November 1

Events

Pre-1600

* 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name '' Ostarrîchi'' (Austria in Old High German).
* 1009 – Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II of Córdoba in the battle of Alcolea.
* 1141 – Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with Stephen of Blois regaining the title of 'King of England'.
* 1179 – Philip II is crowned as 'King of France'.
* 1214 – The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks.
*1348 – The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".
* 1503 – Pope Julius II is elected.
*1512 – The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
* 1520 – The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage.
* 1555 – French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
* 1570 – The All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast.

1601–1900

* 1604 – William Shakespeare's tragedy ''Othello'' is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
* 1611 – Shakespeare's play ''The Tempest'' is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
* 1612 – During the Time of Troubles, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's Kitay-gorod by Russian troops under the command of Dmitry Pozharsky ( 22 October O.S.).
* 1683 – The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
* 1688 – William III of Orange sets out a second time from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England during the Glorious Revolution.
* 1755 – In Portugal, Lisbon is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing an estimated 40,000 to 60,000 people.
*1765 – The British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the Thirteen Colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.
* 1790 – Edmund Burke publishes '' Reflections on the Revolution in France'', in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.
*1800 – John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).
* 1805 – Napoleon Bonaparte invades Austria during the War of the Third Coalition.
*1814 – Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars.
* 1848 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens.
* 1861 – American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as the commander of the Union Army, replacing General Winfield Scott.
*1870 – In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
* 1893 – The Battle of Bembezi took place and was the most decisive battle won by the British in the First Matabele War of 1893.
* 1894 – Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.
* 1894 – Buffalo Bill, 15 of his Native Americans, and Annie Oakley were filmed by Thomas Edison in his Black Maria Studio in West Orange, New Jersey.
* 1896 – A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in ''National Geographic'' magazine for the first time.
*1897 – The first Library of Congress building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.
* 1897 – Italian Sport-Club Juventus is founded by a group of students of Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio.

1901–present

* 1905 – Lahti, a city in Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Grand Duke of Finland.
*1911 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
*1914 – World War I: The first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of and .
* 1914 – World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt.
* 1916 – In Russia, Pavel Milyukov delivers in the State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of Boris Stürmer.
*1918 – World War I: With a brave action carried out into the waters of the Austro-Hungarian port of Pula, two officers of the Italian Regia Marina sink with a manned torpedo the enemy battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''.
* 1918 – Malbone Street wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 102 deaths.
* 1918 – Western Ukraine separates from Austria-Hungary.
* 1922 – Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.
*1923 – The Finnish airline Aero O/Y (now Finnair) is founded.
*1928 – The ''Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet'', replaces the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet.
* 1937 – Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
*1938 – Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
* 1941 – American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
*1942 – World War II: Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory.
*1943 – World War II: The 3rd Marine Division, United States Marines, landing on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, secures a beachhead, leading that night to a naval clash at the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay.
*1944 – World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren.
*1945 – The official North Korean newspaper, '' Rodong Sinmun'', is first published under the name ''Chongro''.
*1948 – Athenagoras I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, is enthroned.
*1949 – All 55 people on board Eastern Air Lines Flight 537 are killed when the Douglas DC-4 operating the flight collides in mid-air with a Bolivian Air Force Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft over Alexandria, Virginia.
*1950 – Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman at Blair House.
*1951 – Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred United States Army soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary.
*1952 – Nuclear weapons testing: The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent.
*1954 – The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence.
* 1955 – The establishment of a Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict.
* 1955 – The bombing of United Air Lines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner.
*1956 – The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala. Delhi was established as a union territory.
* 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: Imre Nagy announces Hungary's neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. Soviet troops begin to re-enter Hungary, contrary to assurances by the Soviet government. János Kádár and Ferenc Münnich secretly defect to the Soviets.
* 1956 – The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
*1957 – The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas.
*1963 – The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
* 1963 – The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins.
*1968 – The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
*1970 – Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people.
*1973 – Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
* 1973 – The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu.
* 1976 – Burundian president Michel Micombero is deposed in a bloodless military coup d'état by deputy Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.
*1979 – In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Wálter Guevara.
* 1979 – Griselda Álvarez becomes the first female governor of a state of Mexico.
*1981 – Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom.
* 1982 – Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio; a Honda Accord is the first car produced there.
*1984 – After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, anti-Sikh riots erupt.
*1987 – British Rail Class 43 (HST) hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors.
*1991 – President of the Chechen Republic Dzhokhar Dudayev declares sovereignty of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from the Russian Federation.
*1993 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.
*2000 – Chhattisgarh officially becomes the 26th state of India, formed from sixteen districts of eastern Madhya Pradesh.
* 2000 – Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations.
*2001 – Turkey, Australia, and Canada agree to commit troops to the invasion of Afghanistan.
*2009 – An Ilyushin Il-76 crashes near the Mir mine after takeoff from Mirny Airport in Yakutia, killing all 11 aboard.
*2011 – Mario Draghi succeeds Jean-Claude Trichet and becomes the third president of the European Central Bank.
*2012 – A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.
*2024 – A concrete canopy collapses at the Novi Sad railway station, killing 14 people and injuring 3.

Births

Pre-1600

* 846 – Louis the Stammerer, Frankish king (died 879)
*1339 – Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (died 1365)
* 1351 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (died 1386)
* 1419 – Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (died 1485)
* 1498 – Giovanni Ricci, Italian cardinal (died 1574)
* 1499 – Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble (died 1512)
* 1522 – Andrew Corbet, English landowner and politician (died 1578)
*1526 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John III of Sweden (died 1583)
*1527 – William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, English noble and politician (died 1597)
* 1530 – Étienne de La Boétie, French philosopher and judge (died 1563)
*1539 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (died 1596)
* 1550 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (died 1585)
* 1567 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (died 1626)
* 1585 – Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (died 1652)
* 1596 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter (died 1669)

1601–1900

* 1607 – Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, German poet and translator (died 1658)
*1609 – Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (died 1676)
* 1611 – François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-French commander (died 1656)
*1625 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (died 1681)
* 1636 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (died 1711)
* 1643 – John Strype, English priest, historian, and author (died 1737)
*1661 – Florent Carton Dancourt, French actor and playwright (died 1725)
* 1661 – Louis, Grand Dauphin, heir apparent to the throne of France (died 1711)
*1666 – James Sherard, English botanist and curator (died 1738)
* 1720 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (died 1791)
* 1727 – Ivan Shuvalov, Russian art collector and philanthropist (died 1797)
*1752 – Józef Zajączek, Polish general, politician (died 1826)
* 1757 – Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor and educator (died 1822)
*1762 – Spencer Perceval, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1812)
*1769 – Garlieb Merkel, German author and activist (died 1850)
*1778 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (died 1837)
*1782 – F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1859)
* 1808 – John Taylor, English-American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (died 1887)
* 1831 – Harry Atkinson, English-New Zealand politician, 10th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1892)
* 1838 – 11th Dalai Lama (died 1856)
* 1839 – Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 227th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (died 1919)
* 1847 – Emma Albani, Canadian-English soprano and actress (died 1930)
* 1847 – Hiệp Hòa, Vietnamese emperor (died 1883)
* 1848 – Caroline Still Anderson, American physician, educator and abolitionist (died 1919)
* 1848 – Jules Bastien-Lepage, French painter (died 1884)
*1849 – William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (died 1916)
* 1859 – Charles Brantley Aycock, American educator, lawyer, and politician, 50th Governor of North Carolina (died 1912)
*1862 – Johan Wagenaar, Dutch organist and composer (died 1941)
*1864 – Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (died 1918)
* 1871 – Stephen Crane, American poet, novelist, and short story writer (died 1900)
*1872 – Louis Dewis, Belgian-French painter (died 1946)
*1877 – Roger Quilter, English composer (died 1953)
*1878 – Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter and educator (died 1925)
* 1878 – Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Argentinian academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1959)
*1880 – Sholem Asch, Polish-American author and playwright (died 1957)
* 1880 – Grantland Rice, American journalist and poet (died 1954)
* 1880 – Alfred Wegener, German meteorologist and geophysicist (died 1930)
* 1881 – Perikles Ioannidis, Greek admiral (died 1965)
*1886 – Hermann Broch, Austrian-American author and poet (died 1951)
* 1886 – Sakutarō Hagiwara, Japanese poet and critic (died 1942)
* 1887 – L.S. Lowry, English painter and illustrator (died 1976)
* 1888 – George Kenner, German-American painter and illustrator (died 1971)
* 1888 – Michał Sopoćko, Polish cleric and academic (died 1975)
* 1889 – Hannah Höch, German painter and photographer (died 1978)
* 1889 – Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, English academic and politician, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1982)
* 1896 – Edmund Blunden, English author, poet, and critic (died 1974)
*1898 – Arthur Legat, Belgian race car driver (died 1960)
* 1898 – Sippie Wallace, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1986)

1901–present

* 1902 – Nordahl Grieg, Norwegian journalist, author, poet, and playwright (died 1943)
* 1902 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (died 1987)
* 1903 – Max Adrian, Irish-born British actor (died 1973)
* 1903 – Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (died 1963)
* 1904 – Laura LaPlante, American silent film actress (died 1996)
* 1905 – Paul-Émile Borduas, Canadian-French painter and educator (died 1960)
*1906 – Johnny Indrisano, American boxer (died 1968)
*1907 – Maxie Rosenbloom, American boxer (died 1976)
* 1909 – Hans Mork, South African-Australian rugby league player (died 1960)
*1911 – Mingun Sayadaw

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