''Metalysinibacillus'' is a genus of

Gram-positive In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. The Gram stain is ...

rod-shaped bacteria in the family

Caryophanaceae The ''Caryophanaceae'' is a family of Gram-positive bacteria. In 2020, the now defunct family ''Planococcaceae'' was merged into ''Caryophanaceae'' to rectify a nomenclature anomaly. The type genus of this family is ''Caryophanon.'' The family ' ...

from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is ''Metalysinibacillus jejuensis.'' Members of ''Metalysinibacillus'' are previously species belonging to ''

Lysinibacillus ''Lysinibacillus'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae. Members of this genus, in contrast to the type species of the genus ''Bacillus'', contains peptidoglycan with lysine, aspartic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. Phylogeny ...

.'' Instead of branching with species from ''Lysinibacillus'', these two species formed a monophyletic branch in various phylogenetic trees constructed based on conserved genome sequences, indicating their phylogenetic relatedness. The family

encompassed many branching anomalies such as this one, partially due to the reliance on 16S rRNA sequences as a method for classification, which is known to have low resolution power and give differing results depending on the algorithm used. In 2020, a comparative genomic study emended the family, resulting in the establishment of three new genera, including ''Metalysinibacillus''. The name ''Metalysinibacillus'' is derived from the Greek adjective ''meta'', translating into "besides" and the Latin term ''

'', referring the genus name. Together, ''Metalysinibacillus'' can be translated as a genus besides ''Lysinibacillus''.

Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures

Source: Members of this genus are

aerobic Aerobic means "requiring air," in which "air" usually means oxygen. Aerobic may also refer to * Aerobic exercise, prolonged exercise of moderate intensity * Aerobics, a form of aerobic exercise * Aerobic respiration, the aerobic process of cellu ...

and endospore-forming. ''Metalysinibacillus'' grows optimally in temperatures in the range of 30–37°C. Some species are reported to be positive for catalase and

Voges–Proskauer test Voges–Proskauer or VP is a test used to detect acetoin in a bacterial broth culture. The test is performed by adding alpha-naphthol and potassium hydroxide to the Voges-Proskauer broth, which is a glucose-phosphate broth that has been inocula ...

s. Analyses of genome sequences from ''Metalysinibacillus'' species identified 17

conserved signature indels Conserved signature inserts and deletions (CSIs) in protein sequences provide an important category of molecular markers for understanding phylogenetic relationships. CSIs, brought about by rare genetic changes, provide useful phylogenetic markers ...

(CSIs) that are specific for this genus in the following proteins: arginine-binding extracellular protein ArtP precursor, oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, putative hydrolase MhqD, helix-turn-helix transcriptional regulator, tRNA preQ1(34)S-adenosylmethionine ribosyltransferase-isomerase QueA,

DNA primase DNA primase is an enzyme involved in the replication of DNA and is a type of RNA polymerase. Primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA (or DNA in some living organisms) segment called a primer complementary to a ssDNA (single-stranded ...

, FMN reductase (NADPH), UvrABC system protein C, sensor

histidine kinase Histidine kinases (HK) are multifunctional, and in non-animal kingdoms, typically transmembrane, proteins of the transferase class of enzymes that play a role in signal transduction across the cellular membrane. The vast majority of HKs are ho ...

YycG, hypothetical proteins, ribonuclease Y, cell division protein FtsA, ABC transporter ATP- binding protein YtrB, cysteine–tRNA ligase,

coproporphyrinogen III oxidase Coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase, mitochondrial (abbreviated as CPOX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CPOX'' gene. A genetic defect in the enzyme results in a reduced production of heme in animals. The medical condition associated w ...

, and PBP1A family penicillin-binding protein. These molecular signatures provide a reliable method of identification and differentiation of ''Metalysinibacillus'' species from other genera in the family ''Caryophanaceae'' and all other bacteria.

Taxonomy

''Metalysinibacillus'', as of 2021, contains one species with a validly published name. This genus was identified as a

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

clade and phylogenetically unrelated to other species in the family ''Caryophanaceae'' in studies examining the taxonomic relationships within the family. There is one other species that is non-validly published, but are considered to be a member of this genus due to shared molecular markers and grouping on phylogenetic trees with the type species.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclatu ...

(LPSN) and

National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is lo ...

(NCBI)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q107299021 Bacillales Bacteria genera

Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

See also

References