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Chechen Republic Of Ichkeria
The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ( ; ; ; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI"), known simply as Ichkeria, was a ''de facto'' State (polity), state that controlled most of the former Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Checheno-Ingush ASSR from 1991 to 2000 and has been a government-in-exile since. In September–October 1991, supporters of Dzhokhar Dudayev seized power in Chechnya in the Chechen Revolution. Dudayev was subsequently elected as Chechnya's President and in this new position, he Declaration of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic, proclaimed Chechnya's independence from Russia. The move was welcomed by Georgia's President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who was one of the first to congratulate Dudayev with victory and attended his inauguration as president in Grozny. While Chechnya did not receive backing from the international community, it received support and attention from Georgia, which became its only gateway to the outside world that was not controlled by Mosc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics
An Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR, ) was a type of Subdivisions of the Soviet Union, administrative unit in the Soviet Union (USSR), created for certain Demographics of the Soviet Union#Ethnic groups, ethnic groups to be the titular nations of. The ASSRs had a status lower than the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, union republics of the USSR, but higher than the Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union, autonomous oblasts and the autonomous okrugs of the Soviet Union, autonomous okrugs. In the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, for example, Chairmen of the Government of the ASSRs were officially members of the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR, Government of the RSFSR. Unlike the union republics, the autonomous republics only had the right to disaffiliate themselves from the Union when the union republic containing them did so, as well as to choose to stay with the Union separately from them. The level of political, administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev
Zelimkhan Abdulmuslimovich Yandarbiyev (, romanized: ''Yandarbiev Abdulmusliman-khant Zelimxan''; , also spelled Yandarbin; 12 September 1952 – 13 February 2004) was a Chechen writer and politician who was the second president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria between 1996 and 1997. In 2004, Yandarbiyev was assassinated while he was on a mission to obtain recognition of the Chechen Republic by Qatar. Life Yandarbiyev was originally a literary scholar, poet, and children's literature writer, having studied at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow and co-founding a clandestine literature club which would eventually be banned by the Soviet authorities. Years later, Yandarbiyev became a leader in the Chechen nationalist movement as the Soviet Union began to collapse. In July 1989, he founded the Bart (Unity) Party, a democratic party that promoted the unity of Caucasian ethnic groups against Russian imperialism and terrorism. In May 1990, he founded and led the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Chechen War
Names The Second Chechen War is also known as the Second Chechen Campaign () or the Second Russian Invasion of Chechnya from the Chechens, Chechen insurgents' point of view.Федеральный закон № 5-ФЗ от 12 января 1995 (в редакции от 27 ноября 2002) "О ветеранах" Historical basis of the conflict Russian Empire Chechnya is an area in the North Caucasus, Northern Caucasus which has constantly fought against foreign rule, including the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century. The Russian Terek Cossacks, Terek Cossack Host was established in lowland Chechnya in 1577 by free Cossacks who were resettled from the Volga to the Terek River. In 1783, the Russian Empire and the Georgia (country), Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, under which Kartli-Kakheti became a Russian protectorate. To secure communications with Georgia (country), Georgia and other regions of the Transcaucasia, the Russian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty
Events The 1997 agreement was preceded by the Khasavyurt Accord signed by Maskhadov, then the chief of staff of Chechen separatist forces, and the Russian general Alexander Lebed on 30 August 1996, which had formally ended the war in Chechnya with the withdrawal of all federal forces and administration, and thus the return to uneasy status quo of 1991–1994. During the often-tense subsequent talks, the Russian negotiating team was headed by Ivan Rybkin, Lebed's replacement in the post of chief negotiator, and Boris Berezovsky (businessman), Boris Berezovsky and their Chechen counterparts Movladi Udugov and Akhmed Zakayev. In January 1997, Russia officially recognized the new Chechen government of president Maskhadov, paving the way for his meeting with Yeltsin. Shortly before flying off to Moscow, Maskhadov persuaded a renegade commander Salman Raduyev to cease his agitation and provocations against Russia. In the short treaty the two sides agreed to reject "forever" the use o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Chechen War
The First Chechen War, also referred to as the First Russo-Chechen War, was a struggle for independence waged by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria against the invading Russia, Russian Federation from 1994 to 1996. After a mutually agreed on treaty and terms, the Russians withdrew until they invaded again three years later, in the Second Chechen War of 1999–2000. During the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991, Chechnya came under the control of a secessionist regime led by Dzhokhar Dudayev. Russian president Boris Yeltsin supported anti-Dudayev militias until 1994, when he launched a military operation to "establish constitutional order in Chechnya". Thousands of Chechen civilians were killed in aerial bombings and urban warfare before Battle of Grozny (1994–1995), Grozny was captured in March 1995, but a Russian victory was denied as efforts to establish control over the remaining lowlands and mountainous regions of Chechnya were met with fierce resistance and frequent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declaration Of Sovereignty Of The Chechen Republic
The Decree of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic () was a formal declaration of independence for the Checheno-Ingush ASSR. Between 1991 and 2000 Chechnya was ''de facto'' an independent state as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The declaration was issued on 1 November 1991, by the head of the All-National Congress of the Chechen People, Dzokhar Dudayev. Background Revolt On 7 September 1991, the NCChP National Guard seized government buildings and the radio and television center of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR. The storming caused the death of the Grozny Soviet Communist Party chief Vitali Kutsenko, who was either thrown out of a window or fell trying to escape during a supreme soviet session that effectively dissolved the government of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. Referendum Prior to the decree an independence referendum was held on October 27, 1991, which drew 72% of the populace to vote and over 90% of voters approving, meaning at least 64% of the populace approved independence. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chechen Revolution
The Chechen Revolution was a series of anti-government protests in the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic against the local Communist Party officials. The event occurred during the Dissolution of the Soviet Union and was brought by the failed 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev intended to save the Union from collapse. While the coup was opposed by many union republics, including Russia, local Soviet Chechen leadership was seen as supporting the coup, which triggered demonstrations and calls to resign from anti-Soviet and nationalist opposition led by All-National Congress of the Chechen People and its chairman Dzhokhar Dudayev. Russian leader Boris Yeltsin, who played the crucial role in the failure of the coup and subsequently emerged as a dominant leader, also turned against the local Soviet Chechen leadership of Doku Zavgayev. The chain of events led to the collapse of Zavgayev's autho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government-in-exile
A government-in-exile (GiE) is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a sovereign state or semi-sovereign state, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usually plan to one day return to their native country and regain formal power. A government in exile differs from a rump state in the sense that the latter controls at least part of its remaining territory. For example, during World War I, nearly all of Belgium was occupied by Germany, but Belgium and its allies held on to a small slice in the country's west. A government in exile, in contrast, has lost all its territory. However, in practice, the distinction may be unclear; in the above example, the Belgian government at Sainte-Adresse was located in French territory and acted as a government in exile for most practical purposes. Governments-in-exile and associated organisations employ strategies such as investigative reporting and diasp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of The USSR
Dissolution may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Dissolution'', a 2002 novel by Richard Lee Byers in the War of the Spider Queen series * Dissolution (Sansom novel), ''Dissolution'' (Sansom novel), by C. J. Sansom, 2003 * Dissolution (Binge novel), ''Dissolution'' (Binge novel), by Nicholas Binge, 2025 * Dissolution (Olivia Block album), ''Dissolution'' (Olivia Block album), 2016 * Dissolution (The Pineapple Thief album), ''Dissolution'' (The Pineapple Thief album), 2018 * "Dissolution", a 2001 TV episode of ''Spaced'' Politics and law * Dissolution (politics), when a state or institution ceases to exist ** Dissolution of parliament *** Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom * Dissolution (law), any of several events that terminate a legal entity such as a marriage, adoption, corporation, or union * Dissolution of the Monasteries, in England, Wales and Ireland 1536–1541 Other uses * Dissolution (chemistry), or solvation, the interaction of a solvent with dissolv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Chechen Republic Of Ichkeria ...
The Parliament of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria was the legislative body of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The last elections for the 63 seats took place in 1997. The Parliament has been in exile since the Second Chechen War. Speakers Parliamentary elections in Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, 1997 The elections were held at 27 January and 15 February 1997. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Parliament of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Chechnya Politics of Chechnya Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Chechnya Chechnya Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The republic forms a part of the North Caucasian Federa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhmed Zakayev
Akhmed Halidovich Zakayev (; ; born 26 April 1959) is a Chechen statesman, political and military figure of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (ChRI). Having previously been a Deputy Prime Minister, he now serves as Prime Minister of the ChRI government-in-exile. He was also the Foreign Minister of the Ichkerian government, appointed by Aslan Maskhadov shortly after his 1997 election, and again in 2006 by Abdul Halim Sadulayev. An active participant in the Russo-Chechen wars, Zakayev took part in the battles for Grozny and the defense of Goyskoye, along with other military operations, as well as in high-level negotiations with the Russian side. In 2002, Russia accused him, by then in exile, of having been involved in a series of crimes including involvement in acts of terrorism.UK actress defends Chechen rebel [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Ichkeria
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, or , involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order. The property of being prime is called primality. A simple but slow method of checking the primality of a given number , called trial division, tests whether is a multiple of any integer between 2 and . Faster algorithms include the Miller–Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small chance of error, and the AKS primality test, which always produce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
