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Leiyang () is a
county-level city A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local or ...
and the third most populous county-level division in
Hunan Province Hunan is an inland province in Central China. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong and Guangxi to the south, and Guizhou and Chon ...
, China. Leiyang is under the administration of the
prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...
of
Hengyang Hengyang (; ) is the second largest city of Hunan Province, China. It straddles the Xiang River about south of the provincial capital of Changsha. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Its total population was 6,645,243 inhabitants, of whom 1,290,71 ...
. Located on the south of the province, the city is bordered to the north by
Hengnan County Hengnan County () is a county located in the south of Hengyang, Hengyang prefecture-level city, Hunan, Hunan province, China. It was established in 1952 and named after the ''south of Mount Heng (Hunan), Mount Heng''. The county has an area of wi ...
, to the west by Changning City, to the south by
Guiyang Guiyang; Mandarin pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, alternatively as Kweiyang is the capital of Guizhou, Guizhou province in China. It is centrally located within the province, on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, eastern part of the Yun ...
and Yongxing counties, and to the east by Anren County. Leiyang City covers with a registered population of 1,413,913 and resident population of 1,150,241 (as of the 2010 census). The city has six subdistricts, 19
towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...
and five townships under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Caizichi Subdistrict.


History

Leiyang is the hometown of
Cai Lun Cai Lun ( zh, s=蔡伦; courtesy name: Jingzhong ( zh, labels=no, t=敬仲, s=敬仲); – 121 CE), formerly romanization of Chinese, romanized as Ts'ai Lun, was a Eunuchs in China, Chinese eunuch court official of the Eastern Han dynasty. H ...
, the inventor of papermaking technology, one of the Four Great Inventions. It has more than 2,000 years of history as an ancient city named after the north of Lei River.
Archaeological excavation In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains. An excavation site or "dig" is the area being studied. These locations range from one to several areas at a time during a project and can be condu ...
proved that as early as the
Neolithic Age The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wid ...
, people have lived in the territory of Leiyang. Until Leiyang was built as a division, it was a part of
Jingzhou Jingzhou ( zh, s=, c=荆州, t=, p=Jīngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei province, China, located on the banks of the Yangtze River. Its total residential population was 5,231,180 based on the Seventh National Population Censu ...
, one of the
Nine Provinces The term Nine Provinces or Nine Regions (), is used in ancient Chinese histories to refer to territorial divisions or islands during the Xia dynasty, Xia and Shang dynasty, Shang dynasties and has now come to symbolically represent China. "Pro ...
before the
Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period () was a period in History of China, Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject t ...
and a part of Chu State in the
Warring States period The Warring States period in history of China, Chinese history (221 BC) comprises the final two and a half centuries of the Zhou dynasty (256 BC), which were characterized by frequent warfare, bureaucratic and military reforms, and ...
. In the 26th year of the reign of
Qin Shi Huang Qin Shi Huang (, ; February 25912 July 210 BC), born Ying Zheng () or Zhao Zheng (), was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China. He is widely regarded as the first ever supreme leader of a unitary state, unitary d ...
(221 BC), Lei County () was formed and took its name after the Lei River, it was part of Changsha Commandery (). Dividing Changsha Commandery into Changsha State and Guiyang Commandery (; not to be confused with present-day Guiyang County) in 202 BC, Guiyang Commandery was formed from the southern portion of Changsha Commandery, the county of Lei was renamed to Leiyang and part of Guiyang Commandery. In the
Three Kingdoms period The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from AD 220 to 280 following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Western Jin dynasty. Academically, the ...
(220–280 AD), Leiyang was the territory of the Wu state. In 257 AD, the county of Leiyang was divided into four counties, that the two counties of Xinping () and Xinning () were located on the western side of Chongling River, and the two counties of Leiyang and Liyang () on the eastern side of Chongling River and western bank of Lei River. The three counties of Xinping, Xinning and Liyang were located in Xiangdong Commandery () and the county of Leiyang in Guiyang Commandery. In 395 AD, the county of Liyang was merged to Leiyang. The county of Leiyang was renamed to Leiyin () in 589 and restored the name of Leiyang in 621. In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960 AD), Leiyang was the territory of the Machu State. The county of Leiyang was renamed to Laiyang () during the
Song dynasty The Song dynasty ( ) was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Fiv ...
and restored the name during the
Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...
. In November 1986, the county of Leiyang was reorganized as a county-level city.History of Leiyang / 耒阳历史沿
leiyang.gov
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Geography


Climate


Culture

According to the
historical novel Historical fiction is a literary genre in which a fictional plot takes place in the setting of particular real historical events. Although the term is commonly used as a synonym for historical fiction literature, it can also be applied to oth ...
''
Romance of the Three Kingdoms ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' () is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. It is set in the turbulent years towards the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history, starting in 184 AD and ...
'',
Pang Tong Pang Tong () (179–214), courtesy name Shiyuan, was a Chinese politician who served as a key adviser to the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In his youth, Pang Tong was disregarded because he was plain-looking. The herm ...
was chosen as magistrate of Leiyang by
Liu Bei Liu Bei (, ; ; 161 – 10 June 223), courtesy name Xuande (), was a China, Chinese warlord in the late Han dynasty#Eastern Han, Eastern Han dynasty who later became the founding Emperor of China, emperor of Shu Han, one of the Three Kingdoms of ...
. After three years he had failed to fulfill the duties of his office. Many were upset by his failure and appealed to Liu Bei. Liu Bei sent
Zhang Fei Zhang Fei () (; died July or August 221 AD), courtesy name Yide (益德), was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Han dynasty#Eastern Han, Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period ...
, his sworn brother, to Leiyang to investigate. Before Zhang Fei arrived, Pang Tong, who knew that Zhang Fei loved wine, ordered that all wine must be diluted with water. Once Zhang Fei arrived, true to his reputation, he consumed copious amounts of wine, but wondered why he never became drunk. He realized what was going on and became very angry with Pang Tong. In order to appease Zhang Fei, Pang Tong agreed to finish the three years worth of backlogged cases within three days, which he did. For this, Pang Tong was promoted by Liu Bei and to honor the occasion, a special wine was created, now known as Zhang Fei Wine. In 1928, according to the biography of
Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; traditionally Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Mao Tse-tung. (26December 18939September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in ...
by Jung Chang and John Halliday, Leiyang, along with neighboring
Chenzhou Chenzhou () is a prefecture-level city located in the south of Hunan province, China, bordering the provinces of Jiangxi to the east and Guangdong to the south. Its administrative area covers , 9.2% of the provincial area, and its total populatio ...
was razed by troops under the command of
Zhu De Zhu De; (1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976) was a Chinese general, military strategist, politician and revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Zhu was born into poverty in 1886 in Sichuan. He was adopted by a wealthy uncle at ...
, who was following directives which originated in
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
and passed on by higher officials of the
Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...
. The strategy was to leave large numbers of peasants with no option but to join communist uprisings.


Language

Leiyangers speak a dialect resembling
Gan Chinese Gan, Gann or Kan is a group of Sinitic languages spoken natively by many people in the Jiangxi province of China, as well as significant populations in surrounding regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian. Gan is a member of the Siniti ...
.


Subdivision

;6
subdistrict A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, Ind ...
s * Caizichi () * Sanjia () * Shuidongjiang () * Wulipai () * Yuqing () * Zaoshijie () ;19
town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...
s * Daozi () *
Dashi is a family of stocks used in Japanese cuisine. ''Dashi'' forms the base for miso soup, clear broth soup, noodle broth soup, and many simmering liquids to accentuate the savory flavor known as umami. ''Dashi'' is also mixed into the flour b ...
() * Dayi () * Donghuxu () * Feitian () * Gongpingxu () * Huangshi () * Longtang () * Mashui () *
Nanjing Nanjing or Nanking is the capital of Jiangsu, a province in East China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of , and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yang ...
() * Nanyang () * Renyi () * Sandu () * Xiaoshui () * Xiatang () * Xinshi () * Yaotian () * Yongji () * Zheqiao () ;5
township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
s * Changping () * Dahexu () * Liangyuan () * Taipingxu () * Tanxia ()


Economy

According to preliminary accounting of the statistical authority, the gross domestic product of Leiyang City in 2017 was 47,315 million yuan (7,001 million
US dollars The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the Spanish silver dollar, divided it int ...
), up by 8.1 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the value added of the primary industry was 7,100 million yuan (1,050 million US dollars), up by 3.7 percent, that of the secondary industry was 16,321 million yuan (2,415 million US dollars), up by 3.2 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 23,894 million yuan (3,535 million US dollars), up by 13.3 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 15.01 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 34.49 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 50.50 percent. The per capita GDP in 2017 was 40,708 yuan (6,023 US dollars). Leiyang is a center of
paper Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, Textile, rags, poaceae, grasses, Feces#Other uses, herbivore dung, or other vegetable sources in water. Once the water is dra ...
production. Other raw materials produced in the area today include
kaolin Kaolinite ( ; also called kaolin) is a clay mineral, with the chemical composition Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4. It is a layered silicate mineral, with one tetrahedral sheet of silica () linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina (). ...
, white
marble Marble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO3) or Dolomite (mineral), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) that have recrystallized under the influence of heat and pressure. It has a crystalline texture, and is ty ...
, and "heavy calcium carbonate". Some of the newer large homes in Leiyang were built by drillers working in Shenzhen. By 2019, due to age and health problems such as silicosis, many of these migrant construction workers had returned to Hunan.


Industry

Territory of large reserves of kaolin, is a good paper stock. Yipo abundant coal resources, reserves of anthracite forecast close to 10 million tons. Forest fir, pine, South bamboo, tea.


Transportation

Guangzhou Railway, Leiyang Station, located stove Street neighborhood offices G4 Hong Kong and Macao Expressway, Leiyang territory of New Town, Leiyang, three high-speed intersection fair 107 State Road, north to south S320 Provincial Highway, east–west, east to Chaling, heading for Qiyang Away from Narita Airport, a military airport Leishui shipping Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail (Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated line), Leiyang West Railway Station, located west direction along the three district offices, 2009 started as a four-wire dual platform.


Leisure and entertainment

Martyrs Cemetery, Leiyang recreation center is formed spontaneously. Wuyi Square, 90s entertainment places fewer people are in the fitness and entertainment. Especially at night from seven to nine o'clock this time, so many people; build inventor and Dragon Square Plaza, the public will choose the nearest location. Fifty-one cinema, located in the center of Wuyi Road, Leiyang been the most prosperous of the lot. Du Park, located on Lei water Dongzhou, Du Fu in this drunken soldier body, buried in this (later moved to Leiyang one). Square, inventor and Dragon Square, the largest square in Leiyang. Here young people skating, skateboarding; old people doing aerobics, talk. Cai Lun Park, site of the original stage, is one of the public places of leisure and entertainment. Yanhe, countless snacks, snack stalls, karaoke. In recent years, cultural and entertainment Leiyang annual production value of nearly 50 million yuan, profits of more than 34 million yuan, paid taxes more than 1,600 yuan.


References


External links


Official website of Leiyang Government
{{County-level divisions of Hunan Cities in Hunan Hengyang