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1419
Year 1419 ( MCDXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 19 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, which brings Normandy under the control of England. * February 11 – At Zaranj in what is now Afghanistan, Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Qutb al-Din becomes the new malik (monarch) of Sistan upon the death of his father, Qutb al-Din Muhammad ibn Shams al-Din Shah 'Ali. * February 13 – The University of Rostock is established in Germany by Albert V, Duke of Mecklenburg following approval in a papal bull from Pope Martin V. * March 14 – Braccio da Montone is awarded Governorship of Bologna by Pope Martin V in recognition of his ouster of Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio. * March 19 – (26 Muharram 822 AH) Sultan al-Malik al-Nāsir of Yemen presents a set of Yemeni gifts for the Chinese envoy to Aden to take back to China's Emperor Cheng Zu, after having received gifts from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Treasure Ship
A Chinese treasure ship (, literally "gem ship") is a type of large wooden Chinese junk in the fleet of admiral Zheng He, who led Treasure voyages, seven voyages during the early 15th-century Ming dynasty. The size of the treasure ships, the largest ships in Zheng He's fleet, has been a subject of much controversy, with some old Chinese records mentioning the size of 44 ''zhang'' or 44.4 ''zhang'', which has been interpreted by some modern scholars as over in length, while others have stated that Zheng He's largest ship was around or less. Accounts Chinese According to the ' (1658), the first voyage consisted of 63 treasure ships crewed by 27,870 men. The ''History of Ming'' (1739) credits the first voyage with 62 treasure ships crewed by 27,800 men. A Zheng He era inscription in the Jinghai Temple in Nanjing gave the size of Zheng He ships in 1405 as 2,000 liao (500 tons), but did not give the number of ships. Alongside the treasures were also another 255 ships according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Rostock
The University of Rostock () is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area, and 8th oldest in Central Europe. It was the 5th university established in the Holy Roman Empire. The university has been associated with three Nobel laureates: Albrecht Kossel, Karl von Frisch and Otto Stern. It is a member of the European University Association. According to a ranking published by ''Times Higher Education'' in 2018, it is the most beautiful university in Germany and the fourth most beautiful university in all of Europe. The language of instruction is usually German, and English for some postgraduate studies. History 1419–1919 The university was founded in 1419 by confirmation of Pope Martin V and thus is one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe. In Germany, there are only five universities that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy of Aquitaine and was triggered by English claims to the French throne, a claim to the French throne made by Edward III of England. The war grew into a broader military, economic, and political struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides. The periodisation of the war typically charts it as taking place over 116 years. However, it was an intermittent conflict which was frequently interrupted by external factors, such as the Black Death, and several years of truces. The Hundred Years' War was a significant conflict in the Middle Ages. During the war, five generations of kings from two rival Dynasty, dynasties fought for the throne of France, then the wealthiest and most populous kingd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V (; ; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Oddone Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism of 1378–1417. As of 2025, he remains the last pope to have taken the pontifical name "Martin". Biography Oddone Colonna was born between 26 January and 20 February 1369 at Genazzano, the son of Agapito Colonna, Lord of Genazzano, Capranica Prenestina, San Vito and Ciciliano from 1374, who died after 23 May 1398, and wife Caterina Conti. He belonged to one of the oldest and most distinguished families of Rome. His brother Giordano, Lord of Genazzano, Capranica Prenestina, San Vito and Ciciliano, a Neapolitan General, Patrician of Naples in 1417, was shortly Prince of Salerno and Duke of Venosa from 3 August 1419, dying of plague on 16 August 1422, having married Mascia Annibaldi, who died in 1423, without issue, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Al-Din Muhammad Ibn Shams Al-Din Shah 'Ali
Qutb al-Din Muhammad (c. 1366 – February 11, 1419) was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1403 until his death. He was the son of Shams al-Din Shah 'Ali. Biography Qutb al-Din's father had served as the malik Shah-i Shahan's representative in Sistan during the latter's absence while campaigning with Timur. After Shams al-Din Shah 'Ali's death Qutb al-Din was selected by the malik as his replacement. Both Shah-i Shahan and Qutb al-Din participated in Timur's campaign against the Ottomans in 1402; on the return journey Shah-i Shahan died and Timur appointed Qutb al-Din as his successor. After assuming the governorship of Sistan, Qutb al-Din handed out the governorship of several towns to other Mihrabanids, at the same time initiating a purge amongst the Mihrabanid ranks by executing several family members he considered troublesome. In 1405 he was summoned by Timur, who was preparing to invade China, to Otrar. At the head of an army of Sistan, Qutb al-Din marched north, but at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry V Of England
Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King of England from 1413 until his death in 1422. Despite his relatively short reign, Henry's outstanding military successes in the Hundred Years' War against Kingdom of France, France made Kingdom of England, England one of the strongest military powers in Europe. Immortalised in Shakespeare's "Henriad" plays, Henry is known and celebrated as one of the greatest warrior-kings of medieval England. Henry of Monmouth, the eldest son of Henry IV of England, Henry IV, became heir apparent and Prince of Wales after his father seized the throne in 1399. During the reign of his father, the young Prince Henry gained military experience fighting the Welsh during the Welsh Revolt, revolt of Owain Glyndŵr, and against the powerful Percy family of Northumberland. He played a central part at the Battle of Shrewsbury despite being just sixteen years of age. As he entered adulthood, Henry played an increasing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shams Al-Din 'Ali Ibn Qutb Al-Din
Shams al-Din 'Ali (born c. 1387; died 1438 or 1439) was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1419 until his death. He was the son of Qutb al-Din Muhammad. Biography During his father's lifetime, Shams al-Din 'Ali entered the service of the Timurid Shah Rukh as a military commander. In 1414–15 he led the Mihrabanid army and assisted Shah Rukh's forces in putting down a rebellion in Fars. He was also active at home, putting down a revolt in northern Sistan against Mihrabanid authority. When Qutb al-Din died in February 1419 the Mihrabanids and the amirs of Sistan decided to proclaim Shams al-Din as his successor. Shams al-Din traveled to Shah Rukh's court and was confirmed as malik of Sistan. In 1420 the Timurid summoned him to assist in a campaign against the Qara Qoyunlu Turkmen. Shah Rukh defeated the army of the Turkmen leader Qara Iskander and occupied Azerbaijan and Armenia in 1421. Shams al-Din was named governor of Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central Distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouen
Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine, in northwestern France. It is in the prefecture of Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, the population of the metropolitan area () is 702,945 (2018). People from Rouen are known as ''Rouennais''. Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy during the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman and Angevin kings of England, Angevin dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th to the 15th centuries. From the 13th century onwards, the city experienced a remarkable economic boom, thanks in particular to the development of textile factories and river trade. Claimed by both the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War, it was on its soil that Joan of Arc was tried and burned alive on 30 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Year Starting On Sunday
A common year starting on Sunday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Sunday, January 1, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, December 31, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is A. The most recent year of such kind was 2023, and the next one will be 2034 in the Gregorian calendar, or, likewise, 2018 and 2029 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see #Applicable years, below for more. Any common year that starts on a Sunday has two Friday the 13ths: those two in this common year January 13, occur in January and October 13, October. This year has four months (January, April, July and October) which begin on a weekend-day. Calendars Applicable years Gregorian Calendar In the (currently used) Gregorian calendar, alongside Common year starting on Monday, Monday, Common year starting on Wednesday, Wednesday, Common year starting on Friday, Friday or Common year starting on Saturday, Saturday, the fourteen types of year (seven common, seven leap) repeat in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 14
Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne, during the French Wars of Religion. 1601–1900 * 1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. * 1663 – According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book ''Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio'', detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of electrostatic repulsion. * 1674 – The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship ''Wapen van Rotterdam'' being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers. * 1757 – Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard for brea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 19
Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender after a forty-day siege led by Tang dynasty general Ashina She'er, establishing Tang control over the northern Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. * 1419 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, completing his reconquest of Normandy. * 1511 – The Italian Duchy of Mirandola surrenders to the Pope. * 1520 – Sten Sture the Younger, the Regent of Sweden, is mortally wounded at the Battle of Bogesund and dies on February 3. 1601–1900 * 1607 – San Agustin Church in Manila is officially completed; it is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines. * 1639 – Hämeenlinna () is granted privileges after it separated from the Vanaja parish as its own city in Tavastia. * 1764 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
