Osaka Metro

The is a major rapid transit system in the Osaka metropolitan area of Japan, operated by the Osaka Metro Company, Ltd. It serves the city of Osaka and the adjacent municipalities of Higashiosaka, Kadoma, Moriguchi, Sakai, Suita, and Yao. Osaka Metro forms an integral part of the extensive mass transit system of Greater Osaka (part of the Kansai region), having 123 out of the 1,108 rail stations (2007) in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto region. In 2010, the greater Osaka region had 13 million rail passengers daily (see Transport in Keihanshin) of which the Osaka Municipal Subway (as it was then known) accounted for 2.29 million.

Osaka Metro is the only subway system in Japan to be partially legally classified as a tram system, whereas all other subway systems in Japan are legally classified as railways. Despite this, it has all the characteristics typical of a full-fledged metro system.

Overview

The network's first service, the Midōsuji Line from to , opened in 1933. As a north–south trunk route, it is the oldest and busiest line in the whole network. Both it and the main east–west route, the Chūō Line, were later extended to the north and east, respectively. These extensions are owned by other railway companies, but both Osaka Metro and these private operators run their own set of trains through between the two sections.

All but one of the remaining lines of the network, including the Yotsubashi Line, Tanimachi Line, and Sennichimae Line, are completely independent lines with no through services. The lone exception is the Sakaisuji Line, which operates through trains to existing Hankyu Railway lines and is the only line to operate through services to existing railway lines that are not isolated from the national rail network (which is the case with the Midōsuji and Chūō Lines). As such, it is not compatible with the rest of the lines.

Nearly all stations have a letter number combination, the letter identifying the line served by the station and the number indicating the relative location of the station on the line. For example, Higobashi Station on the Yotsubashi Line is also known as Y12. This combination is heard in bilingual Japanese-English automated next-station announcements on board all trains, which also provide information on local businesses near the station. Only Hankyu stations served by the Sakaisuji Line do not follow this convention.

Management

The network is operated by a municipally owned stock company trading as the Osaka Metro Company, Ltd. The Osaka Metro Co. is the direct legal successor to the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau, which operated the subway as ; under the Bureau's management, the subway was the oldest publicly operated subway network in Japan, having begun operations in 1933. A proposal to corporatize the Osaka subway was sent to the city government in February 2013 and was given final approval in 2017. The rationale behind corporatization is that it would bring private investors to Osaka and could help revive Osaka's economy. The Osaka Metro Co. was incorporated on June 1, 2017, and took over operations on April 1, 2018.

The Osaka Metro Co. also operates all city buses in Osaka, through its majority-owned subsidiary, the .

Branding

Osaka Metro stations are denoted by the Osaka Metro Co.'s corporate logo, a white-on-dark-blue icon placed at ground-level entrances, depicting an "M" (for "Metro") based on a coiled ribbon, which would form an "O" (for "Osaka") when viewed from the side (this symbol is officially called the "moving M"), with the "Osaka Metro" wordmark set in the Gotham typeface. "Osaka Metro" (in Latin characters) is the official branding in Japanese, and is always represented as such in official media. (News outlets have been seen to use 大阪メトロ, presumably to better flow with article text.) Individual lines are represented by a public-facing name (e.g. "Midōsuji Line" for Rapid Electric Tramway Line No. 1) and a specific color, as well as a single Latin letter, which is paired with a different number at each station for easy identification (see below). Icons for each line (featured in station wayfinding signage) are represented by a solid roundel in the line color, superimposed with the line's letter-designation in the Parisine typeface.

An older branding (also used on the original tram network run by the city until 1969) is the "Mio-Den" mark, which depicts an old-fashioned , the logo for Osaka City, over the kanji for , short for . This mark is still present on newer trainsets and staff uniforms as Osaka Metro retained it as its monsho, as well as a connection to the subway network's roots.

When it was run by the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau, the subway used a logo known as the symbol, which is a katakana for superimposed over a circular capital "O" for "Osaka" (see infobox, above). This remained on many older trainsets and at stations, until it was completely replaced by the Osaka Metro logo by 2020.

Lines

Currently, there are eight lines, operating on of track and serving 124 stations; there is also a -long, 10-station automated people mover line known as the "New Tram".

;Table notes

Planned line and extensions

In addition, there are five line extensions and one entirely new line that are planned. However, on August 28, 2014, the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau met about creating the extensions of the later five of the six lines listed below, and have stated considering the current cost of the new extensions (and the possibly of privatization at the time), the government has also considered using light rail transit or bus rapid transit instead. Osaka Metro is now experimenting with bus rapid transit on the route of the Imazatosuji Line extension, with "Imazato Liner" service between Imazato and Yuzato-Rokuchōme slated to begin in April 2019.

With Osaka being the host of Expo 2025, a northwest extension to Yumeshima (the event's planned site) opened on 19 January 2025, with long-term plans envisioning a further extension to Sakurajima north of Universal Studios Japan via Maishima Sports Island. Provisions were put in place for such an extension when the Yumesaki Tunnel between Cosmosquare and Yumeshima was built in the late-2000s, but the then-state of the artificial island at the time of the bid (with only industrial facilities and a single convenience store for the workers) meant it would have been unlikely to proceed had Osaka not won said bid.

Technology and rolling stock

Osaka Municipal Subway rolling stock use two types of propulsion systems. The vast majority of lines use trains with conventional electric motors, but the two newest lines, the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line and Imazatosuji Line, use linear motor-powered trains, which allow them to use smaller trains and tunnels, reducing construction costs. These two lines have half-height automatic platform gates installed at all station platforms, as does the Sennichimae Line, the Midosuji Line, and the Sakaisuji Line.

Also, unlike most other rapid transit networks in Japan (but like the preceding Tokyo Metro Ginza Line he only rapid transit line in Asia at the time and the subsequent Marunouchi line, the early lines in Nagoya and the Blue line in Yokohama), most Osaka subway lines use a third rail electrification system for trains. Only three lines use overhead catenary: the Sakaisuji Line, to accommodate through services on Hankyu trackage; and the linear-motor Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi and Imazatosuji Lines. Also unusually, all lines use standard gauge; there are no narrow gauge sections of track due to the network being almost entirely self-enclosed (although Kyoto and Kobe also have entirely standard gauge metros with through services to private railways).

Conventional motored

* 21 series (" New 20 series"): Midōsuji Line
* 22 series ("New 20 series"): Tanimachi Line
* 23 series ("New 20 series"): Yotsubashi Line
* 24 series ("New 20 series"): Chūō Line
* 25 series ("New 20 series"): Sennichimae Line
* 66 series: Sakaisuji Line
* 400 series: Chūō Line
* 30000 series: Tanimachi Line, Midōsuji Line, Chūō Line (30000A series)

Linear motored

* 70 series: Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line
* 80 series: Imazatosuji Line, Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line

Fares

Osaka Metro charges five types of fares for single rides, based on the distance traveled in each journey. Some discount fares exist.

Incidents

On April 8, 1970, a gas explosion occurred during an expansion of the Tanimachi Line at Tenjimbashisuji Rokuchōme Station, killing 79 people and injuring 420. The gas leaked out from a detached joint and filled the tunnel and exploded when a service vehicle's engine sparked over leaking gas, creating a fire column over tall that burned around 30 buildings and damaged or destroyed a total of 495 buildings.

Network map

Trivia about Osaka metro

* The Osaka Metro has through service on certain lines, which means that trains from one railway operator directly run onto Osaka Metro tracks (and vice versa) without requiring passengers to change trains at the connecting station. Here are some examples: Midosuji Line, Chuo Line and Sakaisuji Line.
* The Midosuji Line primary utilizes 10-car train sets are essential to handle the consistently high passenger volume
* The Sakaisuji Line is unique in that the 8-car train sets used on the Osaka Metro line are very similar to those operated by the Hankyu Railway.
* The Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line and the Imazatosuji Line were the first subway lines in Japan to utilize linear motor propulsion. This technology allows for more compact tunnels and smoother acceleration and deceleration, making them distinct from the other lines.
* Like Osaka metro does not have a direct through service are Tanimachi line, Yotsubashi line, Sennichimae Line, Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line and the Imazatosuji Line.
* This was where other private railway operators indirectly run onto Osaka Metro tracks are Keihan railway, Nankai railway, Hanshin railway.

See also

* Transport in Keihanshin
* List of Osaka Metro stations
* List of metro systems

References

Endnotes

Footnotes

Citations

*

External links

Osaka Metro official site (English)

Osaka Metro route map (PDF)
( Archived)

{{Rapid transit in Asia

*
Underground rapid transit in Japan
750 V DC railway electrification
1500 V DC railway electrification