Regional geology is the

geological Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth s ...

study of large-scale regions. Usually, it encompasses multiple geological disciplines to piece together the history of an area. It is the geologic equivalent of

regional geography Regional geography is one of the major traditions of geography. It focuses on the interaction of different cultural and natural geofactors in a specific land or landscape, while its counterpart, systematic geography, concentrates on a specific geo ...

. The size and the borders of each region are defined by geologically significant boundaries and by the occurrence of geologic processes. Examples of geologically significant boundaries are the interfingering

facies In geology, a facies ( , ; same pronunciation and spelling in the plural) is a body of rock with distinctive characteristics. The characteristics can be any observable attribute of rocks (such as their overall appearance, composition, or con ...

change in sedimentary deposits when discussing a

sedimentary basin Sedimentary basins are region-scale depressions of the Earth's crust where subsidence has occurred and a thick sequence of sediments have accumulated to form a large three-dimensional body of sedimentary rock They form when long-term subsidence ...

system, or the leading or boundary

thrust Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction, the accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction to be applied to that ...

of an

orogen An orogenic belt, orogen, or mobile belt, is a zone of Earth's crust affected by orogeny. An orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges; this involves a series of geological proc ...

Africa

* Geology of Africa ** Geology of Chad ** Geology of Egypt **

Geology of Madagascar The geology of Madagascar comprises a variety of rocks of Precambrian age which make up the larger part of the east and centre of the island. They are intruded by basalts and rhyolites of Mesozoic to Cenozoic age. In contrast, the western part ...

** Geology of Rwanda ** Geology of Togo

Antarctica

* Geology of Antarctica

Asia

* Geology of Asia ** Geology of Armenia ** Geology of Azerbaijan **

Geology of Bangladesh The Geology of Bangladesh is affected by the country's location, as Bangladesh is mainly a riverine country. It is the eastern two-thirds of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River, Brahmaputra River delta, river delta plain stretching to the north f ...

** Geology of China *** Geology of Fujian ** Geology of Georgia (country) ** Geology of Hong Kong **

Geology of India The geology of India is diverse. Different regions of the Indian subcontinent contain rocks belonging to different geologic periods, dating as far back as the Eoarchean Era. Some of the rocks are very deformed and altered. Other deposi ...

*** Geology of Sikkim **

Geology of Indonesia This is a brief summary of the geology of Indonesia. Indonesia is located between two major tectonic plates namely, the Australian Plate and the newly-separated Sunda Plate. Tectonics The tectonics of Indonesia are very complex, as it ...

Geology of Japan The islands of Japan are primarily the result of several large ocean movements occurring over hundreds of millions of years from the mid-Silurian to the Pleistocene, as a result of the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the continent ...

** Geology of New Zealand ** Geology of Pakistan **

Geology of the Philippines Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth s ...

Geology of Russia The geology of Russia, the world's largest country, which extends over much of northern Eurasia, consists of several stable cratons and sedimentary platforms bounded by orogenic (mountain) belts. European Russia is on the East European cra ...

** Geology of Singapore ** Geology of Taiwan ** Geology of Turkey ** Geology of Vietnam

Australia

Geology of Australia The geology of Australia includes virtually all known list of rock types, rock types, spanning a geological time period of over 3.8 billion years, including some of the oldest rocks on earth. Australia is a continent situated on the Indo-Aust ...

** Geology of the Australian Capital Territory **

Geology of New South Wales Geologically the Australian state of New South Wales consists of seven main regions: Lachlan Fold Belt, the Hunter–Bowen orogeny or New England Orogen (NEO), the Delamerian Orogeny, the Clarence Moreton Basin, the Great Artesian Basin, the Syd ...

** Geology of Queensland ** Geology of Tasmania **

Geology of Victoria Victoria (Australia), Victoria is an Australian state, situated at the southern end of the Great Dividing Range. The Great Dividing Range stretches along the east coast of the continent and terminates near the Victorian city of Ballarat, Victor ...

** Geology of the Yilgarn craton

Europe

* Geology of Europe ** Geology of Andorra ** Geology of Armenia ** Geology of Azerbaijan **

Geology of Cyprus The southern margin of the Anatolian Plate is in collision with the African Plate, which has created the uplift of the Cyprus arc and Cyprus itself. Bedrock geology Cyprus is commonly divided into four bedrock units, which are illustrated in the ...

Geology of Denmark The geology of Denmark includes 12 kilometers of unmetamorphosed sediments lying atop the Precambrian Fennoscandian Shield, the Norwegian-Scottish Caledonides and buried North German-Polish Caledonides. The stable Fennoscandian Shield formed from ...

*** Geology of Faroe Islands ***

Geology of Greenland Greenland is the largest island on Earth. Only one-fifth of its surface area is exposed bedrock, the rest being covered by ice. The exposed surface is approximately 410,000 km2. The geology of Greenland is dominated by crystalline roc ...

** Geology of Finland ** Geology of France ***

Alps The Alps () are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. ...

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Aquitaine Basin The Aquitaine Basin is the second largest Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basin in France after the Paris Basin, occupying a large part of the country's southwestern quadrant. Its surface area covers 66,000 km2 onshore. It formed on Varisca ...

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Armorican Massif The Armorican Massif (, ) is a geologic massif that covers a large area in the northwest of France, including Brittany, the western part of Normandy and the Pays de la Loire. It is important because it is connected to Dover on the British side o ...

*** Massif Central ***

Paris Basin The Paris Basin () is one of the major geological regions of France. It developed since the Triassic over remnant uplands of the Variscan orogeny (Hercynian orogeny). The sedimentary basin, no longer a single drainage basin, is a large sag in ...

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Pyrenees The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. They extend nearly from their union with the Cantabrian Mountains to Cap de Creus on the Mediterranean coast, reaching a maximum elevation of at the peak of Aneto. ...

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Upper Rhine Plain The Upper Rhine Plain, Rhine Rift Valley or Upper Rhine Graben ( German: ''Oberrheinische Tiefebene'', ''Oberrheinisches Tiefland'' or ''Oberrheingraben'', French: ''Vallée du Rhin'') is a major rift, about and on average , between Basel in the ...

*** Rhone Furrow ***

Vosges Mountains The Vosges ( , ; ; Franconian (linguistics), Franconian and ) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its France–Germany border, border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the bor ...

** Geology of Germany ** Geology of Great Britain ***

Geology of England The geology of England is mainly sedimentary. The youngest rocks are in the south east around London, progressing in age in a north westerly direction.

**** Geology of the English counties **** Geology of Cambridgeshire **** Geology of Cheshire **** Geology of Cornwall ***** Lizard Complex **** Geology of Dorset **** Geology of East Sussex **** Geology of Essex **** Geology of Gloucestershire **** Geology of Hampshire ****

Geology of Hertfordshire The geology of Hertfordshire describes the rocks of the England, English county of Hertfordshire which are a northern part of the great shallow syncline known as the London Basin. The beds dip in a south-easterly direction towards the syncline's lo ...

**** Geology of Lincolnshire **** Geology of Norfolk **** Geology of Rutland **** Geology of Shropshire **** Geology of Somerset **** Geology of Suffolk **** Geology of Yorkshire ***

Geology of Scotland The geology of Scotland is unusually varied for a country of its size, with a large number of different geology, geological features.Keay & Keay (1994) page 415. There are three main geographical sub-divisions: the Highlands and Islands is a dive ...

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Geology of Orkney The geology of the Orkney islands in northern Scotland is dominated by the Devonian Old Red Sandstone (ORS). In the southwestern part of Mainland, Orkney, Mainland, this sequence can be seen to rest Unconformity, unconformably on a Moine Supergrou ...

**** Geology of Skye *** Geology of Wales **

Geology of Guernsey Guernsey has a geological history stretching further back into the past than most of Europe. The majority of rock exposures on the Island may be found along the coastlines, with inland exposures scarce and usually highly weathered. There is a ...

*** Geology of Alderney **

Geology of the Iberian Peninsula The geology of the Iberian Peninsula consists of the study of the rock formations on the Iberian Peninsula, connected to the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees. The peninsula contains rocks from every geological period from the Edia ...

Geology of Iceland The geology of Iceland is unique and of particular interest to geologists. Iceland lies on the divergent boundary between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate. It also lies above a hotspot, the Iceland plume. The plume is believed ...

** Geology of Ireland **

Geology of Italy The geology of Italy includes mountain ranges such as the Alps and the Apennines formed from the uplift of igneous and primarily marine sedimentary rocks all formed since the Paleozoic. Some active volcanoes are located in Insular Italy. Geolog ...

** Geology of Jersey ** Geology of the Netherlands **

Geology of Norway The geology of Norway encompasses the history of Earth that can be interpreted by rock types found in Norway, and the associated sedimentological history of soils and rock types. The Norwegian mountains were formed around 400 million years ago ...

*** Geology of Svalbard **

** Geology of Serbia ** Geology of Slovenia ** Geology of Sweden *** Geology of Gotland ** Geology of Turkey

North America

Geology of North America The geology of North America is a subject of regional geology and covers the North American continent, the third-largest in the world. Geologic units and processes are investigated on a large scale to reach a synthesized picture of the g ...

Geology of the Appalachians The geology of the Appalachians dates back more than 1.2 billion years to the Mesoproterozoic era when two continental Craton, cratons collided to form the supercontinent Rodinia, 500 million years prior to the development of the range during t ...

** Geology of New England ** Geology of the Pacific Northwest *

Geology of the Rocky Mountains The geology of the Rocky Mountains is that of a discontinuous series of mountain ranges with distinct geological origins. Collectively these make up the Rocky Mountains, a mountain system that stretches from Northern British Columbia through cen ...

Geology of Canada The geology of Canada is a subject of regional geology and covers the country of Canada, which is the second-largest country in the world. Geologic units and processes are investigated on a large scale to reach a synthesized picture of the geolog ...

** Geology of the United States *** Geology of Alabama *** Geology of Alaska *** Geology of Arizona ****

Geology of the Grand Canyon area The geology of the Grand Canyon area includes one of the most complete and studied sequences of rock (geology), rock on Earth. The nearly 40 major sedimentary rock layers exposed in the Grand Canyon and in the Grand Canyon National Park area rang ...

*** Geology of Arkansas ***

Geology of California The geology of California is highly complex, with numerous mountain ranges, substantial faulting and tectonic activity, rich natural resources and a history of both ancient and comparatively recent intense geological activity. The area formed a ...

**** Geology of the Death Valley area **** Geology of the Lassen volcanic area **** Geology of Mount Shasta **** Geology of the Yosemite area *** Geology of Colorado *** Geology of Connecticut *** Geology of Delaware ***

Geology of Florida The Florida, Floridian peninsula is a porous plateau of karst limestone sitting atop bedrock known as the Florida Platform. The emergent portion of the platform was created during the Eocene to Oligocene as the Gulf Trough filled with silts, cl ...

*** Geology of Georgia *** Geology of Hawaii *** Geology of Idaho *** Geology of Illinois ***

Geology of Indiana The geography of Indiana comprises the physical features of the land and relative location of U.S. State of Indiana. Indiana is in the north-central United States and borders on Lake Michigan. Surrounding states are Michigan to the north and no ...

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Geology of Iowa The geography of Iowa includes the study of bedrock, landforms, rivers, geology, paleontology and urbanisation of the U.S. state of Iowa. The state covers an area of 56,272.81 sq mi (145,746 km2). Bedrock features Iowa's bedrock geology g ...

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Geology of Kansas The geology of Kansas encompasses the geologic history and the presently exposed rock and soil. Rock that crops out in the US state of Kansas was formed during the Phanerozoic eon, which consists of three geologic eras: the Paleozoic, Meso ...

*** Geology of Kentucky *** Geology of Louisiana *** Geology of Maine *** Geology of Maryland ***

Geology of Massachusetts The geology of Massachusetts includes numerous units of volcanic, intrusive igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks formed within the last 1.2 billion years. The oldest formations are gneiss rocks in the Berkshires, which were metamorphosed ...

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Geology of Michigan Michigan consists of two peninsulas surrounded primarily by four of the Great Lakes and a variety of nearby islands. The Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Upper Peninsula is bounded on the southwest by Wisconsin, and the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, ...

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Geology of Minnesota The geology of Minnesota comprises the rock, minerals, and soils of the U.S. state of Minnesota, including their formation, development, distribution, and condition. The state's geologic history can be divided into three periods. The first peri ...

*** Geology of Mississippi *** Geology of Missouri ***

Geology of Montana Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth s ...

*** Geology of Nebraska *** Geology of Nevada *** Geology of New Hampshire ***

Geology of New Jersey New Jersey is a very geologically and geographically diverse region in the United States' Middle Atlantic region, offering variety from the Appalachian Mountains and the Highlands in the state's northwest, to the Atlantic Coastal Plain region th ...

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Geology of New Mexico The geology of New Mexico includes bedrock exposures of four physiographic provinces, with ages ranging from almost 1800 million years (Ma (unit), Ma) to nearly the present day. Here the Great Plains, southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado Plateau, ...

*** Geology of New York **** Glacial geology of the Genesee River ***

Geology of North Carolina 270px, Looking Glass Dome The geology of North Carolina includes ancient Proterozoic rocks belonging to the Grenville Province in the Blue Ridge. The region experienced igneous activity and the addition of new terranes and orogeny mountain build ...

*** Geology of North Dakota ***

Geology of Ohio The geology of Ohio formed beginning more than one billion years ago in the Proterozoic eon of the Precambrian. The igneous and metamorphic crystalline basement rock is poorly understood except through deep boreholes and does not outcrop at the s ...

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Geology of Oklahoma The geology of Oklahoma is characterized by Carboniferous rocks in the east, Permian rocks in the center and towards the west, and a cover of Tertiary period, Tertiary deposits in the panhandle to the west. The panhandle of Oklahoma is also note ...

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Geology of Oregon Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth s ...

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Geology of Pennsylvania The Geology of Pennsylvania consists of six distinct physiographic provinces, three of which are subdivided into different sections. Each province has its own economic advantages and geologic hazards and plays an important role in shaping every ...

*** Geology of Rhode Island *** Geology of South Carolina *** Geology of South Dakota ***

Geology of Tennessee The geology of Tennessee is as diverse as its landscapes. Politically, Tennessee is broken up into three Grand Divisions: East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Physically, Tennessee is also separated into three main types of landforms: river valley ...

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Geology of Texas Texas contains a wide variety of geologic settings. The state's stratigraphy has been largely influenced by marine transgressive-regressive cycles during the Phanerozoic, with a lesser but still significant contribution from late Cenozoic tecto ...

*** Geology of Utah **** Geology of the Bryce Canyon area **** Geology of the Canyonlands area **** Geology of the Capitol Reef area ****

Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area The geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area includes nine known exposed formations, all visible in Zion National Park in the U.S. state of Utah. Together, these formations represent about 150 million years of mostly Mesozoic-aged sediment ...

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Geology of Vermont Vermont () is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. According to the mo ...

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Geology of Virginia The geology of Virginia began to form at least 1.8 billion years ago. The oldest rocks in the state were metamorphosed during the Grenville orogeny, a mountain-building event beginning 1.2 billion years ago in the Proterozoic, which obs ...

*** Geology of Washington *** Geology of Washington, D.C. **** Geology of Mount Adams *** Geology of West Virginia *** Geology of Wisconsin ***

Geology of Wyoming Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth s ...

**** Geology of the Grand Teton area

South America

* Geology of South America **

Geology of Bolivia The geology of Bolivia comprises a variety of different lithologies as well as tectonic and sedimentary environments. On a synoptic scale, geological units coincide with topographical units. The country is divided into a mountainous western are ...

Geology of Chile The geology of Chile is a characterized by processes linked to subduction, such as volcanism, earthquakes, and orogeny. The building blocks of Chile's geology were assembled during the Paleozoic Era when Chile was the southwestern margin of th ...

Geology of Colombia Geology of Colombia refers to the geological composition of the Republic of Colombia that determines its geography. Most of the emerged territory of Colombia covers vast areas within the South American Plate, whereas much submerged territory lie ...

** Geology of the Falkland Islands ** Geology of Uruguay

By mountain range

Geology of the Alps The Alps form part of a Cenozoic orogenic belt of mountain chains, called the Alpide belt, that stretches through southern Europe and Asia from the Atlantic all the way to the Himalayas. This belt of mountain chains was formed during the Alpin ...

* Geology of the Andes *

Geology of the Himalaya The geology of the Himalayas is a record of the most dramatic and visible creations of the immense mountain range formed by plate tectonic forces and sculpted by weathering and erosion. The Himalayas, which stretch over 2400 km between ...

References

{{Geology of Europe Compagnoni, R. (2003). "HP metamorphic belt of the western Alps". Episodes. 26 (3): 200–204. Geology of Mid-way Range