The Social Democrats () are a
social democratic
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
political party in Ireland.
Led by
Holly Cairns since March 2023, the party was launched on 15 July 2015 by three
independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in Pennsylvania, United States
* Independentes (English: Independents), a Portuguese artist ...
TDs:
Catherine Murphy,
Róisín Shortall, and
Stephen Donnelly
Stephen Donnelly (born 14 December 1975) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Health from June 2020 to January 2025. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency from 2011 to 2024.
On his election ...
. It promotes the
Nordic model
The Nordic model comprises the economic and social policies as well as typical cultural practices common in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden). This includes a comprehensive welfare state and multi-level colle ...
of political economy,
pro-European
Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU).Krisztina Arató, Petr Kaniok (editors). ''Euroscepticism and European Integration''. Pol ...
views,
and implementing
Sláintecare, a plan to reform the
Irish healthcare system.
History
2015–2019: Foundation and early elections
The Social Democrats was established with a co-leadership arrangement between its three founding members.
Róisín Shortall is a former
Labour Party TD and former
Minister of State at the Department of Health. She resigned from the role and from Labour in September 2012, citing lack of support and the lack of an explanation from then-
Minister for Health
A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare spending and other social security services.
Some governments have separate ministers for mental heal ...
James Reilly concerning his controversial decision to locate a new
primary care centre in his own constituency.
Catherine Murphy was successively a member of the
Workers' Party
Workers' Party is a name used by several political parties throughout the world. The name has been used by both organisations on the left and right of the political spectrum. It is currently used by followers of Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Maoism ...
,
Democratic Left and the Labour Party before being elected as an independent TD in 2005.
Stephen Donnelly
Stephen Donnelly (born 14 December 1975) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Health from June 2020 to January 2025. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency from 2011 to 2024.
On his election ...
first entered politics as an independent TD in the
2011 general election, having previously worked as a consultant for
McKinsey and Company
McKinsey & Company (informally McKinsey or McK) is an American multinational strategy and management consulting firm that offers professional services to corporations, governments, and other organizations. Founded in 1926 by James O. McKinse ...
. Both Murphy and Donnelly were members of the
Technical Group
In parliamentary politics, a technical group or mixed group is a heterogeneous group of elected officials who are of differing ideologies, comprising multiple small political parties, independent politicians, or a combination of both. They can be ...
in the 31st Dáil, with Murphy having served as its
Chief Whip
The Chief Whip is a political leader whose task is to enforce the whipping system, which aims to ensure that legislators who are members of a political party attend and vote on legislation as the party leadership prescribes.
United Kingdom
I ...
.
The party ran fourteen candidates in the
2016 general election, including its three incumbent TDs, former Labour Party
Senator
A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or Legislative chamber, chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the Ancient Rome, ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior ...
James Heffernan, and county councillors
Gary Gannon and
Cian O'Callaghan. Their three incumbent TDs were re-elected, but none of their other candidates were elected.
In May 2016, the party formed a technical group within the Dáil with the
Green Party
A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as environmentalism and social justice.
Green party platforms typically embrace Social democracy, social democratic economic policies and fo ...
.
On 5 September 2016, Stephen Donnelly resigned as joint leader and left the party, stating that he was doing so "with great sadness, having vested so much together with my parliamentary colleagues, Catherine and Roisin, a small core team and many volunteers across the country, into the establishment of the Social Democrats over the last 20 months", but referring to his relationship with his fellow leaders, that "some partnerships simply don't work". On 2 February 2017, he joined
Fianna Fáil
Fianna Fáil ( ; ; meaning "Soldiers of Destiny" or "Warriors of Fál"), officially Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party (), is a centre to centre-right political party in Ireland.
Founded as a republican party in 1926 by Éamon de ...
.
2019 local and European elections
The Social Democrats contested their first
European Parliament elections
Elections to the European Parliament take place every five years by Universal suffrage, universal adult suffrage; with more than 400 million people eligible to vote, they are the second largest democratic elections in the world after Electio ...
in May 2019, with councillor
Gary Gannon running for election in the
Dublin
Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...
constituency. Gannon received 5.6% of the first-preference votes, finishing 6th out of 19 candidates in the first count. He was eliminated on the 14th count. The party did not contest the other Irish constituencies of
Midlands-North-West or
South
South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both west and east.
Etymology
The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþa ...
at this election.
The party also contested their first local elections in May 2019. The Social Democrats put forward 58 candidates for seats on local councils. 55% of the candidates were women, making it the second highest percentage of female candidates put forward among all political parties. 19 of the 58 candidates were elected, more than trebling the party's representation in local government.
Ellie Kisyombe, a
Malawi
Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and ...
-born asylum seeker running for the Social Democrats in Dublin's North Inner City LEA, was retained after a review of inconsistencies in her account of her asylum history and time in
direct provision; following this, three members of the party's National Executive resigned.
2019 by-elections and the 2020 general election
In November 2019, the party contested 3 of the 4 by-elections caused by the election of Irish TDs to the European Parliament, but did not win any seats, with their candidates all receiving between 2.5% and 4.4% of the vote.
In the
2020 general election, the party ran 20 candidates in 20 constituencies, and increased their seats to six, despite a small fall in the number of first preference votes received. Murphy and Shortall were re-elected in their constituencies, and were joined by
Holly Cairns in
Cork South-West,
Gary Gannon in
Dublin Central,
Cian O'Callaghan in
Dublin Bay North and
Jennifer Whitmore in
Wicklow
Wicklow ( ; , meaning 'church of the toothless one'; ) is the county town of County Wicklow in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is located on the east of Ireland, south of Dublin. According to the 2022 census of Ireland, 2022 census, it had ...
. The Social Democrats finished level on seats with the
Labour Party and exceeded the seats of other left-leaning parties
Solidarity–People Before Profit and
Independents 4 Change.
Holly Cairns as leader
On 22 February 2023, Murphy and Shortall announced that they would step down as co-leaders of the Social Democrats. Holly Cairns was the only candidate to put her name forward for leadership of the party, and she was announced as the new leader on 1 March. On becoming leader, Cairns reiterated that the Social Democrats have no interest in merging with the Labour Party, which had been repeatedly suggested but rejected by the Social Democrats' party leadership.
She said that housing and Sláintecare would be red line issues for the Social Democrats in any coalition talks with any party. On 4 July 2023 it was announced that Cian O'Callaghan had been appointed to the newly created role of deputy party leader.
2024 elections
In the
June 2024 local elections, the Social Democrats ran 78 candidates, with 35 elected, including 10 on
Dublin City Council
Dublin City Council () is the Local government in the Republic of Ireland, local authority of the city of Dublin in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. As a city council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. Until 2001, the authority was k ...
, where they became the second largest party. For the
2024 European elections in Ireland, the party ran three candidates, one in each of the Irish
constituencies
An electoral (congressional, legislative, etc.) district, sometimes called a constituency, riding, or ward, is a geographical portion of a political unit, such as a country, state or province, city, or administrative region, created to provi ...
. While the Social Democrats' first preference vote share increased to 2.95%, none of their candidates were elected.
At the
2024 general election in November, the party almost doubled its number of TDs, going from 6 to 11, tying with Labour to become the fourth-largest party in Ireland. The party also gained its first Senator in
Patricia Stephenson at the
2025 Seanad election. However, the party lost a TD at the same time following the indefinite suspension of
Eoin Hayes.
Elected representatives
As of the
2024 General Election, the Social Democrats have ten TDs.
Through 2017 and 2018, the Social Democrats recruited several sitting county councillors, including
Jennifer Whitmore (
Wicklow County Council), Joe Harris (
Cork County Council), Dermot Looney (
South Dublin County Council), Paul Mulville (
Fingal County Council) and June Murphy (Cork County Council). In the 2019 local elections they won 19 council seats, but by 2023 they had expanded this to 22 by recruiting three county councillors; Mary Roche (
Waterford City and County Council), Eoin Ó Broin (
South Dublin County Council) and Liam Quaide (
Cork County Council).
In 2023,
Galway City Council
Galway City Council () is the local authority of the city of Galway, Ireland. As a city council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and ...
lor Owen Hanley resigned as a councillor and as a party member, following allegations made against him on social media.
In the
2024 local elections, the party won 35 councillor seats, up from the 19 they had previously held. They performed particularly well in the
Dublin City Council election, doubling their seat share to 10 and becoming the second largest party behind
Fine Gael
Fine Gael ( ; ; ) is a centre-right, liberal-conservative, Christian democratic political party in Ireland. Fine Gael is currently the third-largest party in the Republic of Ireland in terms of members of Dáil Éireann. The party had a member ...
.
In 2024, Dublin Bay South TD
Eoin Hayes was suspended from the party after he confirmed he gave incorrect details about when he sold shares he held in a software firm Palantir that supplies technology to the Israeli Defence Forces.
At the
2025 Seanad election, the party saw its first ever Senator elected in
Patricia Stephenson for the
Labour Panel
The Labour Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Labour Panel elects eleven senators.
Election
Article 18 of the Const ...
.
Ideology and policies
The party is
centre-left
Centre-left politics is the range of left-wing political ideologies that lean closer to the political centre. Ideologies commonly associated with it include social democracy, social liberalism, progressivism, and green politics. Ideas commo ...
and supports Irish membership of the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...
. At the party's launch, its three TDs stated their support for the
Nordic model
The Nordic model comprises the economic and social policies as well as typical cultural practices common in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden). This includes a comprehensive welfare state and multi-level colle ...
of
social democracy
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
, backed the repeal of the
Eighth Amendment and the
Official Secrets Act
An Official Secrets Act (OSA) is legislation that provides for the protection of Classified information, state secrets and official information, mainly related to national security. However, in its unrevised form (based on the UK Official Secret ...
, and stated their opposition to domestic
water charges.
The party is also in favour of a directly elected mayor of
Dublin
Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...
.
In their 2024 general election manifesto,
the party outlined their 5 main aims and stated that they would only ever enter into a government that would work to implement these aims. Party leader,
Holly Cairns stated that these were the party's red-lines.
* Build 50,000 affordable purchase homes.
* Fully implement
Sláintecare.
* Agree a plan to reach Irish climate targets and avoid €8 billion in fines.
* Appoint a full cabinet
Minister for Disability.
* Build high quality public childcare.
Health policies
One of the party's core policies is ''
Sláintecare'', an Irish national health service proposal. ''Sláintecare'' is a fully costed plan for a universal, single-tier public health service that would join up health and social care in Ireland and be free at the point of use. ''Sláintecare'' was developed as the result of a cross-Party Oireachtas Committee chaired by the Social Democrats'
Róisín Shortall, which sought to examine the issue of healthcare in Ireland. The party's ''Sláintecare'' policy plan also includes (but is not limited to): a legal entitlement to homecare packages for older people, significantly reducing
prescription charges
In the United Kingdom most medicines are supplied via the National Health Service at either no charge, or for a fixed charge for up to three months' worth of any medicine. Charges for prescriptions for medicines and some medical appliances are pay ...
and lowering costs for medicines, providing access to basic procedures at a local level, and improved funding for mental health, including counselling, community programmes, and adult mental health teams.
Housing policies
The Social Democrats are in favour of universal access to affordable housing. In May 2017, the party published the Urban Regeneration and Housing Bill to eliminate loopholes to the vacant site levy and increase penalties for developers engaged in land hoarding. In January 2018 the party called for a nationwide rent freeze. In December 2019 the party proposed a motion of no-confidence in housing minister
Eoghan Murphy.
In their 2020 manifesto, the party called for building 100,000 homes over a five-year period to be delivered by a new housing agency, and pledged to end
homelessness
Homelessness, also known as houselessness or being unhoused or unsheltered, is the condition of lacking stable, safe, and functional housing. It includes living on the streets, moving between temporary accommodation with family or friends, liv ...
.
In their 2024 manifesto, the party stated that if elected to government they would deliver 50,000 affordable purchase homes and 25,000 cost rental homes over five years.
Economic policies
In their 2020 manifesto, the party said it would ban exploitative work contracts, encourage
union membership and protect younger workers.
In their October 2023 alternative budget, they advocated for a new tax on assets valued at over 1 million
euro
The euro (currency symbol, symbol: euro sign, €; ISO 4217, currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the Member state of the European Union, member states of the European Union. This group of states is officially known as the ...
and an increase of the
minimum wage
A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their employees—the price floor below which employees may not sell their labor. List of countries by minimum wage, Most countries had introduced minimum wage legislation b ...
by 2 euro, to €13.30 per hour.
Social policies
The Social Democrats have published legislation on equal access and non-religious discrimination in schools, extended unpaid
parental leave
Parental leave, or family leave, is an employee benefit available in almost all countries. The term "parental leave" may include maternity, paternity, and adoption leave; or may be used distinctively from "maternity leave" and "paternity leave ...
and greater minimum notice periods for residential tenancies. The party called for a yes vote in the
Referendum to Repeal the Eighth Amendment on 25 May 2018. The party supports an end to
conversion therapy
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation, romantic orientation, gender identity, or gender expression to align with heterosexual and cisgender norms. Methods that have ...
.
Education policies
In their 2020 manifesto, the party committed to making primary school education free, reducing third level fees and expanding the
SUSI grant system.
Disability policies
In their 2024 manifesto, the party pledged to appoint a Senior Minister for Disability if elected to government. The party also stated that they wish to implement a weekly Cost of Disability payment to reflect the higher costs of living with a disability, as well as address the waiting lists for an assessment of need and issues around staffing of Children's Disability Network Teams (CDNT).
Climate policies
The party's 2020 manifesto vowed to build more
cycle lanes, cut
public transport
Public transport (also known as public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) are forms of transport available to the general public. It typically uses a fixed schedule, route and charges a fixed fare. There is no rigid definition of whic ...
fares and introduce a dedicated public transport policing unit. On climate policies, they called for banning
fracking
Fracking (also known as hydraulic fracturing, fracing, hydrofracturing, or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure inje ...
and pledged to meet the targets in the
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement (also called the Paris Accords or Paris Climate Accords) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement was ...
.
Drug policies
The party supports the
decriminalisation of drugs for personal consumption. The Social Democrats instead want to take a health-led approach to drugs, such as by tackling the socio-economic and mental health factors that pre-dispose people to
substance abuse
Substance misuse, also known as drug misuse or, in older vernacular, substance abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder, differing definition ...
. It also advocates for better funding for drug treatment and health services, as well as improved public
education around drugs.
Anti-corruption
The party has called for the establishment of an independent anti-corruption agency in Ireland to tackle white-collar crime and corruption in the corporate world and political spheres.
Israel and Palestine
In November 2023, the Social Democrats put forward a Dáil motion seeking to expel the
Israeli ambassador to Ireland,
Dana Erlich, and to place economic sanctions on
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
amidst the
Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. The motion was voted down by the government. Two months later, the party put forward a motion to back
South Africa's case against Israel in the
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; , CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that Adjudication, adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on International law, internation ...
; the government put forward a counter-motion, which passed in its place.
As part of their 2024 manifesto, the party introduced a plan for a €10 million fund to bring
Palestinian children to Ireland for medical treatment.
Leadership
Leaders
Deputy leader
Election results
Dáil Éireann
Local elections
European Parliament
Seanad elections
Notes
References
External links
*
{{Authority control
2015 establishments in Ireland
Centre-left parties in Europe
Left-wing politics in Ireland
Political parties established in 2015
Political parties in the Republic of Ireland
Pro-European political parties in Ireland
Social democratic parties in Europe
Social democratic parties in Ireland