Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of o ...

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

, and

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

( monotheistic religions). * ''Computing –

Unicode Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Char ...

:'' One character is assigned to the Lisu Supplement

Unicode block A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ...

, the fewest of any public-use Unicode block as of Unicode 15.0 (2022). * ''Mathematics:'' 1 is the only natural number (not including 0) that is not prime or composite. * ''Computing:'' 1.0000000000000002 is approximately equal to the smallest value greater than one that can be represented in the IEEE double precision floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' ≈ , the length of a side of a

cube A cube or regular hexahedron is a three-dimensional space, three-dimensional solid object in geometry, which is bounded by six congruent square (geometry), square faces, a type of polyhedron. It has twelve congruent edges and eight vertices. It i ...

with a volume of 2. * ''Mathematics:'' If the Riemann hypothesis is true, Mills' constant is approximately 1.3063778838630806904686144926... . * ''Mathematics:'' ≈ , the ratio of the

diagonal In geometry, a diagonal is a line segment joining two vertices of a polygon or polyhedron, when those vertices are not on the same edge. Informally, any sloping line is called diagonal. The word ''diagonal'' derives from the ancient Greek � ...

of a

square In geometry, a square is a regular polygon, regular quadrilateral. It has four straight sides of equal length and four equal angles. Squares are special cases of rectangles, which have four equal angles, and of rhombuses, which have four equal si ...

to its side length. * ''Mathematics:'' φ ≈ , the

golden ratio In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their summation, sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed algebraically, for quantities and with , is in a golden ratio to if \fr ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' ≈ , the ratio of the

of a unit cube. * ''Mathematics:'' the number system understood by most computers, the binary system, uses 2 digits: 0 and 1. *''Mathematics:'' ≈ 2.236 067 9775, the correspondent to the diagonal of a rectangle whose side lengths are 1 and 2. *''Mathematics:'' + 1 ≈ , the silver ratio; the ratio of the smaller of the two quantities to the larger quantity is the same as the ratio of the larger quantity to the sum of the smaller quantity and twice the larger quantity. * ''Mathematics:'' e ≈ , the base of the

natural logarithm The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of a logarithm, base of the e (mathematical constant), mathematical constant , which is an Irrational number, irrational and Transcendental number, transcendental number approxima ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' the number system understood by ternary computers, the ternary system, uses 3 digits: 0, 1, and 2. * ''Religion:'' three manifestations of God in the Christian Trinity. * ''Mathematics:'' π ≈ , the ratio of a

circle A circle is a shape consisting of all point (geometry), points in a plane (mathematics), plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the Centre (geometry), centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is cal ...

's circumference to its diameter. * ''Religion:'' the

Four Noble Truths In Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths (; ; "The Four Arya (Buddhism), arya satya") are "the truths of the noble one (the Buddha)," a statement of how things really are (Three marks of existence, the three marks of existence) when they are seen co ...

in Buddhism. * ''Human scale:'' There are five digits on a human

hand A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered appendage located at the end of the forearm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs. A few other vertebrates such as the Koala#Characteristics, koala (which has two thumb#O ...

, and five toes on a human

foot The foot (: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is an organ at the terminal part of the leg made up o ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 6 is the smallest

perfect number In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive proper divisors, that is, divisors excluding the number itself. For instance, 6 has proper divisors 1, 2 and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfec ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 𝜏 ≈ , the ratio of a

's circumference to its radius. * ''Biology:'' 7 ± 2, in

cognitive science Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include percep ...

, George A. Miller's estimate of the number of objects that can be simultaneously held in human

working memory Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can Memory, hold information temporarily. It is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior. Working memory is often used synonymously with short-term m ...

. * ''Music'': 7 notes in a major or minor scale. * ''Astronomy:'' 8 planets in the

Solar System The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies. The International Astronomical Union, the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Sola ...

: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. * ''Biology – Spider anatomy:'' Eight jointed legs of a

spider Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and ran ...

. * ''Religion:'' the

Noble Eightfold Path The Noble Eightfold Path () or Eight Right Paths () is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara, the painful cycle of rebirth, in the form of nirvana. The Eightfold Path consists of eight pra ...

in Buddhism. * ''Literature:'' 9 circles of Hell in the '' Inferno'' by Dante Alighieri. * ''Mathematics:'' 9 is the first odd number that is composite.

10¹

(10; ten) ISO: deca- (da) * ''Demography:'' The population of Pesnopoy, a village in

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

, was 10 in 2007. * ''Human scale:'' There are 10 digits on a pair of human

s, and 10 toes on a pair of human feet. * ''Mathematics:'' The

decimal The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers (''decimal fractions'') of th ...

system has 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. * ''Religion:'' the

Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (), or the Decalogue (from Latin , from Ancient Greek , ), are religious and ethical directives, structured as a covenant document, that, according to the Hebrew Bible, were given by YHWH to Moses. The text of the Ten ...

in the

Abrahamic religions The term Abrahamic religions is used to group together monotheistic religions revering the Biblical figure Abraham, namely Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The religions share doctrinal, historical, and geographic overlap that contrasts them wit ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 11 is the first prime exponent that does not yield a

Mersenne prime In mathematics, a Mersenne prime is a prime number that is one less than a power of two. That is, it is a prime number of the form for some integer . They are named after Marin Mersenne, a French Minim friar, who studied them in the early 1 ...

. * ''Music:'' There are 12 notes in the chromatic scale. * ''Astrology:'' There are 12 zodiac signs, each one representing part of the annual path of the sun's movement across the night sky. * ''Computing –

Microsoft Windows Windows is a Product lining, product line of Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sec ...

:'' Twelve successive consumer versions of

Windows NT Windows NT is a Proprietary software, proprietary Graphical user interface, graphical operating system produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows product line, the first version of which, Windows NT 3.1, was released on July 27, 1993. Original ...

have been released as of December 2021. * ''Culture:'' 13 is considered an "unlucky" number in Western superstition. * ''Music:'' Composers

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...

and Dmitri Shostakovich both completed and numbered 15

string quartet The term string quartet refers to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two Violin, violini ...

s in their lifetimes. * ''Linguistics:'' The

Finnish language Finnish (endonym: or ) is a Finnic languages, Finnic language of the Uralic languages, Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official langu ...

has 15

noun In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an Object (grammar), object or Subject (grammar), subject within a p ...

cases. * ''Mathematics:'' The

hexadecimal Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a Numeral system#Positional systems in detail, positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbo ...

system, a common number system used in computer programming, uses 16 digits where the last 6 are typically represented by letters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' The minimum possible size of a

is 16 contiguous code points (i.e., U+''abcde''0 - U+''abcde''F). * ''Computing – UTF-16/

:'' There are 17 addressable planes in UTF-16, and, thus, as Unicode is limited to the UTF-16 code space, 17 valid planes in Unicode. * ''Science fiction:'' The 23 enigma plays a prominent role in the plot of '' The Illuminatus! Trilogy'' by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson. * ''Mathematics:'' e ≈ 23.140692633 * ''Music:'' There is a combined total of 24 major and minor keys, also the number of works in some musical cycles of J. S. Bach,

Frédéric Chopin Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; 1 March 181017 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period who wrote primarily for Piano solo, solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown ...

, Alexander Scriabin, and Dmitri Shostakovich. * ''Alphabetic writing:'' There are 26 letters in the Latin-derived

English alphabet Modern English is written with a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 Letter (alphabet), letters, with each having both uppercase and lowercase forms. The word ''alphabet'' is a Compound (linguistics), compound of ''alpha'' and ''beta'', t ...

(excluding letters found only in foreign loanwords). * ''Mathematics:'' 28 is the second

. * ''Mathematics:'' 30 is the smallest sphenic number. * ''Mathematics:'' 36 is the smallest number which is a perfect power but not a prime power. * ''History:'' 39 is considered unlucky in

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

, due to the belief that it is associated with pimps. See Curse of 39. * ''Science fiction:'' The number 42, in by Douglas Adams, is the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything which is calculated by an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years. * ''Biology:'' A human cell typically contains 46

chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...

s. * ''Phonology:'' There are 47

phoneme A phoneme () is any set of similar Phone (phonetics), speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible Phonetics, phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word fr ...

s in English phonology in

Received Pronunciation Received Pronunciation (RP) is the Accent (sociolinguistics), accent of British English regarded as the Standard language, standard one, carrying the highest Prestige (sociolinguistics), social prestige, since as late as the beginning of the 2 ...

. * ''Syllabic writing:'' There are 49 letters in each of the two kana syllabaries (

hiragana is a Japanese language, Japanese syllabary, part of the Japanese writing system, along with ''katakana'' as well as ''kanji''. It is a phonetic lettering system. The word ''hiragana'' means "common" or "plain" kana (originally also "easy", ...

and

katakana is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with hiragana, kanji and in some cases the Latin script (known as rōmaji). The word ''katakana'' means "fragmentary kana", as the katakana characters are derived fr ...

) used to represent Japanese (not counting letters representing sound patterns that have never occurred in Japanese). * ''Geography –

:'' There are 50 U.S. states. * ''

Chess Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves Perfect information, no hidden information and no elements of game of chance, chance. It is played on a square chessboard, board consisting of 64 squares arran ...

:'' Either player in a chess game can claim a draw if 50 consecutive moves are made by each side without any captures or pawn moves. * ''Culture:'' 69 is a slang term for reciprocal oral sex. * ''Mathematics:'' 70 is the smallest weird number. * ''Mathematics:'' 72 is the smallest Achilles number. * ''Demography:'' The population of Nassau Island, part of the Cook Islands, was around 78 in 2016. * ''Syllabic writing:'' There are 85 letters in the modern version of the Cherokee syllabary. * ''Music:'' Typically, there are 88 keys on a

grand piano A piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, activating an Action (music), action mechanism where hammers strike String (music), strings. Modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, tuned to a c ...

. * ''Computing –

ASCII ASCII ( ), an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English language focused) printable character, printable and 33 control character, control c ...

:'' There are 95 printable characters in the

character set Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using computers. The numerical values that make up a c ...

10²

(100;

hundred 100 or one hundred (Roman numerals, Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 (number), 99 and preceding 101 (number), 101. In mathematics 100 is the square of 10 (number), 10 (in scientific notation it is written as 102). The standar ...

) ISO: hecto- (h) * ''European history:'' Groupings of 100 homesteads were a common administrative unit in Northern Europe and Great Britain (see

Hundred (county division) A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region. It was formerly used in England, Wales, some parts of the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and in Cumberland County in the British Colony o ...

). * ''Music:'' There are 104 numbered symphonies of Franz Josef Haydn. * ''Religion:'' 108 is a sacred number in

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Hypernymy and hyponymy, umbrella term for a range of Indian religions, Indian List of religions and spiritual traditions#Indian religions, religious and spiritual traditions (Sampradaya, ''sampradaya''s) that are unified ...

. * ''Chemistry:'' 118

chemical element A chemical element is a chemical substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons. The number of protons is called the atomic number of that element. For example, oxygen has an atomic number of 8: each oxygen atom has 8 protons in its ...

s have been discovered or synthesized as of 2016. * ''Computing – Computational limit of an 8-bit CPU'': 127 is equal to 2⁷−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed ( two's complement) 8-bit integer on a computer. * ''Computing – ASCII:'' There are 128 characters in the

character set, including nonprintable control characters. * ''Videogames:'' There are 151

Pokémon is a Japanese media franchise consisting of List of Pokémon video games, video games, Pokémon (TV series), animated series and List of Pokémon films, films, Pokémon Trading Card Game, a trading card game, and other related media. The fran ...

in the first generation. * ''Phonology:'' The

Taa language Taa ( ), also known as ǃXóõ ( ; ; also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon), formerly called by the dialect name ǂHoan, thus also known as Western ǂHoan, is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. ...

is estimated to have between 130 and 164 distinct phonemes. * ''Political science:'' There were 193 member states of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

as of 2011. * ''Mathematics:'' 200 is the smallest base 10 unprimeable number – it cannot be turned into a prime number by changing just one of its digits to any other digit. * ''Computing:'' A GIF image (or an 8-bit image) supports maximum 256 (2⁸) colors. * ''Mathematics:'' 257 is the fourth

Fermat prime In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665), the first known to have studied them, is a positive integer of the form:F_ = 2^ + 1, where ''n'' is a non-negative integer. The first few Fermat numbers are: 3, 5, ...

. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' There are 327 different

s as of Unicode 15.0 (2022). * ''Mathematics:'' 383 is the third Woodall prime. * ''Computing –

HTTP HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, wher ...

:'' 404 is the HTTP status code for Not Found. * ''Culture:'' 420 is a code-term that refers to the consumption of

cannabis ''Cannabis'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae that is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from the continent of Asia. However, the number of species is disputed, with as many as three species be ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 496 is the third

. * ''Mathematics:'' 563 is the largest known

Wilson prime In number theory, a Wilson prime is a prime number p such that p^2 divides (p-1)!+1, where "!" denotes the factorial function; compare this with Wilson's theorem, which states that every prime p divides (p-1)!+1. Both are named for 18th-century ...

. * ''Aviation:'' 583 people died in the 1977

Tenerife airport disaster The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on 27 March 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Tenerife North–Ciudad de La Laguna Airport, Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North–Ciudad de La Laguna Airport) on the Spa ...

, the deadliest accident in the history of civil aviation. * ''Music:'' The largest number (626) in the

Köchel catalogue The Köchel catalogue () is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated ''K.'' or ''KV''. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chro ...

of works of

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age ...

. * ''Religion:'' 666 is the

number of the beast The number of the beast (, ) is associated with the The Beast (Revelation), Beast of Revelation in chapter 13, verse 18 of the Book of Revelation. In most manuscripts of the New Testament and in English translations of the Bible, the number of ...

from the Book of Revelation. * ''Demography:''

Vatican City Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (; ), is a Landlocked country, landlocked sovereign state and city-state; it is enclaved within Rome, the capital city of Italy and Bishop of Rome, seat of the Catholic Church. It became inde ...

, the least populous independent country, has an approximate population of 800 as of 2018. * ''Communications:'' 911 is the emergency telephone number for the

and

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

10³

(; thousand) ISO:

kilo- Kilo is a decimal prefix, decimal metric prefix, unit prefix in the metric system denoting multiplication by one thousand (103). It is used in the International System of Units, where it has the symbol k, in Letter case, lowercase. The prefix ' ...

(k) * ''Scale:'' 1,000 – the scale factor of most

metric prefix A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pr ...

es. * ''Computing:'' 1,024 – the number of bytes in a kibibyte, and bits in a kibibit. * ''Videogames:'' There are 1,025 Pokémon up to the ninth and latest generation. * ''Mathematics:'' 1,093 is the smallest

Wieferich prime In number theory, a Wieferich prime is a prime number ''p'' such that ''p''2 divides , therefore connecting these primes with Fermat's little theorem, which states that every odd prime ''p'' divides . Wieferich primes were first described by A ...

. * ''Demography:'' The population of Ascension Island is 1,122. * ''Music:'' 1,128: number of known extant works by

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: Help:IPA/Standard German, �joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque music, Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety ...

recognized in the

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis The (, ; BWV) is a Catalogues of classical compositions, catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990 and the third edition in ...

as of 2017. * ''Mathematics:'' 1,729 is the first nontrivial taxicab number, expressed as the sum of two cubic numbers in two different ways. It is known as the Ramanujan number or Hardy–Ramanujan number after

G. H. Hardy Godfrey Harold Hardy (7 February 1877 – 1 December 1947) was an English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. In biology, he is known for the Hardy–Weinberg principle, a basic principle of pop ...

and Srinivasa Ramanujan. * ''Typesetting:'' 2,000–3,000 letters on a typical typed page of text. * ''Mathematics:'' is the smallest composite Mersenne number with prime exponent ''n''. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹¹ = 2,048 is the largest known

power of two A power of two is a number of the form where is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with number 2, two as the Base (exponentiation), base and integer as the exponent. In the fast-growing hierarchy, is exactly equal to f_1^ ...

with all even digits. * ''Mathematics:'' 2,520 (5×7×8×9 or 2³×3²×5×7) is the least common multiple of every positive integer under (and including) 10. * ''Demographics – Wealth:'' There are 2,781 billionaires worldwide . * ''Terrorism:'' 2,996 persons (including 19 terrorists) died in the

terrorist Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war aga ...

attacks of September 11, 2001. * ''Biology:'' the DNA of the simplest

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...

es has 3,000

base pair A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA ...

s. * ''Mathematics:'' 3,511 is the largest known

. * ''Military history'': 4,200 (Republic) or 5,200 (Empire) was the standard size of a

Roman legion The Roman legion (, ) was the largest military List of military legions, unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizenship, Roman citizens serving as legionary, legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 i ...

. * ''Linguistics:'' Estimates for the linguistic diversity of living human languages or dialects range between 5,000 and 10,000. ( SIL Ethnologue in 2009 listed 6,909 known living languages.) * ''Mathematics:'' 7! = 5,040 is the largest

factorial In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative denoted is the Product (mathematics), product of all positive integers less than or equal The factorial also equals the product of n with the next smaller factorial: \begin n! &= n \times ...

that is also a highly composite number. * ''Culture:'' 5,040 is mentioned by

Plato Plato ( ; Greek language, Greek: , ; born BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical Greece, Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the writte ...

in the ''

Laws Law is a set of rules that are created and are law enforcement, enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a Socia ...

'' as one of the most important numbers for the city. *''Astronomy – Catalogues:'' There are 7,840 deep-sky objects in the NGC Catalogue from 1888. * ''Mathematics:'' 8,128 is the fourth

. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹³ − 1 = 8,191 is the fifth

. * ''Lexicography:'' 8,674 unique words in the

Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach"
. '' ten thousand or a myriad) * ''Biology:'' Each

neuron A neuron (American English), neurone (British English), or nerve cell, is an membrane potential#Cell excitability, excitable cell (biology), cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network (biology), neural net ...

in the

human brain The human brain is the central organ (anatomy), organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activi ...

is estimated to connect to 10,000 others. * ''Demography:'' The population of

Tuvalu Tuvalu ( ) is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia. It lies east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (which belong to the Solomon Islands), northeast of Van ...

was 10,645 in 2017. * ''Lexicography:'' 14,500 unique English words occur in the

King James Version The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English Bible translations, Early Modern English translation of the Christianity, Christian Bible for the Church of England, wh ...

of the Bible. * ''Mathematics:'' 15,511 is the third Motzkin prime. *''Zoology:'' There are approximately 17,500 distinct butterfly species known. * ''Language:'' There are 20,000–40,000 distinct

Chinese character Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars, they represent the only on ...

s in more than occasional use. * ''Biology:'' Each human being is estimated to have 20,000 coding genes. * ''Grammar:'' Each regular

verb A verb is a word that generally conveys an action (''bring'', ''read'', ''walk'', ''run'', ''learn''), an occurrence (''happen'', ''become''), or a state of being (''be'', ''exist'', ''stand''). In the usual description of English, the basic f ...

Cherokee The Cherokee (; , or ) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, they were concentrated in their homelands, in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern ...

can have 21,262

inflected In linguistic Morphology (linguistics), morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical category, grammatical categories such as grammatical tense, ...

forms. * ''War:'' 22,717 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest single day of battle in American history. * ''Computing – Computational limit of a 16-bit CPU'': 32,767 is equal to 2¹⁵−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed ( two's complement) 16-bit integer on a computer. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 41,472 possible

permutation In mathematics, a permutation of a set can mean one of two different things: * an arrangement of its members in a sequence or linear order, or * the act or process of changing the linear order of an ordered set. An example of the first mean ...

s of the Gear Cube. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' 42,720 characters are encoded in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, the most of any single public-use

as of Unicode 15.0 (2022). * ''Aviation:'' , 44,000+ airframes have been built of the Cessna 172, the most-produced aircraft in history. * ''Computing:'' 65,504 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE half precision floating-point format. * ''Computing - Fonts:'' The maximum possible number of glyphs in a TrueType or OpenType font is 65,535 (2¹⁶-1), the largest number representable by the 16-bit unsigned integer used to record the total number of glyphs in the font. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' A plane contains 65,536 (2¹⁶) code points; this is also the maximum size of a

, and the total number of code points available in the obsolete UCS-2 encoding. * ''Mathematics:'' 65,537 is the fifth and largest known

. * ''Memory:'' , the largest number of decimal places of π that have been recited from

memory Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. If past events could not be remembe ...

is 70,030. * ''Mathematics:'' 82,000 is the only known number greater than 1 that can be written in bases from 2 through 5 using only 0s and 1s. * ''Mathematics:'' 87,360 is the fourth unitary perfect number.

10⁵

(; one hundred thousand or a

lakh A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105). In the Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. F ...

). * ''Biology – Strands of hair on a head:'' The average human head has about 100,000–150,000 strands of

hair Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals. The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and ...

. * ''Literature:'' approximately 100,000 verses (

shloka Shloka or śloka ( , from the root , Macdonell, Arthur A., ''A Sanskrit Grammar for Students'', Appendix II, p. 232 (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1927).) in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stan ...

s) in the '' Mahabharata''. * ''Demography:'' The population of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was 109,991 in 2012. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁷ − 1 = 131,071 is the sixth

. It is the largest nth Mersenne prime with n digits. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 138,240 possible combinations on the Skewb Diamond. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' 149,186 characters (including control characters) encoded in Unicode as of version 15.0 (2022). * ''Literature:'' 267,000 words in

James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (born James Augusta Joyce; 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet, and literary critic. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde movement and is regarded as one of the most influentia ...

's '' Ulysses''. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' 293,168 code points assigned to a

as of Unicode 15.0. * ''Genocide:'' 300,000 people killed in the

Nanjing Massacre The Nanjing Massacre, or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly Chinese postal romanization, romanized as ''Nanking'') was the mass murder of Chinese civilians, noncombatants, and surrendered prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanji ...

. * ''Language – English words:'' The New Oxford Dictionary of English contains about 360,000 definitions for English

word A word is a basic element of language that carries semantics, meaning, can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no consensus among linguist ...

s. * ''Mathematics:'' 380,000 – The approximate number of entries in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences . * ''Biology – Plants:'' There are approximately 390,000 distinct plant species known, of which approximately 20% (or 78,000) are at risk of extinction. *''Biology – Flowers:'' There are approximately 400,000 distinct flower species on Earth. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁹ − 1 = 524,287 is the seventh

. * ''Literature:'' 564,000 words in '' War and Peace'' by

Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution re ...

. * ''Literature:'' 930,000 words in the

of the Bible. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 933,120 possible combinations on the Pyraminx. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' There are 974,530 publicly-assignable code points (i.e., not surrogates, private-use code points, or noncharacters) in Unicode.

10⁶

(; 1000²;

: one million) ISO:

mega- Mega is a metric prefix, unit prefix in metric systems of units denoting a factor of one million (106 or 1000000 (number), ). It has the unit symbol M. It was confirmed for use in the International System of Units (SI) in 1960. ''Mega'' comes fro ...

(M) * ''

Demography Demography () is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration. Demographic analysis examine ...

:'' The population of

Riga Riga ( ) is the capital, Primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city of Latvia. Home to 591,882 inhabitants (as of 2025), the city accounts for a third of Latvia's total population. The population of Riga Planni ...

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

was 1,003,949 in 2004, according to

Eurostat Eurostat ("European Statistical Office"; also DG ESTAT) is a department of the European Commission ( Directorate-General), located in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Eurostat's main responsibilities are to provide statist ...

. * ''Computing –

UTF-8 UTF-8 is a character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from ''Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit''. Almost every webpage is transmitted as UTF-8. UTF-8 supports all 1,112,0 ...

:'' There are 1,112,064 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶ - 2¹¹) valid

sequences (excluding overlong sequences and sequences corresponding to code points used for UTF-16 surrogates or code points beyond U+10FFFF). * ''Computing – UTF-16/Unicode:'' There are 1,114,112 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶) distinct values encodable in UTF-16, and, thus (as Unicode is currently limited to the UTF-16 code space), 1,114,112 valid code points in Unicode (1,112,064 scalar values and 2,048 surrogates). *'' Ludology – Number of games:'' Approximately 1,181,019 video games have been created as of 2019. * ''

Biology Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, History of life, origin, evolution, and ...

–

Species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

:'' The World Resources Institute claims that approximately 1.4 million

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species). Some scientists give 8.8 million species as an exact figure. * ''

Genocide Genocide is violence that targets individuals because of their membership of a group and aims at the destruction of a people. Raphael Lemkin, who first coined the term, defined genocide as "the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group" by ...

:'' Approximately 800,000–1,500,000 (1.5 million)

Armenians Armenians (, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.Robert Hewsen, Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiq ...

were killed in the

Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...

. * ''

Linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds ...

:'' The number of possible conjugations for each verb in the Archi language is 1,502,839. * ''Info:'' The

freedb Freedb was a database of User-generated content, user-submitted compact disc track listings, where all the content was under the GNU General Public License. To look up CD information over the Internet, a client program calculated a hash function fr ...

database of CD track listings has around 1,750,000 entries . * ''Computing – UTF-8:'' 2,164,864 (2²¹ + 2¹⁶ + 2¹¹ + 2⁷) possible one- to four-byte UTF-8 sequences, if the restrictions on overlong sequences, surrogate code points, and code points beyond U+10FFFF are ''not'' adhered to. (Note that not all of these correspond to unique code points.) * ''

Mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...

– Playing cards:'' There are 2,598,960 different 5-card poker hands that can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 3,149,280 possible positions for the Skewb. *''Mathematics – Rubik's Cube:'' 3,674,160 is the number of combinations for the Pocket Cube (2×2×2 Rubik's Cube). * ''

Geography Geography (from Ancient Greek ; combining 'Earth' and 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding o ...

/Computing – Geographic places:'' The NIMA GEOnet Names Server contains approximately 3.88 million named

geographic feature In geography and particularly in geographic information science, a geographic feature or simply feature (also called an object or entity) is a representation of phenomenon that exists at a location in the space and scale of relevance to geograph ...

s outside the

, with 5.34 million names. The USGS

Geographic Names Information System The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database of name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features, encompassing the United States and its territories; the Compact of Free Association, asso ...

claims to have almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features within the United States. * ''Computing - Supercomputer hardware:'' 4,981,760 processor cores in the final configuration of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer. * ''Genocide:'' Approximately 5,100,000–6,200,000

Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

were killed in

the Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...

. * ''Info – Web sites:'' As of , , the

English Wikipedia The English Wikipedia is the primary English-language edition of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. It was created by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on 15 January 2001, as Wikipedia's first edition. English Wikipedia is hosted alongside o ...

contains approximately million articles in the

English language English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a English as a lingua franca, global lingua franca. The namesake of the language is the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples th ...

10⁷

(; a crore;

: ten million) * ''Demography:'' The population of

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

was 10,085,214 in 2010. * ''Literature:'' 11,206,310 words in ''Devta'' by Mohiuddin Nawab, the longest continuously published story known in the history of literature. * ''Genocide'': An estimated 12 million persons shipped from Africa to the New World in the

Atlantic slave trade The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of Slavery in Africa, enslaved African people to the Americas. European slave ships regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Pass ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 12,988,816 is the number of domino tilings of an 8×8 checkerboard. * ''Genocide/Famine:'' 15 million is an estimated lower bound for the death toll of the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine, the deadliest known famine in human history. * ''War:'' 15 to 22 million casualties estimated as a result of

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. * ''Computing:'' 16,777,216 different

color Color (or colour in English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English; American and British English spelling differences#-our, -or, see spelling differences) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum. Though co ...

s can be generated using the hex code system in

HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets ( ...

(note that the trichromatic color vision of the

human eye The human eye is a sensory organ in the visual system that reacts to light, visible light allowing eyesight. Other functions include maintaining the circadian rhythm, and Balance (ability), keeping balance. The eye can be considered as a living ...

can only distinguish between about an estimated 1,000,000 different colors). * ''Computing:'' 16,777,216 (2²⁴) – number until which all integer values can exactly be represented in IEEE single precision floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 19,958,400 possible combinations on the Dino Cube. * ''Science Fiction'': In

Isaac Asimov Isaac Asimov ( ; – April 6, 1992) was an Russian-born American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University. During his lifetime, Asimov was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers, along with Robert A. H ...

's Galactic Empire, in 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

s in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario. * ''Demography:'' The population of

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

was 34,566,328 in 2022. * ''Demography:'' The population of

was 36,991,981 in 2021. * ''Demographics – Oceania:'' The population of

Oceania Oceania ( , ) is a region, geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Outside of the English-speaking world, Oceania is generally considered a continent, while Mainland Australia is regarded as its co ...

was 44,491,724 in 2021. * ''Genocide/Famine:'' 55 million is an estimated upper bound for the death toll of the Great Chinese Famine. * ''Literature:''

Wikipedia Wikipedia is a free content, free Online content, online encyclopedia that is written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki. Founded by Jimmy Wales and La ...

contains a total of around articles in languages as of . *''Demography:'' The population of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

was 66,940,559 in 2021. * ''War:'' 70 to 85 million casualties estimated as a result of

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 73,939,133 is the largest right-truncatable prime. * ''Mathematics:'' 87,539,319 is the third taxicab number.

10⁸

(;

: one hundred million) * ''Demography:'' The population of the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

was 100,981,437 in 2015. * ''Internet – YouTube:'' The number of

YouTube YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim who were three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in ...

channels is estimated to be 113.9 million. * ''Info – Books:'' The

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit li ...

holds more than 150 million items. The

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law o ...

holds approximately 148 million items. See '' The Gutenberg Galaxy''. * ''Mathematics:'' The number of partitions of 100 is 190,569,292. * ''Video gaming:'' , approximately 200 million copies of ''

Minecraft ''Minecraft'' is a 2011 sandbox game developed and published by the Swedish video game developer Mojang Studios. Originally created by Markus Persson, Markus "Notch" Persson using the Java (programming language), Java programming language, the ...

'' (the most-sold video game in history) have been sold. * ''Mathematics:'' More than 215,000,000 mathematical constants are collected on the Plouffe's Inverter . * ''Mathematics:'' 275,305,224 is the number of 5×5 normal

magic square In mathematics, especially History of mathematics, historical and recreational mathematics, a square array of numbers, usually positive integers, is called a magic square if the sums of the numbers in each row, each column, and both main diago ...

s, not counting rotations and reflections. This result was found in 1973 by Richard Schroeppel. *''Demography:'' The population of the

was 331,449,281 in 2020. * ''Mathematics:'' 358,833,097 stellations of the

rhombic triacontahedron The rhombic triacontahedron, sometimes simply called the triacontahedron as it is the most common thirty-faced polyhedron, is a convex polyhedron with 30 rhombus, rhombic face (geometry), faces. It has 60 edge (geometry), edges and 32 vertex ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 406,425,600 possible combinations on the Rubik's Domino. * ''Demographics – South America:'' The population of

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

was 434,254,119 in 2021. * ''Info – Web sites:'' , the

Netcraft Netcraft is an Internet services company based in London, England. The company provides cybercrime disruption services across a range of industries. History Netcraft was founded by Mike Prettejohn in Bath, Somerset. The company provides web s ...

web survey estimates that there are 525,998,433 (526 million) distinct

website A website (also written as a web site) is any web page whose content is identified by a common domain name and is published on at least one web server. Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news, educatio ...

s. * ''Mathematics:'' 2²⁹ = 536,870,912 is the largest

with distinct digits. * ''Demographics – North America:'' The population of

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

was 592,296,233 in 2021. * ''Demographics – Europe:'' The population of

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

was 745,173,774 in 2021. * ''Toys – Lego:'' Six bricks of 2 × 4

Lego Lego (, ; ; stylised as LEGO) is a line of plastic construction toys manufactured by the Lego Group, a privately held company based in Billund, Denmark. Lego consists of variously coloured interlocking plastic bricks made of acrylonitri ...

studs can be combined in 915,103,765 ways. * ''Astronomy – Cataloged stars:'' The Guide Star Catalog II has entries on 998,402,801 distinct

astronomical object An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe. In astronomy, the terms ''object'' and ''body'' are of ...

10⁹

(; 1000³; short scale: one billion; long scale: one thousand million, or one milliard) ISO:

giga- Giga- ( or ) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of a short-scale billion or long-scale milliard (109 or 1,000,000,000). It has the symbol G. ''Giga-'' is derived from the Greek word (''gígas''), meaning "giant". The ...

(G) * ''Info – Web sites:'' As of , , the

has been edited approximately billion times. *''Transportation – Cars:'' , there are approximately 1.4 billion cars in the world, corresponding to around 18% of the human population. * ''Demographics – China:'' 1,409,670,000 – approximate population of the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

in 2023. * ''Demographics – India:'' 1,428,627,663 – approximate population of

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

in 2023. * ''Demographics – Africa:'' The population of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

reached 1,430,000,000 sometime in 2023. *''Internet – Google:'' There are more than 1,500,000,000 active Gmail users globally. * ''Internet:'' Approximately 1,500,000,000 active users were on

Facebook Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by the American technology conglomerate Meta Platforms, Meta. Created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with four other Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andre ...

as of October 2015. * ''Computing – Computational limit of a 32-bit CPU'': 2,147,483,647 is equal to 2³¹−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed ( two's complement) 32-bit integer on a computer. * ''Mathematics:'' 2³¹ − 1 = 2,147,483,647 is the eighth Mersenne prime. * ''Computing – UTF-8:'' 2,147,483,648 (2³¹) possible code points (U+0000 - U+7FFFFFFF) in the pre-2003 version of

(including five- and six-byte sequences), before the UTF-8 code space was limited to the much smaller set of values encodable in UTF-16. * ''Biology – base pairs in the genome:'' approximately 3.3

s in the human

genome A genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as ...

. * ''Linguistics'': 3,400,000,000 – the total number of speakers of

Indo-European languages The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e. ...

, of which 2,400,000,000 are native speakers; the other 1,000,000,000 speak Indo-European languages as a second language. * ''Mathematics'' and ''computing'': 4,294,967,295 (2³² − 1), the product of the five known Fermat primes and the maximum value for a 32-bit unsigned integer in computing. * ''Computing –

IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the first version of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a standalone specification. It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet and other packet-switched networks. ...

:'' 4,294,967,296 (2³²) possible unique

IP address An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IP addresses serve two main functions: network interface i ...

es. * ''Computing:'' 4,294,967,296 – the number of bytes in 4

gibibyte The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable un ...

s; in computation, 32-bit computers can directly access 2³² units (bytes) of address space, which leads directly to the 4-gigabyte limit on main memory. * ''Mathematics:'' 4,294,967,297 is a

Fermat number In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665), the first known to have studied them, is a natural number, positive integer of the form:F_ = 2^ + 1, where ''n'' is a non-negative integer. The first few Fermat numbers ...

and semiprime. It is the smallest number of the form

2^+1

which is not a

prime number A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a Product (mathematics), product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime ...

. * ''Demographics – Asia:'' The population of

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

was 4,694,576,167 in 2021. * ''Demographics –

world population In demographics of the world, world demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently alive. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded eight billion in mid-November 2022. It took around 300,000 years of h ...

:'' 8,019,876,189 – Estimated population for the world as of 1 January 2024.

10¹⁰

(; short scale: ten billion; long scale: ten thousand million, or ten milliard) * ''Biology – bacteria in the human body:'' There are roughly 10¹⁰

bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr ...

in the

human mouth In human anatomy, the mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives Human food, food and produces saliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth. In addition to its primary role as th ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 32,212,254,719 is the fourth Woodall prime. * ''Mathematics:'' 51,001,180,160 is the largest known triperfect number. * ''Computing – web pages:'' approximately 5.6

web page A web page (or webpage) is a World Wide Web, Web document that is accessed in a web browser. A website typically consists of many web pages hyperlink, linked together under a common domain name. The term "web page" is therefore a metaphor of pap ...

s indexed by

Google Google LLC (, ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial ...

as of 2010.

10¹¹

(; short scale: one hundred billion; long scale: hundred thousand million, or hundred milliard) * ''Astronomy:'' There are 100 billion planets located in the Milky Way. * ''Astronomy – stars in our galaxy:'' of the order of 10¹¹

star A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma (physics), plasma held together by Self-gravitation, self-gravity. The List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs, nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night sk ...

s in the Milky Way galaxy. * ''Biology – Neurons in the brain:'' approximately (1±0.2) × 10¹¹

s in the

. * '' Paleodemography – Number of humans that have ever lived'': approximately (1.2±0.3) × 10¹¹ live births of anatomically modern humans since the beginning of the

Upper Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), according to some theories ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 198,585,576,189 is the only known Descartes number. *''Mathematics – Nine-Colour Cube:'' 268,240,896,000 is the number of combinations for the Nine-Colour Cube. * ''Medicine:'' The United States

Food and Drug Administration The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a List of United States federal agencies, federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is respo ...

requires a minimum of 3 x 10¹¹ (300 billion) platelets per apheresis unit. * ''Mathematics:'' 608,981,813,029 is the smallest number for which there are more primes of the form 3''k'' + 1 than of the form 3''k'' + 2 up to the number.

10¹²

(; 1000⁴; short scale: one trillion; long scale: one billion) ISO: tera- (T) * ''Astronomy:'' Andromeda Galaxy, which is part of the same Local Group as our galaxy, contains about 10¹² stars. * ''Biology – Bacteria on the human body:'' The surface of the human body houses roughly 10¹²

. * ''Astronomy – Galaxies'': A 2016 estimate says there are 2 × 10¹² galaxies in the

observable universe The observable universe is a Ball (mathematics), spherical region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observation, observed from Earth; the electromagnetic radiation from these astronomical object, objects has had time to reach t ...

. * ''Biology:'' An estimate says there were 3.04 × 10¹²

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...

s on Earth in 2015. * ''Mathematics:'' 6,963,472,309,248 is the fourth taxicab number. * ''Mathematics'': 7,625,597,484,987 – a number that often appears when dealing with powers of 3. It can be expressed as

19683^3

27^9

3^

3^

and ³3 or when using Knuth's up-arrow notation it can be expressed as

3 \uparrow\uparrow 3

and

3 \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 2

. * ''Astronomy:'' A

light-year A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly , which is approximately 9.46 trillion km or 5.88 trillion mi. As defined by the International Astr ...

, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year, which is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion

kilometer The kilometre ( SI symbol: km; or ), spelt kilometer in American and Philippine English, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for ). It is the preferred mea ...

s (). * ''Mathematics:'' 10¹³ – The approximate number of known non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function . * ''Biology – Blood cells in the human body:'' The average human body is estimated to have (2.5 ± .5) × 10¹³ red blood cells. * ''Mathematics – Known digits of π:'' , the number of known digits of π is 31,415,926,535,897 (the integer part of π). * ''Mathematics – Digits of :'' , the number has been calculated to 35,000,000,000,000 digits. * ''Biology'' – approximately 10¹⁴ synapses in the human brain. * ''Biology – Cells in the human body:'' The

human body The human body is the entire structure of a Human, human being. It is composed of many different types of Cell (biology), cells that together create Tissue (biology), tissues and subsequently Organ (biology), organs and then Organ system, org ...

consists of roughly 10¹⁴ cells, of which only 10¹³ are human. The remaining 90% non-human cells (though much smaller and constituting much less mass) are

, which mostly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, although the skin is also covered in bacteria. * ''Mathematics:'' The first case of exactly 18 prime numbers between multiples of 100 is 122,853,771,370,900 + ''n'', for ''n'' = 1, 3, 7, 19, 21, 27, 31, 33, 37, 49, 51, 61, 69, 73, 87, 91, 97, 99. * ''Cryptography:'' 150,738,274,937,250 configurations of the plug-board of the Enigma machine used by the Germans in WW2 to encode and decode messages by cipher. * ''Computing – MAC-48:'' 281,474,976,710,656 (2⁴⁸) possible unique physical addresses. * ''Mathematics:'' 953,467,954,114,363 is the fourth and largest known Motzkin prime.

10¹⁵

(; 1000⁵; short scale: one quadrillion; long scale: one thousand billion, or one billiard) ISO: peta- (P) * ''Biology – Insects'': 1,000,000,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁵ to 10¹⁶) – The estimated total number of

ant Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vespoidea, vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cre ...

s on Earth alive at any one time (their

biomass Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms. In the latter context, there are variations in how ...

is approximately equal to the total biomass of the human species). * ''Computing:'' 9,007,199,254,740,992 (2⁵³) – number until which all integer values can exactly be represented in IEEE double precision floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' 48,988,659,276,962,496 is the fifth taxicab number. * ''Science Fiction'': In

's Galactic Empire, in what we call 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by

s in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario, each with an average population of 2,000,000,000, thus yielding a total Galactic Empire population of approximately 50,000,000,000,000,000. * ''Cryptography:'' There are 2⁵⁶ = 72,057,594,037,927,936 different possible keys in the obsolete 56-bit DES symmetric cipher. * ''Science Fiction'': There are approximately 100,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁷) sentient beings in the ''

Star Wars ''Star Wars'' is an American epic film, epic space opera media franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the Star Wars (film), eponymous 1977 film and Cultural impact of Star Wars, quickly became a worldwide popular culture, pop cu ...

'' galaxy. * ''Mathematics – Ramanujan's constant:'' = ... . This number is very close to the integer . See 10⁻¹⁵. * ''Physical culture:'' Highest amount of

byte The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable un ...

s lifted by a human is 318,206,335,271,488,635 by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson.

10¹⁸

(; 1000⁶; short scale: one quintillion; long scale: one trillion) ISO: exa- (E) * ''Mathematics:'' The first case of exactly 19 prime numbers between multiples of 100 is 1,468,867,005,116,420,800 + ''n'', for ''n'' = 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, 31, 37, 39, 43, 49, 51, 63, 67, 69, 73, 79, 81, 87, 93. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁶¹ − 1 = 2,305,843,009,213,693,951 (≈2.31) is the ninth Mersenne prime. It was determined to be prime in 1883 by Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin. This number is sometimes called Pervushin's number. * ''Mathematics:''

Goldbach's conjecture Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known list of unsolved problems in mathematics, unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics. It states that every even and odd numbers, even natural number greater than 2 is the ...

has been verified for all ''n'' ≤ 4 by a project which computed all prime numbers up to that limit. * ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' An estimated 6

transistor A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch electrical signals and electric power, power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semicondu ...

s were produced worldwide in 2008. * ''Computing – Computational limit of a 64-bit CPU'': 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (about 9.22) is equal to 2⁶³−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed ( two's complement) 64-bit integer on a computer. * ''Mathematics – NCAA basketball tournament:'' There are 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 (2⁶³) possible ways to enter the

bracket A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their n ...

. * ''Mathematics – Bases:'' 9,439,829,801,208,141,318 (≈9.44) is the 10th and (by conjecture) largest number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 18 using only the digits 0 to 9, meaning the digits for 10 to 17 are not needed in bases greater than 10. * ''Biology – Insects:'' It has been estimated that the

insect Insects (from Latin ') are Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (Insect morphology#Head, head, ...

population of the Earth is about 10¹⁹. * ''Mathematics – Answer to the wheat and chessboard problem:'' When doubling the grains of wheat on each successive square of a chessboard, beginning with one grain of wheat on the first square, the final number of grains of wheat on all 64 squares of the chessboard when added up is 2⁶⁴−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84). * ''Mathematics – Legends:'' The Tower of Brahma

legend A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values, and possess certain qualities that give the ...

tells about a

Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...

temple containing a large room with three posts, on one of which are 64

gold Gold is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol Au (from Latin ) and atomic number 79. In its pure form, it is a brightness, bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal ...

en discs, and the object of the mathematical game is for the Brahmins in this temple to move all of the discs to another pole so that they are in the same order, never placing a larger disc above a smaller disc, moving only one at a time. Using the simplest algorithm for moving the disks, it would take 2⁶⁴−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84) turns to complete the task (the same number as the wheat and chessboard problem above). * ''Computing – IPv6:'' 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2⁶⁴; ≈1.84) possible unique /64 subnetworks. * ''Mathematics – Rubik's Cube:'' There are 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (≈4.33) different positions of a 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube. * ''Password strength:'' Usage of the 95-character set found on standard computer keyboards for a 10-character password yields a computationally intractability (complexity), intractable 59,873,693,923,837,890,625 (95¹⁰, approximately 5.99) permutations. * ''Internet – YouTube:'' There are 73,786,976,294,838,206,464 (2⁶⁶; ≈7.38) possible YouTube video URLs. * ''Economics:'' Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe estimated in February 2009 by some economists at 10 sextillion percent, or a factor of 10²⁰. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁶⁸ = 295,147,905,179,352,825,856 is the first

to contain all decimal digits.

10²¹

Sudoku Puzzle by L2G-20050714 solution standardized layout

(; 1000⁷; short scale: one sextillion; long scale: one thousand trillion, or one trilliard) ISO: zetta- (Z) * ''Geo – Grains of sand:'' All the world's beaches combined have been estimated to hold roughly 10²¹ grains of sand. * ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' Intel predicted that there would be 1.2

s in the world by 2015 and Forbes estimated that 2.9 transistors had been shipped up to 2014. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁷¹ = 2,361,183,241,434,822,606,848 is the largest known

not containing the digit '5' in its decimal representation. The same is true for the digit '7'. * ''Chemistry:'' There are about 5 atoms in a drop of water. * ''Mathematics – Sudoku:'' There are 6,670,903,752,021,072,936,960 (≈6.7) 9×9 sudoku grids. * ''Computing:'' 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10²²) – number until which all powers of 10 can exactly be represented in IEEE double precision floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' The first case of exactly 20 prime numbers between multiples of 100 is 20,386,095,164,137,273,086,400 + ''n'', for ''n'' = 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 19, 21, 31, 33, 37, 49, 57, 63, 73, 79, 87, 91, 93, 97, 99. * ''Mathematics:'' 5³² = 23,283,064,365,386,962,890,625 is the largest known power of five not containing a pair of consecutive equal digits. * ''Mathematics:'' 24,153,319,581,254,312,065,344 is the sixth and largest known taxicab number. * ''Astronomy – Stars:'' 70 sextillion = 7, the estimated number of

s within range of telescopes (as of 2003). * ''Astronomy – Stars:'' in the range of 10²³ to 10²⁴ stars in the

. * ''Mathematics:'' 146,361,946,186,458,562,560,000 (≈1.5) is the fifth and largest known unitary perfect number. * ''Mathematics:'' 357,686,312,646,216,567,629,137 (≈3.6) is the largest left-truncatable prime. Avogadro number cube visualisation

* ''Mathematics:'' 2⁷⁸ = 302,231,454,903,657,293,676,544 is the largest known

not containing the digit '8' in its decimal representation. * ''Chemistry – Physics:'' The Avogadro constant () is the number of constituents (e.g. atoms or molecules) in one mole (unit), mole of a substance, defined for convenience as expressing the order of magnitude separating the molecular from the macroscopic scale.

10²⁴

(; 1000⁸; short scale: one septillion; long scale: one quadrillion) ISO: yotta- (Y) * ''Mathematics:'' 2,833,419,889,721,787,128,217,599 (≈2.8) is the fifth Woodall prime. * ''Mathematics:'' 3,608,528,850,368,400,786,036,725 (≈3.6) is the largest polydivisible number. * ''Mathematics – Impossiball:'' There are 23,563,902,142,421,896,679,424,000 (about 2.36) different positions of the Impossiball. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁸⁶ = 77,371,252,455,336,267,181,195,264 is the largest known

not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁸⁹ − 1 = 618,970,019,642,690,137,449,562,111 (≈6.19) is the tenth

. See List of Mersenne primes and perfect numbers.

10²⁷

(; 1000⁹; short scale: one octillion; long scale: one thousand quadrillion, or one quadrilliard) ISO: ronna- (R) * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁹¹ = 2,475,880,078,570,760,549,798,248,448 is the largest known

not containing the digit '1' in its decimal representation. * ''Biology – Atoms in the human body:'' the average human body contains roughly 7 atoms. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁹³ = 9,903,520,314,283,042,199,192,993,792 is the largest known

not containing the digit '6' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' the number of unique combinations of hands and shared cards in a 10-player game of Texas hold 'em is approximately 2.117.

10³⁰

(; 1000¹⁰; short scale: one nonillion; long scale: one quintillion) ISO: quetta- (Q) * ''Mathematics:'' Belphegor's prime, 10³⁰ + 666 × 10¹⁴ + 1, or 1,000,000,000,000,066,600,000,000,000,001. * ''Biology – Bacterial cells on Earth:'' The number of

l cells on Earth is estimated at 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or 5 × 10³⁰. * ''Mathematics:'' 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,027 is the larges
quasi-minimal prime
* ''Mathematics:'' The number of partitions of 1000 is 24,061,467,864,032,622,473,692,149,727,991. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁰⁷ − 1 = 162,259,276,829,213,363,391,578,010,288,127 (≈1.62) is the 11th

. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁰⁷ = 162,259,276,829,213,363,391,578,010,288,128 is the largest known

not containing the digit '4' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' 3⁶⁸ = 278,128,389,443,693,511,257,285,776,231,761 is the largest known power of three not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁰⁸ = 324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 is the largest known

not containing the digit '9' in its decimal representation.

10³³

(; 1000¹¹; short scale: one decillion; long scale: one thousand quintillion, or one quintilliard) * ''Mathematics – Alexander's Star:'' There are 72,431,714,252,715,638,411,621,302,272,000,000 (about 7.24) different positions of Alexander's Star.

10³⁶

(; 1000¹²; short scale: one undecillion; long scale: one sextillion) * ''Biology:'' The total number of DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹²⁶ = 85,070,591,730,234,615,865,843,651,857,942,052,864 is the largest known

not containing a pair of consecutive equal digits. * ''Mathematics:'' 2^2⁷−1 − 1 = 170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,727 (≈1.7) is the largest known double Mersenne prime and the 12th Mersenne prime. * ''Computing:'' 2¹²⁸ = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367), the theoretical maximum number of Internet addresses that can be allocated under the IPv6 addressing system, one more than the largest value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value, the total number of different Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) that can be generated. * ''Cryptography:'' 2¹²⁸ = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard, AES 128-bit key space (cryptography), key space (symmetric cipher).

10³⁹

(; 1000¹³; short scale: one duodecillion; long scale: one thousand sextillion, or one sextilliard) * ''Cosmology:'' The Eddington–Dirac number is roughly 10⁴⁰. * ''Mathematics:'' 5⁵⁸ = 34,694,469,519,536,141,888,238,489,627,838,134,765,625 is the largest known power of five not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' Primorial, 97# × 2⁵ × 3³ × 5 × 7 = 69,720,375,229,712,477,164,533,808,935,312,303,556,800 (≈6.97) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 100.

10⁴² to 10⁶³

(; 1000¹⁴; short scale: one tredecillion; long scale: one septillion) * ''Mathematics:'' 141 × 2¹⁴¹ + 1 = 393,050,634,124,102,232,869,567,034,555,427,371,542,904,833 (≈3.93) is the second Cullen prime. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 7,401,196,841,564,901,869,874,093,974,498,574,336,000,000,000 (≈7.4) possible permutations for the Rubik's Revenge (4×4×4 Rubik's Cube). ChessStartingPosition

* ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁵³ = 11,417,981,541,647,679,048,466,287,755,595,961,091,061,972,992 is the largest known

not containing the digit '3' in its decimal representation. * ''Chess'': 4.52 is a proven upper bound for the number of chess positions allowed according to the rules of chess. * ''Geo'': 1.33 is the estimated number of atom, atoms on Earth. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁶⁸ = 374,144,419,156,711,147,060,143,317,175,368,453,031,918,731,001,856 is the largest known

which is not Pandigital number, pandigital: There is no digit '2' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' 3¹⁰⁶ = 375,710,212,613,636,260,325,580,163,599,137,907,799,836,383,538,729 is the largest known power of three which is not pandigital: There is no digit '4' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' 808,017,424,794,512,875,886,459,904,961,710,757,005,754,368,000,000,000 (≈8.08) is the Order (group theory), order of the monster group. * ''Cryptography:'' 2¹⁹² = 6,277,101,735,386,680,763,835,789,423,207,666,416,102,355,444,464,034,512,896 (6.27710174), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 192-bit key space (cryptography), key space (symmetric cipher). * ''Cosmology:'' 8 is roughly the number of Planck time intervals since the universe is theorised to have been created in the Big Bang 13.799 ± 0.021 1000000000 (number), billion years ago.

10⁶³ to 10¹⁰⁰

(; 1000²¹; short scale: one vigintillion; long scale: one thousand decillion, or one decilliard) * ''Cosmology:'' 1 is Archimedes' estimate in ''The Sand Reckoner'' of the total number of grains of sand that could fit into the entire cosmos, the diameter of which he estimated in stadion (unit), stadia to be what we call 2

s. * ''Mathematics:'' 3¹³³ = 2,865,014,852,390,475,710,679,572,105,323,242,035,759,805,416,923,029,389,510,561,523 is the largest known power of three not containing a pair of consecutive equal digits. * ''Mathematics – Cards:'' 52factorial, ! = 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000 (≈8.07) – the number of ways to order the Playing card, cards in a 52-card deck. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 100,669,616,553,523,347,122,516,032,313,645,505,168,688,116,411,019,768,627,200,000,000,000 (≈1.01×10⁶⁸) possible combinations for the Megaminx. * ''Mathematics:'' 1,808,422,353,177,349,564,546,512,035,512,530,001,279,481,259,854,248,860,454,348,989,451,026,887 (≈1.81) – The largest known prime factor found by Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization (LECF) . * ''Mathematics:'' There are 282,870,942,277,741,856,536,180,333,107,150,328,293,127,731,985,672,134,721,536,000,000,000,000,000 (≈2.83) possible permutations for the Professor's Cube (5×5×5 Rubik's Cube). * ''Cryptography:'' 2²⁵⁶ = 115,792,089,237,316,195,423,570,985,008,687,907,853,269,984,665,640,564,039,457,584,007,913,129,639,936 (≈1.15792089), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit key space (cryptography), key space (symmetric cipher). * ''Cosmology:'' Various sources estimate the total number of fundamental particles in the

to be within the range of 10⁸⁰ to 10⁸⁵.WMAP- Content of the Universe
. Map.gsfc.nasa.gov (2010-04-16). Retrieved on 2011-05-01. However, these estimates are generally regarded as guesswork. (Compare the Eddington number, the estimated total number of protons in the observable universe.) * ''Computing:'' 9.999 999 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal32 floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' 69! (roughly 1.7112245), is the largest

value that can be represented on a calculator with two digits for powers of ten without overflow. * ''Mathematics:'' One googol, 1, 1 followed by one hundred zeros, or 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.

10¹⁰⁰ (one googol) to 10¹⁰⁰⁰

(; short scale: ten duotrigintillion; long scale: ten thousand sexdecillion, or ten sexdecillard) * ''Mathematics:'' There are 157 152 858 401 024 063 281 013 959 519 483 771 508 510 790 313 968 742 344 694 684 829 502 629 887 168 573 442 107 637 760 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.57) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 6 (6×6×6 Rubik's Cube). * ''Chess:'' Shannon number, 10¹²⁰, a lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess. * ''Physics:'' 10¹²⁰, Cosmological constant problem, discrepancy between the observed value of the cosmological constant and a naive estimate based on Quantum Field Theory and the Planck energy. * ''Physics:'' 8, ratio of the mass-energy in the

to the energy of a photon with a wavelength the size of the

. * ''Mathematics:'' 19 568 584 333 460 072 587 245 340 037 736 278 982 017 213 829 337 604 336 734 362 294 738 647 777 395 483 196 097 971 852 999 259 921 329 236 506 842 360 439 300 (≈1.96) is the period of Fermat pseudoprimes. * ''History – Religion:'' Asaṃkhyeya is a Buddhism, Buddhist name for the number 10¹⁴⁰. It is listed in the Avatamsaka Sutra and metaphorically means "innumerable" in the Sanskrit language of History of India, ancient India. * ''Xiangqi:'' 10¹⁵⁰, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of xiangqi. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁵²¹ − 1 = 6 864 797 660 130 609 714 981 900 799 081 393 217 269 435 300 143 305 409 394 463 459 185 543 183 397 656 052 122 559 640 661 454 554 977 296 311 391 480 858 037 121 987 999 716 643 812 574 028 291 115 057 151 (≈6.86) is the largest known prime which is simultaneously a

and Woodall prime. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 19 500 551 183 731 307 835 329 126 754 019 748 794 904 992 692 043 434 567 152 132 912 323 232 706 135 469 180 065 278 712 755 853 360 682 328 551 719 137 311 299 993 600 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.95) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 7 (7×7×7 Rubik's Cube). FloorGoban

* ''Go:'' There are 208 168 199 381 979 984 699 478 633 344 862 770 286 522 453 884 530 548 425 639 456 820 927 419 612 738 015 378 525 648 451 698 519 643 907 259 916 015 628 128 546 089 888 314 427 129 715 319 317 557 736 620 397 247 064 840 935 (≈2.08) legal positions in the game of Go. See Go and mathematics. * ''Economics:'' The annualized rate of the Hungarian pengő#Hyperinflation, hyperinflation in Hungary in 1946 was estimated to be 2.9%. It was the most extreme case of hyperinflation ever recorded. * ''Board games:'' 3.457, number of ways to arrange the tiles in English-language Scrabble, English Scrabble on a standard 15-by-15 Scrabble board. * ''Physics:'' 10¹⁸⁶, approximate number of Planck volumes in the

. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 1 232 507 756 161 568 013 733 174 639 895 750 813 761 087 074 840 896 182 396 140 424 396 146 760 158 229 902 239 889 099 665 575 990 049 299 860 175 851 176 152 712 039 950 335 697 389 221 704 074 672 278 055 758 253 470 515 200 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.23) distinguishable permutations of the Tuttminx. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 35 173 780 923 109 452 777 509 592 367 006 557 398 539 936 328 978 098 352 427 605 879 843 998 663 990 903 628 634 874 024 098 344 287 402 504 043 608 416 113 016 679 717 941 937 308 041 012 307 368 528 117 622 006 727 311 360 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈3.52) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 8 (8×8×8 Rubik's Cube). * ''Shogi:'' 10²²⁶, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of shogi. * ''Physics:'' 7, approximate spacetime volume of the history of the observable universe in Planck units. * ''Computing:'' 170! (roughly 7.2574156), is the largest

value that can be represented in the IEEE double precision floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' 1.797 693 134 862 315 807 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE double precision floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' 1.397162914 is an estimate of a value of

x

for which

\operatorname(x) < \pi(x)

(known as Skewes's number) given by Stoll & Demichel (2011). A proved upper bound of exp(727.951346802) < 1.397182091 (without assuming the Riemann hypothesis) or exp(727.951338612) < 1.397170648 (assuming RH) is given by Zegowitz (2010). * ''Computing:'' (10 – 10⁻¹⁵) is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal64 floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' Primorial, 997# × 31# × 7 × 5² × 3⁴ × 2⁷ = 7 128 865 274 665 093 053 166 384 155 714 272 920 668 358 861 885 893 040 452 001 991 154 324 087 581 111 499 476 444 151 913 871 586 911 717 817 019 575 256 512 980 264 067 621 009 251 465 871 004 305 131 072 686 268 143 200 196 609 974 862 745 937 188 343 705 015 434 452 523 739 745 298 963 145 674 982 128 236 956 232 823 794 011 068 809 262 317 708 861 979 540 791 247 754 558 049 326 475 737 829 923 352 751 796 735 248 042 463 638 051 137 034 331 214 781 746 850 878 453 485 678 021 888 075 373 249 921 995 672 056 932 029 099 390 891 687 487 672 697 950 931 603 520 000 (≈7.13) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 1000.

10¹⁰⁰⁰ to 10^1,000,000

* ''Mathematics:'' 4713 × 2⁴⁷¹³ + 1 ≈ 2.68 is the third Cullen prime. * ''Mathematics:'' There are approximately 1.869 distinguishable permutations of the world's largest Rubik's Cube (33×33×33). * ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 05 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE 80-bit x86 extended precision floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 085 759 326 628 007 0 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE quadruple-precision floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' (10 – 10⁻³³) is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal128 floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' 10^10,000 − 1 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in Windows Phone's calculator. * ''Mathematics:'' ''F''₂₀₁₁₀₇ is a 42,029-digit Fibonacci prime; the largest known certain Fibonacci prime . * ''Mathematics:'' ''L''₂₀₂₆₆₇ is a 42,355-digit Lucas prime; the largest confirmed Lucas prime . * ''Mathematics:'' 104,824⁵ + 5^104,824 is the largest proven Leyland number, Leyland prime; with 73,269 digits . * ''Computing:'' 1.611 325 717 485 760 473 619 572 118 452 005 010 644 023 874 549 669 517 476 371 250 496 071 827 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE octuple-precision floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' approximately 7.76 × 10^206,544 cattle in the smallest herd which satisfies the conditions of Archimedes's cattle problem. * ''Mathematics:'' 2,618,163,402,417 × 2^1,290,000 − 1 is a 388,342-digit Sophie Germain prime; the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 2,996,863,034,895 × 2^1,290,000 ± 1 are 388,342-digit twin primes; the largest known .

10^1,000,000 to 10^10¹⁰⁰ (one googolplex)

* ''Mathematics:'' ''L''_5466311 is a 1,142,392-digit Lucas prime, Lucas probable prime; the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 3,267,113# – 1 is a 1,418,398-digit primorial prime; the largest known . * ''Mathematics – Literature:'' Jorge Luis Borges' Library of Babel contains at least 25^1,312,000 ≈ 1.956 × 10^1,834,097 books (this is a lower bound). * ''Mathematics:'' 10^1,888,529 − 10^944,264 – 1 is a 1,888,529-digit palindromic prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 4 × 72^1,119,849 − 1 is the smallest prime of the form 4 × 72^''n'' − 1. * ''Mathematics:'' 2^6,972,593 − 1 is a 2,098,960-digit

; the 38th Mersenne prime and the last Mersenne prime discovered in the 20th century. * ''Mathematics:'' ''F''_10367321 is a 2,166,642-digit probable Fibonacci prime; the largest known .PRP Top Records, Search for : F(n)
Retrieved 2025-03-25. * ''Mathematics:'' 422,429! + 1 is a 2,193,027-digit factorial prime; the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' (2^15,135,397 + 1)/3 is a 4,556,209-digit Wagstaff prime, Wagstaff probable prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 81 × 2^20,498,148 + 1 is a 6,170,560-digit Pierpont prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 1,963,736^1,048,576 + 1 is a 6,598,776-digit Generalized Fermat prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' (10^8,177,207 − 1)/9 is a 8,177,207-digit probable prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 10,223 × 2^31,172,165 + 1 is a 9,383,761-digit Proth prime, the largest known Proth prime and non-Mersenne prime . * ''Mathematics:'' 2^77,232,917 − 1 is a 23,249,425-digit

; the third largest known prime of any kind . * ''Mathematics:'' 2^82,589,933 − 1 is a 24,862,048-digit

; the second largest known prime of any kind . Digits in largest prime found as a function of time

* ''Mathematics:'' 2^136,279,841 − 1 is a 41,024,320-digit

; the largest known prime of any kind .Chris Caldwell
The Top Twenty: Largest Known Primes
at The Prime Pages. * ''Mathematics:'' 2^82,589,932 × (2^82,589,933 − 1) is a 49,724,095-digit

, the second largest known as of 2025. * ''Mathematics:'' 2^136,279,840 × (2^136,279,841 − 1) is an 82,048,640-digit

, the largest known as of 2025.Chris Caldwell
Mersenne Primes: History, Theorems and Lists
at The Prime Pages. * ''Mathematics – History:'' 10^8×10¹⁶, largest named number in Archimedes' ''The Sand Reckoner, Sand Reckoner''. * ''Mathematics:'' SSCG(2) = 3 × 2^{(3 × 2⁹⁵)} − 8 ≈ 3.241704 × 10. Its first and last 20 digits are 32417042291246009846...34057047399148290040. See Friedman's SSCG function. * ''Mathematics:'' 10^googol (

10^

), a googolplex. A number 1 followed by 1 googol zeros. Carl Sagan has estimated that 1 googolplex, fully written out, would not fit in the

because of its size.

Larger than 10^10¹⁰⁰

(One googolplex; 10^googol; short scale: googolplex; long scale: googolplex) * ''Go:'' There are at least 10^10¹⁰⁸ legal games of Go. See Go and mathematics#Game_tree_complexity, Game Tree Complexity. * ''Mathematics – Literature:'' The number of different ways in which the books in Jorge Luis Borges' The Library of Babel, Library of Babel can be arranged is approximately

10^

, the

of the number of books in the Library of Babel. * ''Cosmology:'' In Chaotic Inflation theory, chaotic inflation theory, proposed by physicist Andrei Linde, our universe is one of many other universes with different physical constants that originated as part of our local section of the Multiverse#Bubble theory, multiverse, owing to a vacuum that had not decayed to its ground state. According to Linde and Vanchurin, the total number of these universes is about

10^

. * ''Mathematics:''

10^

, order of magnitude of an upper bound that occurred in a Skewes' number, proof of Skewes (this was later estimated to be closer to 1.397 × 10³¹⁶). *''Cosmology:'' The estimated number of Planck time, Planck time units for quantum fluctuations and quantum tunnelling, tunnelling to generate a new Big Bang is estimated to be

10^

. * ''Mathematics:''

10^

, a number in Names of large numbers#The googol family, the googol family called a googolplexplex, googolplexian, or googolduplex. 1 followed by a googolplex zeros, or 10^googolplex *''Cosmology:'' The uppermost estimate to the size of the entire universe is approximately

10^

times that of the

. * ''Mathematics:''

10^

, order of magnitude of another upper bound in a proof of Stanley Skewes, Skewes. * ''Mathematics:'' Steinhaus' Steinhaus–Moser notation#Mega, mega lies between 10[4]257 and 10[4]258 (where ''a''[''n'']''b'' is hyperoperation). * ''Mathematics:'' ''g''₁ =

3\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 3

. See Graham's number. * ''Mathematics:'' Moser's number, "2 in a mega-gon" in Steinhaus–Moser notation, is approximately equal to 10[10[4]257]10, the last four digits are ...1056. * ''Mathematics:'' Graham's number, the last ten digits of which are ...2464195387. Arises as an upper bound solution to a problem in Ramsey theory. Representation in powers of 10 would be impractical (the number of 10s in the power tower

10^

would be virtually indistinguishable from the number itself). * ''Mathematics:'' Kruskal's tree theorem, TREE(3): appears in relation to a theorem on trees in graph theory. Representation of the number is difficult, but one weak lower bound is ''A''^{''A''(187196)}(1), where A(n) is a version of the Ackermann function. * ''Mathematics:'' Friedman's SSCG function, SSCG(3): appears in relation to the Robertson–Seymour theorem. Known to be greater than TREE(3). * ''Mathematics:'' Transcendental number, Transcendental integers: a set of numbers defined in 2000 by Harvey Friedman (mathematician), Harvey Friedman, appears in proof theory. * ''Mathematics:'' Rayo's number is a large number named after Agustín Rayo which has been claimed to be the largest number to have ever been named. It was originally defined in a "big number duel" at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT on 26 January 2007.

References

External links

* Seth Lloyd's pape
''Computational capacity of the universe''
provides a number of interesting dimensionless quantities.

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Numbers) Orders of magnitude, Numbers

Smaller than (one googolth)

10−100 to 10−30

10−30

10−27

10−24

10−21

10−18

10−15

10−12

10−9

10−6

10−3

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

103

105

106

107

108

109

1010

1011

1012

1015

1018

1021

1024

1027

1030

1033

1036

1039

1042 to 1063

1063 to 10100

10100 (one googol) to 101000

101000 to 101,000,000

101,000,000 to 1010100 (one googolplex)

Larger than 1010100

See also

References

External links

10⁻¹⁰⁰ to 10⁻³⁰

10⁻³⁰

10⁻²⁷

10⁻²⁴

10⁻²¹

10⁻¹⁸

10⁻¹⁵

10⁻¹²

10⁻⁹

10⁻⁶

10⁻³

10⁻²

10⁻¹

10⁰

10¹

10²

10³

10⁵

10⁶

10⁷

10⁸

10⁹

10¹⁰

10¹¹

10¹²

10¹⁵

10¹⁸

10²¹

10²⁴

10²⁷

10³⁰

10³³

10³⁶

10³⁹

10⁴² to 10⁶³

10⁶³ to 10¹⁰⁰

10¹⁰⁰ (one googol) to 10¹⁰⁰⁰

10¹⁰⁰⁰ to 10^1,000,000

10^1,000,000 to 10^10¹⁰⁰ (one googolplex)

Larger than 10^10¹⁰⁰