The following is a partial list of notable theoretical physicists. Arranged by century of birth, then century of death, then year of birth, then year of death, then alphabetically by surname. For explanation of symbols, see Notes at end of this article.

Ancient times Ancient history is a time period from the History of writing, beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian language, ...

Kaṇāda Kaṇāda (, ), also known as Ulūka, Kashyapa, Kaṇabhaksha, Kaṇabhuj was an ancient Indian natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy that also represents the earliest Indian physics. Es ...

(6th century BCE or 2nd century BCE) *

Thales Thales of Miletus ( ; ; ) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosophy, pre-Socratic Philosophy, philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. Thales was one of the Seven Sages of Greece, Seven Sages, founding figure ...

(c. 624 – c. 546 BCE) *

Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos (; BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of P ...

^* (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE) *

Democritus Democritus (, ; , ''Dēmókritos'', meaning "chosen of the people"; – ) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosophy, pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, Thrace, Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an ...

° (c. 460 – c. 370 BCE) *

Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...

‡ (384–322 BCE) *

Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse ( ; ) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek Greek mathematics, mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and Invention, inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse, Sicily, Syracuse in History of Greek and Hellenis ...

º* (c. 287 – c. 212 BCE) *

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; , ; ; – 160s/170s AD) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine science, Byzant ...

(c. 100 – c. 170 AD) *

Hypatia Hypatia (born 350–370 – March 415 AD) was a Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt (Roman province), Egypt: at that time a major city of the Eastern Roman Empire. In Alexandria, Hypatia was ...

^ªº (c. 350–370; died 415 AD)

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

* Al Farabi (c.872–c.950) *

Ibn al-Haytham Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinization of names, Latinized as Alhazen; ; full name ; ) was a medieval Mathematics in medieval Islam, mathematician, Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world, astronomer, and Physics in the medieval Islamic world, p ...

(c.965–c.1040) * Al Beruni (c.973–c.1048) *

Omar Khayyám Ghiyāth al-Dīn Abū al-Fatḥ ʿUmar ibn Ibrāhīm Nīshābūrī (18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) ( Persian: غیاث الدین ابوالفتح عمر بن ابراهیم خیام نیشابورﻯ), commonly known as Omar Khayyam (), was ...

(c.1048–c.1131) * Bhaskara II (c.1114–c.1185) * Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Urdi (c.1200–c.1266) * Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201–1274) *

Jean Buridan Jean Buridan (; ; Latin: ''Johannes Buridanus''; – ) was an influential 14thcentury French scholastic philosopher. Buridan taught in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris for his entire career and focused in particular on logic and ...

(1301–c.1359/62) *

Nicole Oresme Nicole Oresme (; ; 1 January 1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages. He wrote influential works on economics, mathematics, physics, astrology, ...

(c.1320/1325–1382) * Jamshid al-Kashi (1380–1429) * Sigismondo Polcastro (1384–1473) *

Ulugh Beg Mīrzā Muhammad Tarāghāy bin Shāhrukh (; ), better known as Ulugh Beg (; 22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449), was a Timurid sultan, as well as an astronomer and mathematician. Ulugh Beg was notable for his work in astronomy-related ma ...

(1394–1449)

15th–16th century

* Giovanni Bianchini (1410–1469) *

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested o ...

(1452–1519) *

Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a mathematical model, model of Celestial spheres#Renaissance, the universe that placed heliocentrism, the Sun rather than Earth at its cen ...

º (1473–1543)

16th century and 16th–17th centuries

Gerolamo Cardano Gerolamo Cardano (; also Girolamo or Geronimo; ; ; 24 September 1501– 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, as ...

(1501–1576) *

Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe ( ; ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe, ; 14 December 154624 October 1601), generally called Tycho for short, was a Danish astronomer of the Renaissance, known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations. He ...

(1546–1601) *

Giordano Bruno Giordano Bruno ( , ; ; born Filippo Bruno; January or February 1548 – 17 February 1600) was an Italian philosopher, poet, alchemist, astrologer, cosmological theorist, and esotericist. He is known for his cosmological theories, which concep ...

(1548–1600) *

Galileo Galilei Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei ( , , ) or mononymously as Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a poly ...

º* (1564–1642) *

Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, Natural philosophy, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best know ...

º (1571–1630) *

Benedetto Castelli Benedetto Castelli (1578 – 9 April 1643), born Antonio Castelli, was an Italians, Italian mathematician. Benedetto was his name in religion on entering the Benedictine Order in 1595. Life Born in Brescia, Castelli studied at the University of ...

(1578–1643) *

René Descartes René Descartes ( , ; ; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and Modern science, science. Mathematics was paramou ...

‡^ (1596–1650) *

Bonaventura Cavalieri Bonaventura Francesco Cavalieri (; 1598 – 30 November 1647) was an Italian mathematician and a Jesuati, Jesuate. He is known for his work on the problems of optics and motion (physics), motion, work on indivisibles, the precursors of infin ...

(1598–1647)

17th century

Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (; ; 17 August 1601 – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his d ...

(1607–1665) *

Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli ( ; ; 15 October 160825 October 1647) was an Italian people, Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Benedetto Castelli. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances i ...

(1608–1647) * Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679) * Jeremiah Horrocks (1618–1641) *

Francesco Maria Grimaldi Francesco Maria Grimaldi (2 April 1618 – 28 December 1663) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician and physicist who taught at the Jesuit college in Bologna. He was born in Bologna to Paride Grimaldi and Anna Cattani. Work Between 164 ...

(1618–1663) * Jacques Rohault (1618–1672) *

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest ...

^ (1623–1662) * Erhard Weigel (1625–1699) *

Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens, Halen, Lord of Zeelhem, ( , ; ; also spelled Huyghens; ; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor who is regarded as a key figure in the Scientific Revolution ...

^ (1629–1695) * Ignace-Gaston Pardies (1636–1673)

17th–18th centuries

Vincenzo Viviani Vincenzo Viviani (April 5, 1622 – September 22, 1703) was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was a pupil of Torricelli and Galileo.Christopher Wren Sir Christopher Wren FRS (; – ) was an English architect, astronomer, mathematician and physicist who was one of the most highly acclaimed architects in the history of England. Known for his work in the English Baroque style, he was ac ...

(1632–1723) *

Robert Hooke Robert Hooke (; 18 July 16353 March 1703) was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist, and architect. He is credited as one of the first scientists to investigate living ...

(1635–1703) *

Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed ...

^*º (1642–1727) *

Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Isaac Newton, Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in ad ...

^ (1646–1716) *

John Flamsteed John Flamsteed (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal. His main achievements were the preparation of a 3,000-star catalogue, ''Catalogus Britannicus'', and a star atlas called '' Atlas ...

(1646–1719) * Edmond Pourchot (1651–1734) *

Jacob Bernoulli Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James in English or Jacques in French; – 16 August 1705) was a Swiss mathematician. He sided with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy and was an early proponent of Leibniz ...

(1655–1705) *

Edmond Halley Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720. From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, Hal ...

(1656–1742) * Luigi Guido Grandi (1671–1742) *

Jakob Hermann Jakob Hermann (16 July 1678 – 11 July 1733) was a mathematician who worked on problems in classical mechanics. He is the author of ''Phoronomia'', an early treatise on mechanics in Latin, which has been translated by Ian Bruce in 2015-16. In 172 ...

(1678–1733) * Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (1678–1771) * Nicolaus II Bernoulli (1695–1726) *

Pierre Louis Maupertuis Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (; ; 1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the director of the Académie des Sciences and the first president of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the ...

(1698–1759) *

Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli ( ; ; – 27 March 1782) was a Swiss people, Swiss-France, French mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from Basel. He is particularly remembered for his applicati ...

(1700–1782)

18th century

Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss polymath who was active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician, geographer, and engineer. He founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made influential ...

^ (1707–1783) * Vincenzo Riccati (1707–1785) *

Mikhail Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; , ; – ) was a Russian polymath, scientist and writer, who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. Among his discoveries were the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of ...

(1711–1765) * Laura Bassiª* (1711–1778) * Roger Joseph Boscovich (1711–1787) * Johann Samuel König (1712–1757) *

Alexis Clairaut Alexis Claude Clairaut (; ; 13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist. He was a prominent Newtonian whose work helped to establish the validity of the principles and results that Isaac Newton, Sir Isaa ...

(1713–1765) *

Jean le Rond d'Alembert Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert ( ; ; 16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was, together with Denis Diderot, a co-editor of the ''Encyclopé ...

(1717–1783)

18th–19th centuries

Franz Aepinus Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (13 December 172410 August 1802) was a German mathematician, scientist, and natural philosopher residing in the Russian Empire. Aepinus is best known for his researches, theoretical and experimental, in electricity and ...

(1724–1802) *

Henry Cavendish Henry Cavendish ( ; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable a ...

(1731–1810) * Charles Coulomb (1736–1806) *

Joseph Lagrange Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi LagrangiaPierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French polymath, a scholar whose work has been instrumental in the fields of physics, astronomy, mathematics, engineering, statistics, and philosophy. He summariz ...

(1749–1827) * Jurij Vega (1754–1802) *

John Dalton John Dalton (; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry. He also researched Color blindness, colour blindness; as a result, the umbrella term ...

^ (1766–1844) *

Joseph Fourier Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (; ; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre, Burgundy and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier analys ...

^ (1768–1830) * Thomas Young‡* (1773–1829) *

Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (; ; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French people, French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, ma ...

(1774–1862) * Étienne-Louis Malus (1775–1812) *

André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as ''electrodynamics''. He is also the inventor of ...

(1775–1836) * Sophie Germain (1776–1831) *

Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (; ; ; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist, who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science. He was director of the Göttingen Observatory and ...

^ (1777–1855) *

Louis Poinsot Louis Poinsot (; 3 January 1777 – 5 December 1859) was a French mathematician and physicist. Poinsot was the inventor of geometrical mechanics, showing how a system of forces acting on a rigid body could be resolved into a single force and a ...

(1777–1859) *

Siméon Denis Poisson Baron Siméon Denis Poisson (, ; ; 21 June 1781 – 25 April 1840) was a French mathematician and physicist who worked on statistics, complex analysis, partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, analytical mechanics, electricity ...

(1781–1840) * Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (1781–1864) *

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by the method ...

(1784–1846) * Claude-Louis Navier (1785–1836) *

François Arago Dominique François Jean Arago (), known simply as François Arago (; Catalan: , ; 26 February 17862 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of the Carbonari revolutionaries and politician. Early l ...

(1786–1853) *

Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Isaac Newton, Newton's c ...

(1788–1827) *

Georg Ohm Georg Simon Ohm (; ; 16 March 1789 – 6 July 1854) was a German mathematician and physicist. As a school teacher, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his o ...

(1789–1854) *

Augustin-Louis Cauchy Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy ( , , ; ; 21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist. He was one of the first to rigorously state and prove the key theorems of calculus (thereby creating real a ...

(1789–1857) *

Félix Savart Félix Savart (; ; 30 June 1791, Mézières – 16 March 1841, Paris) was a French physicist and mathematician who is primarily known for the Biot–Savart law of electromagnetism, which he discovered together with his colleague Jean-Baptist ...

(1791–1841) * Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti (1791–1863) *

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (; 21 May 1792 – 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference, le ...

(1792–1843) * George Green^ (1793–1841) *

Michel Chasles Michel Floréal Chasles (; 15 November 1793 – 18 December 1880) was a French mathematician. Biography He was born at Épernon in France and studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris under Siméon Denis Poisson. In the War of the Sixth Coal ...

(1793–1880) * Gabrio Piola (1794–1850) *

Gabriel Lamé Gabriel Lamé (22 July 1795 – 1 May 1870) was a French mathematician who contributed to the theory of partial differential equations by the use of curvilinear coordinates, and the mathematical theory of elasticity (for which linear elasticity ...

(1795–1870) *

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (; 1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French people, French military engineering, military engineer and physicist. A graduate of the École polytechnique, Carnot served as an officer in the Engineering Arm (''le ...

(1796–1832) * Nikolai Brashman (1796–1866) * Andreas von Ettingshausen (1796–1878) *

Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (22 April 1797 – 26 December 1869) was a French physicist and physiologist. Life Poiseuille was born and died in Paris. From 1815 to 1816, he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris, where He was trained in ...

(1797–1869) * Jean-Marie Duhamel (1797–1872) * Franz Ernst Neumann (1798–1895) * Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron (1799–1864)

19th century

* Mikhail Ostrogradsky (1801–1862) * Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804–1851) * Viktor Bunyakovsky (1804–1889) * William Hamilton^º (1805–1865) *

Samuel Earnshaw Samuel Earnshaw (1 February 1805, Sheffield, Yorkshire – 6 December 1888, Sheffield, Yorkshire) was an English clergyman and mathematician and physicist, noted for his contributions to theoretical physics, especially for proving Earnshaw' ...

(1805–1888) * Julius Weisbach (1806–1871) * Athanase Dupré (1808–1869) *

Joseph Liouville Joseph Liouville ( ; ; 24 March 1809 – 8 September 1882) was a French mathematician and engineer. Life and work He was born in Saint-Omer in France on 24 March 1809. His parents were Claude-Joseph Liouville (an army officer) and Thérès ...

(1809–1882) * Auguste Bravais (1811–1863) * Osip Ivanovich Somov (1815–1876) * Charles-Eugène Delaunay (1816–1872) * Jonathan Homer Lane (1819–1880) *

William John Macquorn Rankine William John Macquorn Rankine (; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularl ...

(1820–1872) *

Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev ( rus, Пафну́тий Льво́вич Чебышёв, p=pɐfˈnutʲɪj ˈlʲvovʲɪtɕ tɕɪbɨˈʂof) ( – ) was a Russian mathematician and considered to be the founding father of Russian mathematics. Chebysh ...

(1821–1894) *

Hermann von Helmholtz Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (; ; 31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894; "von" since 1883) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability. The ...

‡† (1821–1894) *

Johann Josef Loschmidt Johann Josef Loschmidt (15 March 1821 – 8 July 1895), better known as Josef Loschmidt, was an Austrian scientist who performed ground-breaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics), and crystal forms. Born in Karl ...

(1821–1895) * August Krönig (1822–1879) *

Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (; 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle ...

(1822–1888) * August Davidov (1823–1885) *

Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German chemist, mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy and the emission of black-body ...

(1824–1887) *

Bernhard Riemann Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (; ; 17September 182620July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the f ...

(1826–1866) *

Ludvig Lorenz Ludvig Valentin Lorenz ( ; 18 January 1829 – 9 June 1891) was a Danish physicist and mathematician. In 1867, he gave completely general integral solutions to the differential equations of electromagnetism, which contain retardation effects re ...

(1829–1891) *

James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism an ...

(1831–1879) * Johann Bauschinger (1834–1893) *

Josef Stefan Josef Stefan (; 24 March 1835 – 7 January 1893) was a Carinthian Slovene physicist, mathematician, and poet of the Austrian Empire. Life and work Stefan was born in the village of St. Peter (Slovene: ) on the outskirts of Klagenfurt) to A ...

(1835–1893) * Eugen von Lommel (1837–1899) * Carlo Alberto Castigliano (1847–1884) * Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891) *

Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born in Allenjoie, Doubs, France on 5 June 1851; died in Nantes, France in February 1887) was an inventor, mathematician, and physicist who worked on fluid mechanics, especially on issues related to material shock. He mostly ...

(1851–1887) *

Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. Biography Heinri ...

* (1857–1894)

19th–20th centuries

* Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet (1819–1903) *

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (26 June 182417 December 1907), was a British mathematician, Mathematical physics, mathematical physicist and engineer. Born in Belfast, he was the Professor of Natural Philosophy (Glasgow), professor of Natur ...

* (1824–1907) * Rodolphe Radau (1835–1911) * Christian Otto Mohr (1835–1918) *

Johannes Diderik van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals (; 23 November 1837 – 8 March 1923) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1910 "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids". Van der Waals started his car ...

(1837–1923) * Thorvald N. Thiele (1838–1910) *

George William Hill George William Hill (March 3, 1838 – April 16, 1914) was an American astronomer and mathematician. Working independently and largely in isolation from the wider scientific community, he made major contributions to celestial mechanics and t ...

(1838–1914) *

Ernst Mach Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach ( ; ; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, who contributed to the understanding of the physics of shock waves. The ratio of the speed of a flow or object to that of ...

(1838–1916) * Viktor von Lang (1838–1921) * J. Willard Gibbs†^ (1839–1903) *

Ernst Abbe Ernst Karl Abbe (23 January 1840 – 14 January 1905) was a German businessman, optical engineer, physicist, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he developed numerous optical instruments. He was also a co-owner of Ca ...

(1840–1905) *

Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born British innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser ...

(1842–1912) * (1842–1914) *

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh ( ; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919), was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery ...

(1842–1919) *

Joseph Valentin Boussinesq Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. Biography From 1872 to 1886, he was appoin ...

(1842–1929) *

Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann ( ; ; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian mathematician and Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics and the statistical ex ...

(1844–1906) * Nikolay Umov (1846–1915) *

Mór Réthy Mór Réthy (or Moritz Réthy) (1846–1925) was a Hungarian mathematician. Life and work Réthy attended the Technical Universities of Vienna and Budapest; he graduated in Budapest in 1870. After two years teaching in the Modern Technical Sch ...

(1846–1925) * Nikolay Zhukovsky (1847–1921) * Diederik Korteweg (1848–1941) * Horace Lamb (1849–1934) *

Woldemar Voigt Woldemar Voigt (; 2 September 1850 – 13 December 1919) was a German mathematician and physicist. Biography Voigt was born in Leipzig, and died in Göttingen. He was a student of Franz Ernst Neumann. Voigt taught at the Georg August Universi ...

(1850–1919) *

Oliver Heaviside Oliver Heaviside ( ; 18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was an English mathematician and physicist who invented a new technique for solving differential equations (equivalent to the Laplace transform), independently developed vector calculus, an ...

(1850–1925) *

Jacobus Kapteyn Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (19 January 1851 – 18 June 1922) was a Dutch astronomy, astronomer. He carried out extensive studies of the Milky Way. He found that the apparent movement of stars was not randomly distributed but had two preferentia ...

(1851–1922) *

Arthur Schuster Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster (12 September 1851 – 14 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics. S ...

(1851–1934) *

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr. (; 30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemistry, physical chemist. A highly influential theoretical chemistry, theoretical chemist of his time, Van 't Hoff was the first winner of the Nobe ...

(1852–1911) *

John Henry Poynting John Henry Poynting Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (9 September 185230 March 1914) was an English physicist. He was the first professor of physics at Mason Science College from 1880 to 1900, and then the successor institution, the University ...

(1852–1914) * Orest Khvolson (1852–1934) *

Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz ( ; ; 18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for their discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He derive ...

(1853–1928) *

Henri Poincaré Jules Henri Poincaré (, ; ; 29 April 185417 July 1912) was a French mathematician, Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosophy of science, philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathemati ...

(1854–1912) *

Alfred Barnard Basset Alfred Barnard Basset FRS (25 July 1854 – 5 December 1930) was a British mathematician working on algebraic geometry, electrodynamics and hydrodynamics. In fluid dynamics, the Basset force—also known as the Boussinesq–Basset force—descr ...

(1854–1930) * Emil Cohn (1854–1944) *

Marcel Brillouin Louis Marcel Brillouin (; 19 December 1854 – 16 June 1948) was a French physicist and mathematician. He carried research in many realms of physics, including fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, geophysics, quantum mechan ...

(1854–1948) * Max Margules (1856–1920) *

Carl Runge Carl David Tolmé Runge (; 30 August 1856 – 3 January 1927) was a German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist. He was co-developer and co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method (), in the field of what is today known as numerical analysi ...

(1856–1927) * Anatole Leduc (1856–1937) * Aleksandr Lyapunov (1857–1918) *

Samuel Oppenheim Samuel Oppenheim (19 November 1857 in Braunsberg – 15 August 1928 in Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer. In 1875, Oppenheim began to study mathematics, physics and astronomy in Vienna. He took his Staatsexamen in 1880. From 1881–1887, he wo ...

(1857–1928) *

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (; rus, Константин Эдуардович Циолковский, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɪdʊˈardəvʲɪtɕ tsɨɐlˈkofskʲɪj, a=Ru-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.oga; – 19 September 1935) was a Russi ...

(1857–1935) *

Joseph Larmor Sir Joseph Larmor (; 11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish mathematician and physicist who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influential work was ...

(1857–1942) *

Maurice Couette Maurice Marie Alfred Couette (9 January 1858, Tours – 18 August 1943, Angers) was a French physicist known for his studies of Viscosity#Fluidity, fluidity. Couette is best known for his contributions to rheology and the theory of fluid flow. He ...

(1858–1943) *

Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (; ; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quantum, quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck made many substantial con ...

(1858–1947) *

Svante Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius ( , ; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. In 1903, he received ...

(1859–1927) * Karl Heun (1859–1929) *

Vito Volterra Vito Volterra (, ; 3 May 1860 – 11 October 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to Mathematical and theoretical biology, mathematical biology and Integral equation, integral equations, being one of the ...

(1860–1940) *

Pierre Duhem Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (; 9 June 1861 – 14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of Elasticity (physics), elasticity. Duhem was also a prolif ...

(1861–1916) *

Emil Wiechert Emil Johann Wiechert (26 December 1861 – 19 March 1928) was a German physicist and geophysicist who made many contributions to both fields, including presenting the first verifiable model of a layered structure of the Earth and being among the ...

(1861–1928) * Robert Emden (1862–1940) * Paul Drude (1863–1906) * Arthur Gordon Webster (1863–1923) *

Augustus Edward Hough Love Augustus Edward Hough Love FRS (17 April 1863, Weston-super-Mare – 5 June 1940, Oxford), often known as A. E. H. Love, was a mathematician famous for his work on the mathematical theory of elasticity. He also worked on wave propagation and hi ...

(1863–1940) *

Hermann Minkowski Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, the University of Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, Lithuanian-German, o ...

(1864–1909) * Vladimir Steklov (1864–1926) * Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) *

Walther Nernst Walther Hermann Nernst (; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German physical chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid-state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped ...

(1864–1941) * Pierre Weiss (1865–1940) *

Pieter Zeeman Pieter Zeeman ( ; ; 25 May 1865 – 9 October 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for their discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. Childhood and youth Pieter Zeeman was ...

(1865–1943) *

Jacques Hadamard Jacques Salomon Hadamard (; 8 December 1865 – 17 October 1963) was a French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex analysis, differential geometry, and partial differential equations. Biography The son of a tea ...

(1865–1963) * Gustav de Vries (1866–1934) * Martin Kutta (1867–1944) *

Arnold Sommerfeld Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in Atomic physics, atomic and Quantum mechanics, quantum physics, and also educated and ...

(1868–1951) * Gustav Mie (1868–1957) * Sergey Chaplygin (1869–1942) * Nikolai Kasterin (1869–1947) *

Élie Cartan Élie Joseph Cartan (; 9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups, differential systems (coordinate-free geometric formulation of PDEs), and differential geometry. He ...

(1869–1951) *

Alfred-Marie Liénard Alfred-Marie Liénard (2 April 1869 in Amiens Amiens (English: or ; ; , or ) is a city and Communes of France, commune in northern France, located north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme (department), Somm ...

(1869–1958) *

Louis Bachelier Louis Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Bachelier (; 11 March 1870 – 28 April 1946) was a French mathematician at the turn of the 20th century. He is credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, as part ...

(1870–1946) *

Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both Atomic physics, atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nu ...

(1871–1937) * Émile Jouguet (1871–1943) * Boris Galerkin (1871–1945) * Martin Knudsen (1871–1949) *

Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French people, French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability. Biograp ...

(1871–1956) * Marian Smoluchowski (1872–1917) *

Paul Langevin Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the '' Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes'', an anti-fascist ...

(1872–1946) *

Ludwik Silberstein Ludwik Silberstein (May 17, 1872 – January 17, 1948) was a Polish-American physicist who helped make special relativity and general relativity staples of university coursework. His textbook '' The Theory of Relativity'' was published by Macmill ...

(1872–1948) * Théophile de Donder (1872–1957) *

Karl Schwarzschild Karl Schwarzschild (; 9 October 1873 – 11 May 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer. Schwarzschild provided the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-r ...

(1873–1916) * Alfred Robb (1873–1936) *

Tullio Levi-Civita Tullio Levi-Civita, (; ; 29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus ( tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made signifi ...

(1873–1941) *

Constantin Carathéodory Constantin Carathéodory (; 13 September 1873 – 2 February 1950) was a Greeks, Greek mathematician who spent most of his professional career in Germany. He made significant contributions to real and complex analysis, the calculus of variations, ...

(1873–1950) * H. Stanley Allen (1873–1954) * E. T. Whittaker (1873–1956) * Friedrich Hasenöhrl (1874–1915) * Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874–1954) * Hans Reissner (1874–1967) * Max Abraham (1875–1922) * Louis Napoleon George Filon (1875–1937) *

Gilbert N. Lewis Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23 or October 25, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist and a dean of the college of chemistry at University of California, Berkeley. Lewis was best known for his discovery of the covalent bon ...

(1875–1946) *

Ludwig Prandtl Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German Fluid mechanics, fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlyin ...

(1875–1953) * Tatyana Ehrenfest-Afanasevaª (1876–1964) *

James Jeans Sir James Hopwood Jeans (11 September 1877 – 16 September 1946) was an English physicist, mathematician and an astronomer. He served as a secretary of the Royal Society from 1919 to 1929, and was the president of the Royal Astronomical Soci ...

° (1877–1946) * Eduard Grüneisen (1877–1949) * Georg Hamel (1877–1954) * Walther Ritz (1878–1909) * Marcel Grossmann (1878–1936) *

Lise Meitner Elise Lise Meitner ( ; ; 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish nuclear physicist who was instrumental in the discovery of nuclear fission. After completing her doctoral research in 1906, Meitner became the second woman ...

(1878–1968) * Stephen Timoshenko (1878–1972) * Leonid Mandelstam (1879–1944) * Carl Wilhelm Oseen (1879–1944) *

Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (14 March 187918 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence f ...

º (1879–1955) * Nikolay Krylov (1879–1955) *

Max von Laue Max Theodor Felix von Laue (; 9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 "for his discovery of the X-ray diffraction, diffraction of X-rays by crystals". In addition to his scientifi ...

(1879–1960) * Otto Sackur (1880–1914) *

Paul Ehrenfest Paul Ehrenfest (; 18 January 1880 – 25 September 1933) was an Austrian Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist who made major contributions to statistical mechanics and its relation to quantum physics, quantum mechanics, including the theory ...

(1880–1933) *

Leonard Ornstein Leonard Salomon Ornstein (12 November 1880 in Nijmegen, the Netherlands – 20 May 1941 in Utrecht (city), Utrecht, the Netherlands) was a Dutch physicist. Biography Ornstein studied theoretical physics with Hendrik Lorentz, Hendrik Anto ...

(1880–1941) * Nikolai Papaleksi (1880–1947) * Alfred J. Lotka (1880–1949) *

Abram Ioffe Abram Fedorovich Ioffe ( rus, Абра́м Фёдорович Ио́ффе, p=ɐˈbram ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪtɕ ɪˈofɛ; – 14 October 1960) was a prominent Soviet Union, Soviet physicist. He received the USSR State Prize, Stalin Prize (1942), the ...

(1880–1960) *

Oswald Veblen Oswald Veblen (June 24, 1880 – August 10, 1960) was an American mathematician, geometer and topologist, whose work found application in atomic physics and the theory of relativity. He proved the Jordan curve theorem in 1905; while this was lo ...

(1880–1960) *

Gunnar Nordström Gunnar Nordström (12 March 1881 – 24 December 1923) was a Finland, Finnish theoretical physicist best remembered for Nordström's theory of gravitation, his theory of gravitation, which was an early competitor of general relativity. Nordströ ...

(1881–1923) *

Jun Ishiwara Jun Ishiwara or Atsushi Ishihara (石原純; January 15, 1881 – January 19, 1947) was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for his works on the electronic theory of metals, the theory of relativity and quantum theory. Being the only Japanese ...

(1881–1947) * Walter Rogowski (1881–1947) *

Richard Tolman Richard Chace Tolman (March 4, 1881 – September 5, 1948) was an American mathematical physicist and physical chemist who made many contributions to statistical mechanics and theoretical cosmology. He was a professor at the California In ...

° (1881–1948) *

Gustav Herglotz Gustav Herglotz (2 February 1881 – 22 March 1953) was a German Bohemian physicist best known for his works on the theory of relativity and seismology. Biography Gustav Ferdinand Joseph Wenzel Herglotz was born in Volary num. 28 to a public n ...

(1881–1953) *

Irving Langmuir Irving Langmuir (; January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist, physicist, and metallurgical engineer. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry. Langmuir's most famous publicatio ...

(1881–1957) * Theodore von Kármán (1881–1963) * Erwin Madelung (1881–1972) * Ebenezer Cunningham (1881–1977) *

Emmy Noether Amalie Emmy Noether (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made many important contributions to abstract algebra. She also proved Noether's theorem, Noether's first and Noether's second theorem, second theorems, which ...

^ª (1882–1935) *

Arthur Eddington Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the lu ...

(1882–1944) * Harry Bateman (1882–1946) *

Max Born Max Born (; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German-British theoretical physicist who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics, and supervised the work of a ...

(1882–1970) *

Richard von Mises Richard Martin Edler von Mises (; 19 April 1883 – 14 July 1953) was an Austrian scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory. He held the position of ...

(1883–1953) * Paul Sophus Epstein (1883–1966) *

Ludwig Hopf Ludwig Hopf (23 October 1884 in Nürnberg, Germany – 23 December 1939 in Dublin) was a German-Jewish theoretical physicist who made contributions to mathematics, special relativity, hydrodynamics, and aerodynamics. Early in his career he wa ...

(1884–1939) *

Arthur Erich Haas Arthur Erich Haas (April 30, 1884, in Brno – February 20, 1941, in Chicago) was an Austrian physicist, noted for a 1910 paper he submitted in support of his habilitation as '' Privatdocent'' at the University of Vienna that outlined a treat ...

(1884–1941) *

George David Birkhoff George David Birkhoff (March21, 1884November12, 1944) was one of the top American mathematicians of his generation. He made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations, dynamical systems, the four-color problem, the three-body ...

(1884–1944) * David Enskog (1884–1947) *

Peter Debye Peter Joseph William Debye ( ; born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije, ; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. Biography Early life Born in Maastricht, Neth ...

(1884–1966) *

Philipp Frank Philipp Frank (; March 20, 1884 – July 21, 1966) was an Austrian-American physicist, mathematician and philosopher of the early-to-mid 20th century. He was a logical positivism, logical positivist, and a member of the Vienna Circle. He was infl ...

(1884–1966) * Vsevolod Frederiks (1885–1944) * Naum Idelson (1885–1951) * Theodor Kaluza (1885–1954) *

Hermann Weyl Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl (; ; 9 November 1885 – 8 December 1955) was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist, logician and philosopher. Although much of his working life was spent in Zürich, Switzerland, and then Princeton, New Jersey, ...

(1885–1955) *

Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (, ; ; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and old quantum theory, quantum theory, for which he received the No ...

(1885–1962) * Victor Robertovich Bursian (1886–1945) * Rudolf Seeliger (1886–1965) * Friedrich Kottler (1886–1965) * Paul Lévy (1886–1971) * Geoffrey Taylor (1886–1975) * Walter H. Schottky (1886–1976) * Richard Becker (1887–1955) *

Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger ( ; ; 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or , was an Austrian-Irish theoretical physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum field theory, quantum theory. In particul ...

(1887–1961) * Charles Galton Darwin (1887–1962) *

Adriaan Fokker Adriaan Daniël Fokker (; 17 August 1887 – 24 September 1972) was a Dutch physicist. He worked in the fields of special relativity and statistical mechanics. He was the inventor of the Fokker organ, a 31 equal temperament, 31-tone equal-temp ...

(1887–1972) * Erich Kretschmann (1887–1973) *

Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen (July 3, 1887 – February 26, 1974) was a Dutch physicist known for her early contributions to the theory of magnetism. She studied at Leiden University under the guidance of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, obtaining her do ...

(1887–1974) *

Waloddi Weibull Ernst Hjalmar Waloddi Weibull (18 June 1887 – 12 October 1979) was a Swedish civil engineer, Materials science, materials scientist, and Mathematician#Applied mathematics, applied mathematician. The Weibull distribution is named after him. Edu ...

(1887–1979) *

Alexander Weinstein Alexander Weinstein (21 January 1897 – 6 November 1979) was a mathematician who worked on boundary value problems in fluid dynamics. Early life, family and personal life Weinstein was born to Judel Jejb Weinstein and Praskovya Levkovich, hi ...

(1887–1979) * Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff (1897–1994) * Alexander Friedmann (1888–1925) * Walther Kossel (1888–1956) * Viktor Trkal (1888–1956) * Wilhelm Lenz (1888–1957) * Georges Darmois (1888–1960) * Antonio Signorini (1888–1963) *

Frits Zernike Frits Zernike (; 16 July 1888 – 10 March 1966) was a Dutch physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope. Early life and education Frederick "Frits" Zernike was born on 16 July ...

(1888–1966) * Sydney Chapman (1888–1970) * Joseph Proudman (1888–1975) * Alfred Landé (1888–1976) * Hans Thirring (1888–1976) * Paul Peter Ewald (1888–1985) *

Ralph H. Fowler Sir Ralph Howard Fowler (17 January 1889 – 28 July 1944) was an English physicist, physical chemist, and astronomer. Education Ralph H. Fowler was born at Roydon, Essex, Roydon, Essex, on 17 January 1889 to Howard Fowler, from Burnham-on-Sea, ...

(1889–1944) * Léon Brillouin (1889–1969) * Wojciech Rubinowicz (1889–1974) * Harry Nyquist (1889–1976) * Edwin C. Kemble (1889–1984) * Yoshio Nishina (1890–1951) * Yurii Aleksandrovich Krutkov (1890–1952) * Josef Lense (1890–1985) * Arthur March (1891–1957) * George Barker Jeffery (1891–1957) *

Michael Polanyi Michael Polanyi ( ; ; 11 March 1891 – 22 February 1976) was a Hungarian-British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. He argued that positivism is a false account of knowle ...

(1891–1976) * Nikoloz Muskhelishvili (1891–1976) * Philippe Le Corbeiller (1891–1980) *

Harold Jeffreys Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British geophysicist who made significant contributions to mathematics and statistics. His book, ''Theory of Probability'', which was first published in 1939, played an importan ...

(1891–1989) * Arthur Holly Compton (1892–1962) * Karl Herzfeld (1892–1978) *

Louis de Broglie Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie (15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987) was a French theoretical physicist and aristocrat known for his contributions to quantum theory. In his 1924 PhD thesis, he postulated the wave nature of elec ...

(1892–1987) * Walter Gordon (1893–1939) *

Meghnad Saha Meghnad Saha (6 October 1893 – 16 February 1956) was an Indian astrophysicist and politician who helped devise the theory of Thermal ionization, thermal ionisation. His Saha ionization equation, Saha ionisation equation allowed astronomers to ...

(1893–1956) * Erwin Fues (1893–1970) * Cornelius Lanczos (1893–1974) * Francis Murnaghan (1893–1976) * Adolf Kratzer (1893–1983) * Yakov Frenkel (1894–1952) *

Hans Kramers Hendrik Anthony "Hans" Kramers (17 December 1894 – 24 April 1952) was a Dutch physicist who worked with Niels Bohr to understand how electromagnetic waves interact with matter and made important contributions to quantum mechanics and statistica ...

(1894–1952) * Pyotr Lukirsky (1894–1954) * John Lennard-Jones (1894–1954) * Aleksandr Khinchin (1894–1959) *

Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener late ...

(1894–1964) * Georges Lemaître (1894–1966) *

Satyendra Nath Bose Satyendra Nath Bose (; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statist ...

(1894–1974) *

Oskar Klein Oskar Benjamin Klein (; 15 September 1894 – 5 February 1977) was a Swedish theoretical physics, theoretical physicist. Oskar Klein is known for his work on Kaluza–Klein theory, which is partially named after him. Biography Klein was born ...

(1894–1977) * Étienne Biéler (1895–1929) * Hugo Tetrode (1895–1931) * Pyotr Savvich Tartakovsky (1895–1940) * (1895–1951) * Karel Niessen (1895–1967) *

Igor Tamm Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm (; 8 July 1895 – 12 April 1971) was a Soviet Union, Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Ilya Mikhailovich Frank, for their 1934 discovery and demon ...

(1895–1971) * Hans Falkenhagen (1895–1971) * Vasily Vladimirovich Shuleikin (1895–1979) * Jan Burgers (1895–1981) * Aldo Pontremoli (1896–1928) * William Reginald Dean (1896–1973) * Boris Podolsky (1896–1966) * Erich Hückel (1896–1980) * Robert S. Mulliken (1896–1986) * Nikolay Semyonov (1896–1986) * Friedrich Hund (1896–1997) * Myron Mathisson (1897–1940) * Douglas Hartree (1897–1958) * Lewi Tonks (1897–1971) * Ivan Stranski (1897–1979) * John Lighton Synge (1897–1995) * Ali Moustafa Mosharafa (1898–1950) * Ronald Wilfred Gurney (1898–1953) * Leó Szilárd (1898–1964) * Egil Hylleraas (1898–1965) * Leopold Infeld (1898–1968) * (1898–1974) * Vladimir Fock (1898–1974) * Gregor Wentzel (1898–1978) * Frank C. Hoyt (1898–1980) * Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988) * Ivar Waller (1898–1991) * (1899–1967) * Edmund Clifton Stoner (1899–1968) * John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1899–1980) * Gregory Breit (1899–1981) * (1899–1982) * Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim (1899–1985) * Gleb Wataghin (1899–1986) * Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina (1899–1999) * Wilhelm Cauer (1900–1945) * Fritz London (1900–1954) * Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958) * Walter Tollmien (1900–1968) * William V. Houston (1900–1968) * John C. Slater (1900–1976) * Beryl May Dent (1900–1977) * Mikhail Lavrentyev (1900–1980) * Vladimir Rojansky (1900–1981) * Robert Bruce Lindsay (1900–1985) * George Eugene Uhlenbeck (1900–1988) * (1900–1991) * Ernst Ising (1900–1998)

20th century

* Nikolai Kochin (1901–1944) * Aleksandr Andronov (1901–1952) * Enrico Fermi* (1901–1954) * Werner Karl Heisenberg, Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976) * Werner Braunbeck (1901–1977) * Carl Wagner (1901–1977) * Anatoliy Lure (1901–1980) * Karl Bechert (1901–1981) * Henry Eyring (chemist), Henry Eyring (1901–1981) * Kurt Otto Friedrichs (1901–1982) * Grete Hermann (1901–1984) * Yuri Rumer (1901–1985) * Edwin Albrecht Uehling (1901–1985) * Francis Perrin (physicist), Francis Perrin (1901–1992) * Linus Pauling (1901–1994) * William Allis (1901–1999) * (1902–1938) * Michael Sadowsky (1902–1967) * Otto Laporte (1902–1971) * Carl Eckart (1902–1973) * Edward Condon (1902–1974) * Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (1902–1978) * Pascual Jordan (1902–1980) * Paul Dirac (1902–1984) * Alfred Kastler (1902–1984) * Eugene Wigner (1902–1995) * Katharine Way (1902–1995) * Hans Hellmann (1903–1938) * John von Neumann (1903–1957) * Howard P. Robertson (1903–1961) * Lars Onsager (1903–1976) * (1903–1979) * Helmut Hönl (1903–1981) * Mikhail Leontovich (1903–1981) * Philip M. Morse (1903–1985) * Andrey Kolmogorov (1903–1987) * Guido Beck (1903–1988) * Sydney Goldstein (1903–1989) * Llewellyn Thomas (1903–1992) * Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (1903–1996) * Bertha Swirles (1903–1999) * Meredith Gwynne Evans (1904–1952) * Robert Oppenheimer* (1904–1967) * George Gamow‡° (1904–1968) * (1904–1970) * Léon Rosenfeld (1904–1974) * Otto Robert Frisch (1904–1979) * Christian Møller (1904–1980) * Walter Heitler (1904–1981) * Joseph Edward Mayer (1904–1983) * Torsten Gustafson (1904–1987) * (1904–1990) * Walter M. Elsasser (1904–1991) * Dmitri Ivanenko (1904–1994) * Ralph Kronig (1904–1995) * Yulii Khariton (1904–1996) * Louis Néel (1904–2000) * George Placzek (1905–1955) * Felix Bloch (1905–1983) * Ernst Stueckelberg (1905–1984) * Herbert Fröhlich (1905–1991) * Clarence Zener (1905–1993) * Nevill Francis Mott (1905–1996) * (1905–1996) * Matvei Petrovich Bronstein, Matvei Bronstein (1906–1938) * Ettore Majorana (1906–1938) * Maria Goeppert-Mayerª (1906–1972) * Eugene Feenberg (1906–1977) * (1906–1977) * Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (1906–1979) * William Houlder Zachariasen (1906–1979) * Fritz Sauter (1906–1983) * Louis Rosenhead (1906–1984) * Banesh Hoffmann (1906–1986) * (1906–1987) * Alan Herries Wilson (1906–1995) * John Gamble Kirkwood (1907–1959) * J. Hans D. Jensen (1907–1973) * Dmitry Blokhintsev (1907–1979) * Hermann Arthur Jahn (1907–1979) * Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981) * Herbert Jehle (1907–1983) * Wendell H. Furry (1907–1984) * Rudolf Peierls (1907–1995) * Achilles Papapetrou (1907–1997) * George Rankine Irwin (1907–1998) * William Rarita (1907–1999) * Leonid I. Sedov (1907–1999) * Wu Ta-You (1907–2000) * (1908–1938) * Jacques Solomon (1908–1942) * Arie Bijl (1908–1945) * Felix Gantmacher (1908–1964) * Lev Landau (1908–1968) * Alexander Stepanov (physicist), Alexander Stepanov (1908–1972) * Anatoly Vlasov (1908–1975) * Lyubomir Krastanov (1908–1977) * Harrie Massey (1908–1983) * Moses Blackman (1908–1983) * Șerban Țițeica (1908–1985) * Valentine Bargmann (1908–1989) * Ilya Frank (1908–1990) * Solomon Mikhlin (1908–1990) * John Bardeen (1908–1991) * Milton S. Plesset (1908–1991) * (1908–1993) * Moisey Markov (1908–1994) * Josef Meixner (1908–1994) * Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) * Viktor Ambartsumian (1908–1996) * (1908–1996) * Sergei Mikhailovich Rytov (1908–1996) * Sergey Khristianovich (1908–2000) * (1908–2000) * Hans Heinrich Euler, Hans Euler (1909–1941) * Homi J. Bhabha (1909–1966) * Stanislaw Ulam (1909–1984) * Friedrich Bopp (1909–1987) * William Penney, Baron Penney (1909–1991) * Nikolay Bogolyubov (1909–1992) * Gian Carlo Wick (1909–1992) * Nathan Rosen (1909–1995) * Richard Duffin (1909–1996) * (1909–1997) * Robert Serber (1909–1997) * Hendrik Casimir (1909–2000) * David A. Frank-Kamenetskii (1910–1970) * Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov (1910–1972) * Charles Coulson (1910–1974) * Theodor Förster (1910–1974) * Tjalling Koopmans (1910–1985) * Arseny Sokolov (1910–1986) * Anatoly Dorodnitsyn (1910–1994) * Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995) * (1910–1998) * José Enrique Moyal (1910–1998) * Sergei Vonsovsky (1910–1998) * Shoichi Sakata (1911–1970) * Arnold Nordsieck (1911–1971) * ª (1911–1977) * Mstislav Keldysh (1911–1978) * Carlo Cattaneo (mathematician), Carlo Cattaneo (1911–1979) * Gregory Hugh Wannier (1911–1983) * Klaus Fuchs (1911–1988) * Arkady Migdal (1911–1991) * Paul Weiss (mathematician), Paul Weiss (1911–1991) * Walter Franz (1911–1992) * Richard Buckingham (1911–1994) * William Alfred Fowler (1911–1995) * Raymond Lyttleton (1911–1995) * Menahem Max Schiffer (1911–1997) * Nicholas Kemmer (1911–1998) * Abraham H. Taub (1911–1998) * Aleksander Akhiezer (1911–2000) * R. E. Siday (1912–1956) * Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat (1912–1980) * Heinrich Welker (1912–1981) * (1912–1990) * Konrad Bleuler (1912–1992) * Mikhail Volkenshtein (1912–1992) * Alexander Davydov (physicist), Alexander Davydov (1912–1993) * Siegfried Flügge (1912–1997) * Martin Schwarzschild (1912–1997) * Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Aleksandrov (1912–1999) * Sidney Dancoff (1913–1951) * Hartland Snyder (1913–1962) * Isaak Pomeranchuk (1913–1966) * (1913–1977) * Ludwig Waldmann (1913–1980) * (1913–1987) * Frederik Belinfante (1913–1991) * Bruno Pontecorvo (1913–1993) * Józef Lubański (1914–1946) * Alexander Kompaneyets (1914–1974) * Josef-Maria Jauch (1914–1974) * Henry Primakoff (1914–1983) * Mark Kac (1914–1984) * Yakov Zeldovich (1914–1987) * Bernard Lippmann (1914–1988) * Mário Schenberg (1914–1990) * Lyman Spitzer (1914–1997) * George Michael Volkoff (1914–2000) * Robert R. Wilson (1914–2000) * Leonard I. Schiff (1915–1971) * Ely Eugene Bell (1915–1973) * (1915–1977) * Theodore Holstein (1915–1985) * Evgeny Lifshitz (1915–1985) * Sudhansu Datta Majumdar (1915–1997) * Leonid Biberman (1915–1998) * Oleg Firsov (1915–1998) * André Lichnerowicz (1915–1998) * Nicholas Metropolis (1915–1999) * John D. Eshelby (1916–1981) * Elliott Waters Montroll (1916–1983) * Iosif Shklovsky (1916–1985) * (1916–1989) * Winston H. Bostick (1916–1991) * Robert Marshak (1916–1992) * Kirill Tolpygo (1916–1994) * Robert Dicke (1916–1997) * Hu Ning (1916–1997) * Robert G. Sachs (1916–1999) * (1916–1999) * Per-Olov Löwdin (1916–2000) * John Alexander Simpson (1916–2000) * Theodore H. Berlin (1917–1962) * Imre Fényes (1917–1977) * Ilya Lifshitz (1917–1982) * Yevgeny Zababakhin (1917–1984) * Solomon Isaakovich Pekar, Solomon Pekar (1917–1985) * James Rainwater (1917–1986) * Veniamin Levich (1917–1987) * Eli Sternberg (1917–1988) * (1917–1990) * David Bohm (1917–1992) * (1917–1992) * Dmitry Zubarev (1917–1992) * Herman Feshbach (1917–2000) * Richard Feynman (1918–1988) * Res Jost (1918–1990) * Henry Hurwitz Jr. (1918–1992) * Harold Hopkins (physicist), Harold Hopkins (1918–1994) * Kirill Gurov (1918–1994) * Julian Schwinger (1918–1994) * Max Dresden (1918–1997) * Irving Segal (1918–1998) * James Hamilton (physicist), James Hamilton (1918–2000) * Abraham Pais (1918–2000) * Paul Taunton Matthews (1919–1987) * Herbert Callen (1919–1993) * Pieter Maarten de Wolff (1919–1998) * Clifford Truesdell (1919–2000) * Ian Sneddon (1919–2000) * Julius Ashkin (1920–1982) * (1920–1987) * Ryogo Kubo (1920–1995) * Gerhart Lüders (1920–1995) * Herbert S. Green (1920–1999) * George Batchelor (1920–2000) * Lev Pavlovich Rapoport, Lev Rapoport (1920–2000) * Sergei Tyablikov (1921–1968) * Sigurd Zienau (1921–1976) * Alfred Schild (1921–1977) * Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989) * John M. Blatt (1921–1990) * Feza Gürsey (1921–1992) * Eduardo R. Caianiello (1921–1993) * (1921–1993) * Igor Ternov (1921–1996) * Melville S. Green (1922–1979) * Ernst G. Straus (1922–1983) * (1922–1988) * (1922–1991) * Yuri Golfand (1922–1994) * Lawrence Biedenharn (1922–1996) * Keith Burton (1922–1996) * Jens Lindhard (1922–1997) * Edwin Thompson Jaynes (1922–1998) * Claude Bloch (1923–1971) * Ernest Helmut Sondheimer (1923–1973) * Kurt Symanzik (1923–1983) * Harold Grad (1923–1986) * Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger (1923–1997) * Gregory Pikus (1923–1998) * Louis Michel (physicist), Louis Michel (1923–1999) * (1924–1981) * Léon Van Hove (1924–1990) * Gregory Garibian (1924–1991) * Juan José Giambiagi (1924–1996) * Harry Lehmann (1924–1998) * Efim Fradkin (1924–1999) * John Clive Ward (1924–2000) * (1925–1996) * Sam Treiman (1925–1999) * (1925–2000) * Gunnar Källén (1926–1968) * Rem Khokhlov (1926–1977) * Stuart Thomas Butler (1926–1982) * (1926–1986) * Eugene P. Gross (1926–1991) * Asım Orhan Barut (1926–1994) * Abdus Salam (1926–1996) * (1926–1998) * Dennis Sciama (1926–1999) * (1926–1999) * Rudolph Max Sternheimer (1926–2000) * Aneesur Rahman (1927–1987) * Yuri Yappa (1927–1998) * Rolf Landauer (1927–1999) * Robert Mills (physicist), Robert Mills (1927–1999) * John Stewart Bell (1928–1990) * Richard E. Cutkosky (1928–1993) * Gurgen Askaryan (1928–1997) * (1928–1999) * (1929–1988) * Roland Dobrushin (1929–1995) * David Klyshko (1929–2000) * (1929–2000) * Hugh Everett III, Hugh Everett (1930–1982) * Vladimir Gribov (1930–1997) * Ruslan Stratonovich (1930–1997) * Alfred Ivanovich Baz (1931–1978) * Felix Berezin (1931–1980) * John Hubbard (physicist), John Hubbard (1931–1980) * Revaz Dogonadze (1931–1985) * (1931–1986) * Luciano Fonda (1931–1998) * Kenneth Alan Johnson (1931–1999) * Fredrik Zachariasen (1931–1999) * (1932–1991) * Walter Marshall, Baron Marshall of Goring, Walter Marshall (1932–1996) * (1932–1998) * J. J. Sakurai (1933–1982) * Leopoldo Máximo Falicov (1933–1995) * Euan J. Squires (1933–1996) * S. Pancharatnam, Shivaramakrishnan Pancharatnam (1934–1969) * William Fuller Brown Jr. (1934–1983) * M. A. B. Beg (1934–1990) * Alexey Andreevich Anselm (1934–1998) * Benjamin W. Lee (1935–1977) * Vadim Berezinskii (1935–1980) * David Adler (physicist), David Adler (1935–1987) * Peter A. Carruthers (1935–1997) * Victor Popov (1937–1994) * Karl Kraus (physicist), Karl Kraus (1938–1988) * Raphael Høegh-Krohn (1938–1988) * Roger Dashen (1938–1995) * Claude Itzykson (1938–1995) * (1938–1998) * Heinz Pagels (1939–1988) * Arkady Aronov (1939–1994) * (1939–2000) * Shang-keng Ma (1940–1983) * Herbert H. Chen (1942–1987) * Dan Walls (1942–1999) * Giuliano Preparata (1942–2000) * Joël Scherk (1946–1980) * Marko V. Jaric (1952–1997) * Elizabeth Gardner (physicist), Elizabeth Gardnerª (1957–1988) * Vadim Knizhnik (1962–1987)

20th–21st century

* Hans Bethe° (1906–2005) * Melba Phillips (1907–2004) * László Tisza (1907–2009) * Victor Weisskopf (1908–2002) * Edward Teller (1908–2003) * Arthur Geoffrey Walker (1909–2001) * Werner Romberg (1909–2003) * (1911–2001) * Leslie Howarth (1911–2001) * Frederick Seitz (1911–2008) * John Archibald Wheeler, John Wheeler (1911–2008) * Ugo Fano (1912–2001) * Naum Meiman (1912–2001) * Evgenii Feinberg (1912–2005) * Markus Fierz (1912–2006) * Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912–2007) * Harald Keres (1912–2010) * Maurice Pryce (1913–2003) * Leonard Eisenbud (1913–2004) * Willis Lamb (1913–2008) * (1914–2004) * Isao Imai (physicist), Isao Imai (1914–2004) * James Stark Koehler (1914–2006) * Conyers Herring (1914–2009) * Anatole Abragam (1914–2011) * Fred Hoyle (1915–2001) * Peter Bergmann (1915–2002) * (1915–2003) * Philip Morrison (1915–2005) * P. R. Wallace (1915–2006) * Ivan Supek (1915–2007) * David Turnbull (materials scientist), David Turnbull (1915–2007) * Jan Korringa (1915–2015) * Charles H. Townes (1915–2015) * Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (1915–2017) * (1916–2006) * Frank Nabarro (1916–2006) * Vitaly Ginzburg (1916–2009) * Robert F. Christy (1916–2012) * Paolo Budinich (1916–2013) * Charles Kittel (1916–2019) * Ilya Prigogine (1917–2003) * Leonid Brekhovskikh (1917–2005) * Yurii Mitropolskiy (1917–2008) * Morikazu Toda (1917–2010) * George C. Baldwin (1917–2010) * Norman H. March (1917–2020) * Arthur Iberall (1918–2002) * David George Kendall (1918–2007) * (1918–2007) * Theodore A. Welton (1918–2010) * Clemens C. J. Roothaan (1918–2019) * Leslie Lawrance Foldy (1919–2001) * Dirk ter Haar (1919–2002) * Rolf Hagedorn (1919–2003) * Hermann Bondi (1919–2005) * Huang Kun (1919–2005) * Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky (1919–2007) * Peter Westervelt (1919–2015) * Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov, Isaak Khalatnikov (1919–2021) * Brian Pippard (1920–2008) * Kenneth Le Couteur (1920–2011) * Cyril Domb (1920–2012) * James Bruce French (1921–2002) * Felix Villars (1921–2002) * Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz (1921–2003) * Francis E. Low (1921–2007) * (1921–2007) * Akiva Yaglom (1921–2007) * Andrew M. Gleason (1921–2008) * Marcos Moshinsky (1921–2009) * Nico van Kampen (1921–2013) * Eugen Merzbacher (1921–2013) * Albert Messiah (1921–2013) * Jacques Friedel (1921–2014) * (1921–2014) * Takeo Matsubara (1921–2014) * Yoichiro Nambu (1921–2015) * Bernard d'Espagnat (1921–2015) * Harry J. Lipkin (1921–2015) * Robert Parr (1921–2017) * Kenneth M. Watson (1921–2023) * Louis Witten (born 1921) * Peter Mazur (1922–2001) * Melvin Lax (1922–2002) * William Cochran (physicist), William Cochran (1922–2003) * Behram Kurşunoğlu (1922–2003) * Norman Myles Kroll (1922–2004) * Herbert Goldstein (1922–2005) * Karen Ter-Martirosian (1922–2005) * Aage Bohr (1922–2009) * André Petermann (1922–2011) * Arthur Wightman (1922–2013) * Marvin Leonard Goldberger (1922–2014) * Rudolf Haag (1922–2016) * (1922–2017) * Cécile DeWitt-Morette (1922–2017) * Emil Wolf (1922–2018) * George B. Arfken (1922–2020) * Richard J. Eden (1922–2021) * Hans Frauenfelder (1922–2022) * Yang Chen-Ning, Chen-Ning Yang (born 1922) * Bryce DeWitt (1923–2004) * Christopher Longuet-Higgins (1923–2004) * Alladi Ramakrishnan (1923–2008) * (1923–2008) * Harold Lewis (1923–2011) * Peter A. Wolff (1923–2013) * Bruno Zumino (1923–2014) * Lincoln Wolfenstein (1923–2015) * Walter Kohn (1923–2016) * H. Pierre Noyes (1923–2016) * Ivor Robinson (physicist), Ivor Robinson (1923–2016) * (1923–2016) * Spartak Belyaev (1923–2017) * Philip Warren Anderson (1923–2020) * Freeman Dyson (1923–2020) * Rudolph Pariser (1923–2021) * Laurie Brown (physicist), Laurie Brown (1923–2019) * Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (1923–2025) * Pierre Aigrain (1924–2002) * (1924–2002) * Albert Hibbs (1924–2003) * Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (1924–2005) * Evan O'Neill Kane (physicist), Evan O'Neill Kane (1924–2006) * Edwin Ernest Salpeter (1924–2008) * (1924–2009) * Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010) * (1924–2011) * Yasushi Takahashi (1924–2013) * Keith Brueckner (1924–2014) * David Pines (1924–2018) * Geoffrey Chew (1924–2019) * Wolfgang Rindler (1924–2019) * Yuri Orlov (1924–2020) * Jerald L. Ericksen (1924–2021) * Suraj N. Gupta (1924–2021) * Nicolaas Marinus Hugenholtz (born 1924) * Burkhard Heim (1925–2001) * John Pople (1925–2004) * Ted Taylor (physicist), Ted Taylor (1925–2004) * Renfrey Potts (1925–2005) * John Ziman (1925–2005) * Richard Dalitz (1925–2006) * Martin David Kruskal (1925–2006) * Yuval Ne'eman (1925–2006) * Albert Overhauser (1925–2011) * Martin Gutzwiller (1925–2014) * Norman Rostoker (1925–2014) * John David Jackson (physicist), John David Jackson (1925–2016) * Walter Noll (1925–2017) * Roy J. Glauber (1925–2018) * George G. Hall (1925–2018) * Joshua N. Goldberg (1925–2020) * Toichiro Kinoshita (1925–2023) * Charles Enz (1925–2019) * Nándor Balázs (1926–2003) * Richard Allan Ferrell (1926–2005) * Erdal İnönü (1926–2007) * Karl Rebane (1926–2007) * Nikolai Borisovich Delone (1926–2008) * George Klaus Horton (1926–2009) * (1926–2009) * Władysław Świątecki (physicist), Władysław Świątecki (1926–2009) * (1926–2010) * Gerald E. Brown (1926–2013) * Anatoly Logunov (1926–2015) * Engelbert Schücking (1926–2015) * John Stephen Roy Chisholm (1926–2015) * Sidney Drell (1926–2016) * (1926–2019) * Jerome K. Percus (1926–2021) * (1926–2022) * Ben Roy Mottelson (1926–2022) * Tsung-Dao Lee (1926–2024) * Valentin Franke (1926–2025) * Peter Lax (1926–2025) * Kenneth W. Ford (born 1926) * (born 1926) * György Marx (1927–2002) * Eugene Irving Blount (1927–2005) * (1927–2008) * Friedrich Beck (1927–2008) * Erhard Scheibe (1927–2010) * Michel Baranger (1927–2014) * Walter Thirring (1927–2014) * Gerald B. Whitham (1927–2014) * Joseph L. Birman (1927–2016) * (1927–2017) * (1927–2017) * Elihu Abrahams (1927–2018) * Michael Woolfson (1927–2019) * (1927–2020) * Yuri Raizer (1927–2021) * Eugene Parker (1927–2022) * Murray Gerstenhaber (1927–2024) * Hermann Haken (1927–2024) * Emmanuel Rashba (1927–2025) * (born 1927) * Sergio Fubini (1928–2005) * Arnold Kosevich (1928–2006) * Hans-Jürgen Treder (1928–2006) * (1928–2007) * (1928–2007) * Boris Chirikov (1928–2008) * Robert Kraichnan (1928–2008) * Reinhard Oehme (1928–2010) * Michael Tinkham (1928–2010) * Robert Brout (1928–2011) * Anthony Milner Lane (1928–2011) * (1928–2013) * Richard Arnowitt (1928–2014) * Andrew Sessler (1928–2014) * Robert Zwanzig (1928–2014) * Sam Edwards (physicist), Samuel Edwards (1928–2015) * Abner Shimony (1928–2015) * (1928–2015) * Felix Pirani (1928–2015) * (1928–2016) * John W. Cahn (1928–2016) * Stephen Gasiorowicz (1928–2016) * Kerson Huang (1928–2016) * Stanley Mandelstam (1928–2016) * Dmitry Shirkov (1928–2016) * Wolfhart Zimmermann (1928–2016) * Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (1928–2017) * Silvan S. Schweber (1928–2017) * (1928–2017) * Roger Elliott (physicist), Roger Elliott (1928–2018) * Louis A. Girifalco (1928–2018) * (1928–2019) * Eyvind Wichmann (1928–2019) * Alan Lidiard (1928–2020) * Robert A. Frosch (1928–2020) * Tatiana Birshteinª (1928–2022) * Isaac B. Bersuker (born 1928) * Franco Bassani (1929–2008) * Jürgen Ehlers (1929–2008) * James Philip Elliott (1929–2008) * Robin Bullough (1929–2008) * Vitaly Shafranov (1929–2014) * Lev Okun (1929–2015) * David Finkelstein (1929–2016) * Lev Gor'kov (1929–2016) * Norman Zabusky (1929–2018) * Philippe Choquard (1929–2018) * Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019) * Ezra T. Newman (1929–2021) * Wolfgang Ludwig (physicist), Wolfgang Ludwig (1929–2021) * Kurt Gottfried (1929–2022) * Asoke Nath Mitra (1929–2022) * Semyon Gershtein (1929–2023) * Joshua Zak (1929–2024) * Peter Higgs (1929–2024) * (1929–2024) * George B. Field (1929–2024) * Friedwardt Winterberg (born 1929) * Antonino Zichichi (born 1929) * Lars Hedin (1930–2002) * Bunji Sakita (1930–2002) * (1930–2005) * Albert Tavkhelidze (1930–2010) * (1930–2010) * (1930–2011) * (1930–2012) * Riazuddin (physicist), Riazuddin (1930–2013) * Marvin D. Girardeau (1930–2015) * Raymond Stora (1930–2015) * Susumu Okubo (1930–2015) * Marvin Chester (1930–2016) * Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–2017) * George Herbert Weiss (1930–2017) * Lodewijk Woltjer (1930–2019) * Alex Grossmann (1930–2019) * Richard M. Weiner (1930–2020) * Akito Arima (1930–2020) * (1930–2021) * John Polkinghorne (1930–2021) * David M. Brink (1930–2021) * Jun Kondo (1930–2022) * Alberto Sirlin (1930–2022) * Aleksandr Gurevich (1930–2023) * Viktor Maslov (mathematician), Viktor Maslov (1930–2023) * Leon Cooper (1930–2024) * Martin Karplus (1930–2024) * (born 1930) * Volker Heine (born 1930) * Lawrence Paul Horwitz (born 1930) * Joel Lebowitz (born 1930) * (born 1930) * John Clayton Taylor (born 1930) * Siegfried Grossmann (born 1930) * Fayyazuddin (born 1930) * (1931–2006) * Valentin Turchin (1931–2010) * (1931–2012) * Richard Liboff (1931–2014) * Tullio Regge (1931–2014) * (1931–2015) * Vladimir Braginsky* (1931–2016) * Leonid Keldysh (1931–2016) * (1931–2016) * (1931–2018) * George Sudarshan (1931–2018) * John Robert Schrieffer (1931–2019) * Loup Verlet (1931–2019) * Fred Cummings (1931–2019) * Igor Dzyaloshinskii (1931–2021) * Michael Fisher (1931–2021) * Martinus J.G. Veltman, Martinus Veltman (1931–2021) * Polina S. Landa (1931–2022) * (1931–2022) * Roland Omnès (1931–2022) * Stanley Deser (1931–2023) * Michel Gaudin (physicist), Michel Gaudin (1931–2023) * Wolfgang Kundt (born 1931) * Alexei A. Maradudin (born 1931) * Mark Nelkin (born 1931) * Luis de la Peña (born 1931) * Roger Penrose (born 1931) * Valery Pokrovsky (born 1931) * Heinrich Hora (born 1931) * Anatoly Larkin (1932–2005) * Radu Bălescu (1932–2006) * Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932–2007) * Constantin Piron (1932–2012) * Mario P. Tosi (1932–2015) * Tom W. B. Kibble, Tom Kibble (1932–2016) * H. Dieter Zeh (1932–2018) * Yevgeny Avrorin (1932–2018) * Philip George Burke (1932–2019) * Mark Azbel (1932–2020) * Claude Bouchiat (1932–2021) * Huzihiro Araki (1932–2022) * Philippe Nozières (1932–2022) * Charles W. Misner (1932–2023) * Rainer K. Sachs (1932–2024) * John R. Klauder (1932–2024) * Stuart A. Rice (1932–2024) * Yakir Aharonov (born 1932) * François Englert (born 1932) * Sheldon Glashow (born 1932) * Elliott H. Lieb (born 1932) * Roald Sagdeev (born 1932) * John Dirk Walecka (born 1932) * John Boardman (physicist), John Boardman (born 1932) * (born 1932) * Giovanni Jona-Lasinio (born 1932) * (1933–2005) * Moshe Carmeli (1933–2007) * Maurice Jacob (1933–2007) * (1933–2008) * (1933–2010) * John Quinn (physicist), John Quinn (1933–2018) * Steven Weinberg (1933–2021) * Charles M. Sommerfield (1933–2021) * Lev Pitaevskii (1933–2022) * Tai Tsun Wu (1933–2024) * Roger Balian (born 1933) * Steven Frautschi (born 1933) * Jeffrey Goldstone (born 1933) * John Hopfield (born 1933) * James Charles Phillips (born 1933) * Gerald Harris Rosen (born 1933) * Andrzej Trautman (born 1933) * Maurice Goldman (physicist), Maurice Goldman (born 1933) * (born 1933) * Victor Emery (1934–2002) * Chen Chunxian (1934–2004) * Julius Wess (1934–2007) * (1934–2011) * Manuel Cardona (1934–2014) * Marcel Froissart (1934–2015) * Moo-Young Han (1934–2016) * Ludvig Faddeev (1934–2017) * Pierre Hohenberg (1934–2017) * Hao Bailin (1934–2018) * Michael Nauenberg (1934–2019) * David J. Thouless (1934–2019) * (1934–2021) * Hiranmay Sen Gupta (1934–2022) * Morton Gurtin (1934–2022) * Jacques Villain (1934–2022) * Rodney Loudon (1934–2022) * Lowell S. Brown, Lowell Brown (1934–2023) * James Bjorken (1934–2024) * Sebastian Doniach (born 1934) * John G. Cramer (born 1934) * Albert Schwarz (born 1934) * Fred Alan Wolf (born 1934) * Roy Kerr (born 1934) * James S. Langer (born 1934) * George Zaslavsky (1935–2008) * Nicola Cabibbo (1935–2010) * Keiji Kikkawa (1935–2013) * Walter Greiner (1935–2016) * Oktay Sinanoğlu (1935–2015) * Giancarlo Ghirardi (1935–2018) * Pierre Sabatier (1935–2023) * Evgeny Velikhov (1935–2024) * Hugh Burkhardt (1935–2024) * Joseph H. Eberly (1935–2025) * Basil Hiley (1935–2025) * Gordon Baym (born 1935) * Carl H. Brans (born 1935) * Francesco Calogero (born 1935) * Marvin L. Cohen (born 1935) * Richard M. Friedberg (born 1935) * Hanoch Gutfreund (born 1935) * N. David Mermin (born 1935) * Harald J.W. Mueller-Kirsten (born 1935) * Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov (born 1935) * (born 1935) * David Ruelle (born 1935) * Yakov Sinai (born 1935) * Herbert Wagner (physicist), Herbert Wagner (born 1935) * David Fairlie (born 1935) * Jim Peebles (born 1935) * (born 1935) * Guy Laval (born 1935) * A. 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S. Babu * Guy de Téramond Peralta * Kathryn Zurek * David Berenstein * Ruth Britto * Kenneth Lane (physicist), Kenneth Lane * Ayana Holloway Arce * Clare Burrage * Freddy Cachazo * David Callaway * Xie Chen * Emily S. C. Ching * Csaba Csáki * Elbio Dagotto * Anne-Christine Davis * Sebastian Deffner * Dejan Milošević * Emanuela Del Gado * Peter D. Jarvis * Bogdan A. Dobrescu * Joakim Edsjö * Victor Galitski * Graciela Gelmini * Lawrence John Hall * Anne Schilling * Mina Aganagić

Fictional theoretical physicists

* Gordon Freeman * Eli Vance * Isaac Kleiner * Rodney McKay * Samantha Carterª * Larry Fleinhardt * List of Angels & Demons characters#Leonardo Vetra, Leonardo Vetra * Quinn Mallory * Maximillian Arturo * Nicholas Rush * Daniel Faraday * Catherine Elizabeth Halsey * Milo Rambaldi * Mister Fantastic, Reed Richards * Doctor Doom, Victor Von Doom * Radek Zelenka * Sheldon Cooper * List of characters in the BioShock series#The Lutece Twins, Rosalind and Robert Lutece * Rick Sanchez

Notes

: * Experimentalist also : º Astronomer, astrophysics, astrophysicist or physical cosmology, cosmologist also : ^ Developed new mathematics : † Contributed to chemistry : ‡ Contributed to biology : ª Women in theoretical physics {{Theoretical physics Theoretical physicists, * Physics-related lists, Theoretical physicists