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Pre-1600

* 118
Hadrian Hadrian ( ; ; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. Hadrian was born in Italica, close to modern Seville in Spain, an Italic peoples, Italic settlement in Hispania Baetica; his branch of the Aelia gens, Aelia '' ...
, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman emperor
Theodosius I Theodosius I ( ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He won two civil wars and was instrumental in establishing the Nicene Creed as the orthodox doctrine for Nicene C ...
. *
491 __NOTOC__ Year 491 (Roman numerals, CDXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Olybrius (consul 491), Olybrius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 12 ...
Odoacer makes a night assault with his Heruli guardsmen, engaging Theoderic the Great in Ad Pinetam. Both sides suffer heavy losses, but in the end Theodoric forces Odoacer back into
Ravenna Ravenna ( ; , also ; ) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire during the 5th century until its Fall of Rome, collapse in 476, after which ...
. * 551 – A major earthquake strikes Beirut, triggering a devastating tsunami that affects the coastal towns of Byzantine Phoenicia, causing thousands of deaths. * 660 – Korean forces under general Kim Yu-sin of Silla defeat the army of
Baekje Baekje or Paekche (; ) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BCE to 660 CE. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla. While the three kingdoms were in separate existence, Baekje had the h ...
in the Battle of Hwangsanbeol. * 869 – The 8.4–9.0 Sanriku earthquake strikes the area around
Sendai is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Miyagi Prefecture and the largest city in the Tōhoku region. , the city had a population of 1,098,335 in 539,698 households, making it the List of cities in Japan, twelfth most populated city in Japan. ...
in northern
Honshu , historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the list of islands by area, seventh-largest island in the world, and the list of islands by ...
, Japan. Inundation from the tsunami extended several kilometers inland. * 969 – The
Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate (; ), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimid dynasty, Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shi'a dynasty. Spanning a large area of North Africa ...
general Jawhar leads the Friday prayer in Fustat in the name of Caliph al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, thereby symbolically completing the
Fatimid conquest of Egypt The Fatimid conquest of Egypt took place in 969 when the troops of the Fatimid Caliphate under the general Jawhar (general), Jawhar captured Medieval Egypt, Egypt, then ruled by the autonomous Ikhshidid dynasty in the name of the Abbasid Caliph ...
. * 1357Emperor Charles IV assists in laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
. * 1386 – The
Old Swiss Confederacy The Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Switzerland or the Swiss Confederacy, was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or ), initially within the Holy Roman Empire. It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerlan ...
makes great strides in establishing control over its territory by soundly defeating the
Duchy of Austria The Duchy of Austria (; ) was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the '' Privilegium Minus'', when the Margraviate of Austria ('' Ostarrîchi'') was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own ri ...
in the Battle of Sempach. * 1401Timur attacks the Jalairid Sultanate and destroys Baghdad. * 1540 – King
Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is known for his Wives of Henry VIII, six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. ...
of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife,
Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves (; 28 June or 22 September 1515 – 16 July 1557) was List of English royal consorts, Queen of England from 6 January to 12 July 1540 as the Wives of Henry VIII, fourth wife of Henry VIII. Little is known about Anne before 1527, ...
. * 1572Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs, in the Dutch town of Gorkum.


1601–1900

*
1609 Events January–March * January 12 – The Basque witch trials are started in Spain as the court of the Spanish Inquisition, Inquisition at Logroño receives a letter from the commissioner of the village of Zugarramurdi, and ...
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
is granted
freedom of religion Freedom of religion or religious liberty, also known as freedom of religion or belief (FoRB), is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice ...
through the Letter of Majesty by the Holy Roman Emperor,
Rudolf II Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the H ...
. * 1701 – A Bourbon force under Nicolas Catinat withdraws from a smaller Habsburg force under
Prince Eugene of Savoy Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy-Carignano (18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736), better known as Prince Eugene, was a distinguished Generalfeldmarschall, field marshal in the Army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty durin ...
in the Battle of Carpi. * 1745 – French victory in the Battle of Melle allows them to capture
Ghent Ghent ( ; ; historically known as ''Gaunt'' in English) is a City status in Belgium, city and a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the Provinces of Belgium, province ...
in the days after. * 1755 – The
Braddock Expedition The Braddock Expedition, also known as Braddock's Campaign or Braddock's Defeat, was a British Empire, British military expedition which attempted to capture Fort Duquesne from the French colonial empire, French in 1755 during the French and Ind ...
is soundly defeated by a smaller French and Native American force in its attempt to capture Fort Duquesne in what is now downtown Pittsburgh. *
1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Seven Years' War: Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain declares war against Enlightenment in Spain, Spain and Kingdom of Naples, Naples, following their Treaty of Paris (1761), recent alliance ...
Catherine the Great Catherine II. (born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter I ...
becomes Empress of Russia following the coup against her husband, Peter III. * 1763 – The Mozart family grand tour of Europe began, lifting the profile of son Wolfgang Amadeus. *
1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January ...
George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...
orders the
Declaration of Independence A declaration of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breaka ...
to be read out to members of the
Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies representing the Thirteen Colonies and later the United States during the American Revolutionary War. It was formed on June 14, 1775, by a resolution passed by the Second Continental Co ...
in
Manhattan Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, larg ...
, while thousands of British troops on
Staten Island Staten Island ( ) is the southernmost of the boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County and situated at the southernmost point of New York (state), New York. The borough is separated from the ad ...
prepare for the Battle of Long Island. *
1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election ...
– In
Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...
, the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution. * 1790 – The Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian Baltic fleet. *
1793 The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to ...
– The Act Against Slavery in
Upper Canada The Province of Upper Canada () was a Province, part of The Canadas, British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America, formerly part of the Province of Queb ...
bans the importation of slaves and will free those who are born into slavery after the passage of the Act at 25 years of age. *
1795 Events January–June * January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the CET records dating back to 1659. * January 14 – The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming the ...
– Financier James Swan pays off the $2,024,899 US national debt that had been accrued during the
American Revolution The American Revolution (1765–1783) was a colonial rebellion and war of independence in which the Thirteen Colonies broke from British America, British rule to form the United States of America. The revolution culminated in the American ...
. * 1807 – The second Treaty of Tilsit is signed between
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
and
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
, ending the
War of the Fourth Coalition The War of the Fourth Coalition () was a war spanning 1806–1807 that saw a multinational coalition fight against Napoleon's First French Empire, French Empire, subsequently being defeated. The main coalition partners were Kingdom of Prussia, ...
. * 1810
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire. * 1811 – Explorer David Thompson posts a sign near what is now Sacajawea State Park in
Washington state Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is often referred to as Washington State to distinguish it from the national capital, both named after George Washington ...
, claiming the
Columbia District The Columbia District was a fur-trading district in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, in both the United States and British North America in the 19th century. Much of its territory overlapped with the temporarily jointly occupi ...
for the United Kingdom. * 1815Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord becomes the first
Prime Minister of France The prime minister of France (), officially the prime minister of the French Republic (''Premier ministre de la République française''), is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of its Council of Ministers. The prime ...
. * 1816
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
declares independence from Spain. * 1821 – Four hundred and seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the
Greek War of Independence The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. In 1826, the Greeks were assisted ...
. * 1850 – U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies after eating raw fruit and iced milk; he is succeeded in office by Vice President Millard Fillmore. * 1850 – Persian prophet Báb is executed in
Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the distric ...
,
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
. * 1863
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
: The Siege of Port Hudson ends in a Union victory and, along with the fall of Vicksburg five days earlier, gives the Union complete control of the
Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...
. * 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing
African Americans African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa ...
full citizenship and all persons in the United States
due process Due process of law is application by the state of all legal rules and principles pertaining to a case so all legal rights that are owed to a person are respected. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual p ...
of law. * 1875 – The Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule begins, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans. *
1877 Events January * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act 1876, introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great Sioux War of 1876: Batt ...
– The inaugural
Wimbledon Championships The Wimbledon Championships, commonly called Wimbledon, is a tennis tournament organised by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in collaboration with the Lawn Tennis Association annually in Wimbledon, London. It is chronologically the ...
begins. * 1893Daniel Hale Williams, American heart surgeon, performs the first successful open-heart surgery in United States without anesthesia. * 1896
William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, orator, and politician. He was a dominant force in the History of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, running three times as the party' ...
delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating
bimetallism Bimetallism, also known as the bimetallic standard, is a monetary standard in which the value of the monetary unit is defined as equivalent to certain quantities of two metals, typically gold and silver, creating a fixed Exchange rate, rate of ...
at the
1896 Democratic National Convention The 1896 Democratic National Convention, held at the Chicago Coliseum from July 7 to July 11, was the scene of William Jennings Bryan's nomination as the Democratic presidential candidate for the 1896 U.S. presidential election. At age 36 ...
in
Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
. *
1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15 ...
– The
Federation of Australia The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia (which also governed what is now the Northern Territory), and Wester ...
is given
royal assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in othe ...
. * 1900 – The Governor of
Shanxi Shanxi; Chinese postal romanization, formerly romanised as Shansi is a Provinces of China, province in North China. Its capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi a ...
province in
North China North China () is a list of regions of China, geographical region of the People's Republic of China, consisting of five province-level divisions of China, provincial-level administrative divisions, namely the direct-administered municipalities ...
orders the
execution Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in ...
of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.


1901–present

*
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
– In
Nashville, Tennessee Nashville, often known as Music City, is the capital and List of municipalities in Tennessee, most populous city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the county seat, seat of Davidson County, Tennessee, Davidson County in Middle Tennessee, locat ...
, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express, killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history. * 1922Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking the world
swimming Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through water, such as saltwater or freshwater environments, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival. Swimmers achieve locomotion by coordinating limb and body movements to achieve hydrody ...
record and the 'minute barrier'. *
1926 In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the ...
Chiang Kai-shek accepts the post of commander-in-chief of the
National Revolutionary Army The National Revolutionary Army (NRA; zh, labels=no, t=國民革命軍) served as the military arm of the Kuomintang, Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) from 1924 until 1947. From 1928, it functioned as the regular army, de facto ...
, marking the beginning of the
Northern Expedition The Northern Expedition was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Kuomintang (KMT) against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926. The purpose of the campaign was to reunify China prop ...
to unite
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
under the rule of the
Nationalist government The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT ...
. *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– The state of
São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
revolts against the
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
ian Federal Government, starting the Constitutionalist Revolution. * 1937 – The silent film archives of
Fox Film Corporation The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1914 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox (producer), William Fox. It was the corporate successor to ...
are destroyed by the
1937 Fox vault fire A major fire occurred in a 20th Century-Fox film-storage facility in Little Ferry, New Jersey, United States on July 9, 1937. Flammable nitrate film had previously contributed to several fires in film-industry laboratories, studios and vaults ...
. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: The Allied invasion of Sicily begins, leading to the downfall of Mussolini and forcing
Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
to break off the Battle of Kursk. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
– World War II: American forces take Saipan, bringing the
Japanese archipelago The is an archipelago of list of islands of Japan, 14,125 islands that form the country of Japan. It extends over from the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast to the East China Sea, East China and Philippine Sea, Philippine seas in the southwest al ...
within range of
B-29 The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is a retired American four-engined Propeller (aeronautics), propeller-driven heavy bomber, designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War. Named in allusion to ...
raids, and causing the downfall of the Tojo government. * 1944 – World War II: Continuation War: Finland wins the Battle of Tali–Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in
northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other ge ...
. The
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into a defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive. * 1955 – The Russell–Einstein Manifesto calls for a reduction of the risk of
nuclear warfare Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a War, military conflict or prepared Policy, political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are Weapon of mass destruction, weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conven ...
. *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
– The 7.7 Amorgos earthquake shakes the
Cyclades The CYCLADES computer network () was a French research network created in the early 1970s. It was one of the pioneering networks experimenting with the concept of packet switching and, unlike the ARPANET, was explicitly designed to facilitate i ...
island group in the
Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some . In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea, which in turn con ...
with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). The shaking and the destructive tsunami that followed left fifty-three people dead. A damaging M7.2 aftershock occurred minutes after the mainshock. * 1958 – A 7.8 strike-slip earthquake in Alaska causes a
landslide Landslides, also known as landslips, rockslips or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Landslides ...
that produces a megatsunami. The runup from the waves reached on the rim of
Lituya Bay Lituya Bay (; Tlingit language, Tlingit: ''Ltu.aa'',. Spelled L'tua in translation of Tebenkov's log. meaning 'lake within the point') is a fjord located on the coast of the south-east part of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is long and wide at ...
; five people were killed. * 1961
Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...
becomes the first member state to join the
European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisbo ...
by signing the Athens Agreement, which was suspended in 1967 during the Greek junta. *
1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...
Starfish Prime tests the effects of a nuclear test at orbital altitudes. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...
– The Pinochet dictatorship in Chile organises the youth event of Acto de Chacarillas, a ritualised act reminiscent of
Francoist Spain Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death i ...
. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– A car bomb destroys a
Renault Renault S.A., commonly referred to as Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English), is a French Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company curr ...
motor car owned by "
Nazi hunter A Nazi hunter is an individual who tracks down and gathers information on alleged former Nazis, or SS members, and Nazi collaborators who were involved in the Holocaust, typically for use at trial on charges of war crimes and crimes against hum ...
s"
Serge Serge may refer to: *Serge (fabric), a type of twill fabric *Serge (llama) (born 2005), a llama in the Cirque Franco-Italien and internet meme *Serge (name), a masculine given name (includes a list of people with this name) *Serge (post), a hitchi ...
and Beate Klarsfeld outside their home in France in an unsuccessful assassination attempt. * 1982Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in
Kenner, Louisiana Kenner is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the most populous city in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, Jefferson Parish, and is the largest incorporated suburban city of New Orleans. The population was 66,448 at the 2020 United States cen ...
, killing all 145 people on board and eight others on the ground. * 1986 – The
New Zealand Parliament The New Zealand Parliament () is the unicameral legislature of New Zealand, consisting of the Monarchy of New Zealand, Sovereign and the New Zealand House of Representatives. The King is usually represented by his Governor-General of New Zeal ...
passes the Homosexual Law Reform Act legalising homosexuality in New Zealand. *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
– The
Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada () is the Canadian federalism, federal legislature of Canada. The Monarchy of Canada, Crown, along with two chambers: the Senate of Canada, Senate and the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons, form the Bicameral ...
passes the Nunavut Act leading to the 1999 creation of
Nunavut Nunavut is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' and the Nunavut Land Claims Agr ...
, dividing the
Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories is a federal Provinces and territories of Canada, territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately and a 2021 census population of 41,070, it is the second-largest and the most populous of Provinces and territorie ...
into arctic (
Inuit Inuit (singular: Inuk) are a group of culturally and historically similar Indigenous peoples traditionally inhabiting the Arctic and Subarctic regions of North America and Russia, including Greenland, Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwe ...
) and sub-arctic (
Dene The Dene people () are an Indigenous group of First Nations who inhabit the northern boreal, subarctic and Arctic regions of Canada. The Dene speak Northern Athabaskan languages and it is the common Athabaskan word for "people". The term ...
) lands based on a
plebiscite A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a direct vote by the electorate (rather than their representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. A referendum may be either binding (resulting in the adoption of a new policy) or adv ...
. *
1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...
– The Navaly church bombing is carried out by the
Sri Lanka Air Force The Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF; ; ) is the air force, air arm and the youngest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. It was founded in 1951 as the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) with the assistance of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The SLAF played a major r ...
killing 125 Tamil civilian refugees. *
1997 Events January * January 1 – The Emergency Alert System is introduced in the United States. * January 11 – Turkey threatens Cyprus on account of a deal to buy Russian S-300 missiles, prompting the Cypriot Missile Crisis. * January 1 ...
– A Fokker 100 from the Brazilian airline TAM launches engineer Fernando Caldeira de Moura Campos into 2,400 meters of free fall after an explosion that depressurized the aircraft. *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
Days of student protests begin after
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
ian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory at the
University of Tehran The University of Tehran (UT) or Tehran University (, ) is a public collegiate university in Iran, and the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as ...
. * 2002 – The
African Union The African Union (AU) is a continental union of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the African Union. The b ...
is established in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
, replacing the
Organisation of African Unity The Organisation of African Unity (OAU; , OUA) was an African intergovernmental organization established on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with 33 signatory governments. Some of the key aims of the OAU were to encourage political and ec ...
(OAU). The organization's first chairman is
Thabo Mbeki Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the 2nd democratic president of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008, when he resigned at the request of his party, the African National Cong ...
, President of
South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...
. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
– The Senate Report on Iraqi WMD Intelligence is released by the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, casting doubt on the rationale for the Iraq War. * 2006 – One hundred and twenty-five people are killed when S7 Airlines Flight 778, an
Airbus A310 The Airbus A310 is a wide-body aircraft, Aircraft design process, designed and manufactured by Airbus Industrie GIE, then a consortium of European aerospace manufacturers. Airbus had identified a demand for an aircraft smaller than the Airbus ...
passenger jet, veers off the runway while landing in wet conditions at Irkutsk Airport in
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
. *
2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
South Sudan South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the ...
gains independence and secedes from
Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...
. * 2011 – A rally takes place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to call for fairer elections in the country.


Births


Pre-1600

*
1249 Year 1249 (Roman numerals, MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Seventh Crusade * May 13 – King Louis IX of France ("the Saint") assembles a Crusader fleet of 120 transports and ...
Emperor Kameyama of Japan (died 1305) * 1455Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (died 1517) * 1511Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, queen consort of Denmark and Norway (died 1571) *
1526 Year 1526 (Roman numerals, MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 14 – Treaty of Madrid (1526), Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and ...
Elizabeth of Austria, Polish noble (died 1545) * 1577Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English-American soldier and politician,
Colonial Governor of Virginia Some of those who held the lead role as governor of Virginia never visited the New World and governed through deputies resident in the colony. Others, such as Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, held the lead role for many years but were in Virgini ...
(died 1618) * 1578
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, Hungary, and List of Croatian monarchs, Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. He was the son of Archduke Charles II, Archduke of Austr ...
(died 1637)


1601–1900

*
1654 Events January–March * January 6 – In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in the modern-day state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11 – Arauco War – Battle of Río B ...
Emperor Reigen of Japan (died 1732) * 1686Philip Livingston, American merchant and politician (died 1749) * 1689Alexis Piron, French epigrammatist and playwright (died 1773) * 1721Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet and author (died 1781) * 1753William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, English admiral and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (died 1825) *
1764 Events January–June * January 7 – The Siculicidium is carried out as hundreds of the Székely minority in Transylvania are massacred by the Austrian Army at Madéfalva. * January 19 – John Wilkes is expelled from th ...
Ann Ward, English author and poet (died 1823) * 1775Matthew Lewis, English author and playwright (died 1818) *
1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...
Paavo Ruotsalainen, Finnish farmer and lay preacher (died 1852) * 1800
Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (; 9 July 1809 – 13 May 1885) was a German physician, pathologist, and anatomist. He is credited with the discovery of the loop of Henle in the kidney. His essay, "On Miasma and Contagia," was an early argument ...
, German physician, pathologist, and anatomist (died 1885) * 1808Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and colonel (died 1887) * 1819Elias Howe, American inventor, invented the sewing machine (died 1867) * 1825A. C. Gibbs, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of Oregon (died 1886) *
1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...
Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian cardinal (died 1913) * 1834Jan Neruda, Czech journalist and poet (died 1891) * 1836Camille of Renesse-Breidbach (died 1904) * 1848Robert I, Duke of Parma (died 1907) *
1853 Events January–March * January 6 – ** Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. **U.S. President-elect ...
William Turner Dannat, American painter (died 1929) * 1856John Verran, English-Australian politician, 26th
Premier of South Australia The premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The premier i ...
(died 1932) * 1858Franz Boas, German-American anthropologist and linguist (died 1942) * 1867Georges Lecomte, French author and playwright (died 1958) * 1879Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician and parasitologist (died 1934) * 1879 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer and conductor (died 1936) * 1887James Ormsbee Chapin, American-Canadian painter and illustrator (died 1975) * 1887 – Saturnino Herrán, Mexican painter (died 1918) * 1887 – Samuel Eliot Morison, American admiral and historian (died 1976) * 1889Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and referee (died 1964) * 1893George Geary, English cricketer and coach (died 1981)


1901–present

* 1901Barbara Cartland, English author (died 2000) * 1902Peter Acland, English soldier (died 1993) * 1905Clarence Campbell, Canadian ice hockey player and referee (died 1984) *
1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
Eddie Dean, American singer-songwriter (died 1999) * 1908Allamah Rasheed Turabi, Pakistani philosopher and scholar (died 1973) * 1908 – Minor White, American photographer, critic, and educator (died 1976) * 1909Basil Wolverton, American author and illustrator (died 1978) * 1910Govan Mbeki, South African anti-apartheid and ANC leader and activist (died 2001) *
1911 Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia. * January 3 ** 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 m ...
Mervyn Peake, English author and illustrator (died 1968) * 1911 –
John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr to e ...
, American physicist and author (died 2008) * 1914Willi Stoph, German engineer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of East Germany (died 1999) * 1914 – Mac Wilson, Australian rules footballer (died 2017) * 1915David Diamond, American composer and educator (died 2005) * 1915 – Lee Embree, American sergeant and photographer (died 2008) * 1916Dean Goffin, New Zealand composer (died 1984) * 1916 –
Edward Heath Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 ...
, English colonel and politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1970-74 (died 2005) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of Holocaust (died 2019) *
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn, Dutch mathematician and academic (died 2012) * 1918 – Jarl Wahlström, Finnish 12th General of The Salvation Army (died 1999) * 1921David C. Jones, American general (died 2013) * 1922Kathleen Booth, British computer scientist and mathematician (died 2022) * 1922 – Angelines Fernández, Spanish-Mexican actress (died 1994) * 1922 – Jim Pollard, American basketball player and coach (died 1993) * 1924Pierre Cochereau, French organist and composer (died 1984) *
1925 Events January * January 1 – The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria (1925–1930), State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini m ...
Guru Dutt, Indian actor, director, and producer (died 1964) * 1925 – Charles E. Wicks, American engineer, author, and academic (died 2010) * 1925 – Ronald I. Spiers, American ambassador (died 2021) *
1926 In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the ...
Murphy Anderson, American illustrator (died 2015) * 1926 – Ben Roy Mottelson, American-Danish physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (died 2022) * 1926 – Pedro Dellacha, Argentine football defender and coach (died 2010) * 1926 – Mathilde Krim, Italian-American medical researcher and health educator (died 2018) *
1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
Ed Ames Edmund Dantes Urick (July 9, 1927 – May 21, 2023), known professionally as Ed Ames or Eddie Ames, was an American pop singer and actor. He was known for playing Mingo in the television series ''Daniel Boone (1964 TV series), Daniel Boone'', and ...
, American singer and actor (died 2023) * 1927 – Red Kelly, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and politician (died 2019) *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris B ...
Federico Bahamontes, Spanish cyclist (died 2023) * 1928 –
Vince Edwards Vince Edwards (born Vincent Edward Zoine; July 9, 1928 – March 11, 1996) was an American actor, director, and singer. He was best known for his TV role as Dr. Ben Casey and as Major Cliff Bricker in the 1968 war film '' The Devil's Brigade' ...
, American actor, singer, and director (died 1996) * 1929Lee Hazlewood, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2007) * 1929 – Jesse McReynolds, American singer and mandolin player (died 2023) * 1929 – Chi Haotian, Chinese general * 1929 – Hassan II of Morocco (died 1999) * 1930K. Balachander, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2014) * 1930 – Buddy Bregman, American composer and conductor (died 2017) * 1930 – Janice Lourie, American computer scientist and graphic artist * 1930 – Elsa Lystad, Norwegian actress (died 2023) * 1930 – Patricia Newcomb, American publicist * 1930 – Roy McLean, South African cricketer and rugby player (died 2007) * 1931Haynes Johnson, American journalist and author (died 2013) * 1931 – Sylvia Bacon, American judge (died 2023) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
Donald Rumsfeld, American captain and politician, 13th
United States Secretary of Defense The United States secretary of defense (acronym: SecDef) is the head of the United States Department of Defense (DoD), the United States federal executive departments, executive department of the United States Armed Forces, U.S. Armed Forces, a ...
(died 2021) * 1932 – Amitzur Shapira, Israeli sprinter and long jumper (died 1972) *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independen ...
Oliver Sacks Oliver Wolf Sacks (9 July 1933 – 30 August 2015) was a British neurology, neurologist, Natural history, naturalist, historian of science, and writer. Born in London, Sacks received his medical degree in 1958 from The Queen's College, Oxford ...
, English-American neurologist, author, and academic (died 2015) *
1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...
Michael Graves Michael Graves (July 9, 1934 – March 12, 2015) was an American architect, designer, and educator, and principal of Michael Graves and Associates and Michael Graves Design Group. He was a member of The New York Five and the Memphis Group and ...
, American architect, designed the Portland Building and the
Humana Building The Humana Building, also known as the Humana Tower, is a 1985 skyscraper in downtown Louisville, Kentucky, located at 500 West Main Street and headquarters of the Humana Corporation. It was built by the Auchter Company. Description The 26-sto ...
(died 2015) *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Finance (died 2005) * 1935 – Mercedes Sosa, Argentine singer and activist (died 2009) * 1935 – Michael Williams, English actor (died 2001) *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
June Jordan, American poet and educator (died 2002) * 1936 – David Zinman, American violinist and conductor * 1937
David Hockney David Hockney (born 9 July 1937) is an English Painting, painter, Drawing, draughtsman, Printmaking, printmaker, Scenic design, stage designer, and photographer. As an important contributor to the pop art movement of the 1960s, he is considere ...
, English painter and photographer *
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
Brian Dennehy, American actor (died 2020) * 1938 – Sanjeev Kumar, Indian film actor (died 1985) *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...
David B. Frohnmayer, American lawyer and politician, 12th Oregon Attorney General (died 2015) * 1940 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, American psychoanalyst and theorist (died 2010) * 1941Mac MacLeod, English musician (died 2020) *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
David Chidgey, Baron Chidgey, English engineer and politician (died 2022) * 1942 – Richard Roundtree, American actor (died 2023) *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
John Casper, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
Judith M. Brown, Indian-English historian and academic * 1944 – John Cunniff, American ice hockey player and coach (died 2002) * 1944 – Tabassum, Indian actress and talk show host (died 2022) * 1945Dean Koontz, American author and screenwriter * 1945 – Root Boy Slim, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1993) *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
Bon Scott Ronald Belford "Bon" Scott (9 July 1946 – 19 February 1980) was an Australian singer who was the second lead vocalist and lyricist of the hard rock band AC/DC from 1974 until his death in 1980. In the July 2004 issue of ''Classic Rock (m ...
, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (died 1980) *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
Haruomi Hosono, Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer * 1947 – Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (died 2008) * 1947 – O. J. Simpson, American football player and actor (died 2024) * 1947 – Patrick Wormald, English historian (died 2004) *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
Hassan Wirajuda, Indonesian lawyer and politician, 15th Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
Raoul Cédras, Haitian military officer and politician *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 ...
Amal ibn Idris al-Alami, Moroccan physician and neurosurgeon * 1950 –
Adriano Panatta Adriano Panatta (born 9 July 1950) is an Italian former professional tennis player. He won the French Open in 1976 French Open – Men's singles, 1976, becoming the first Italian man in the Open Era to win a Grand Slam (tennis)#Tournaments, major ...
, Italian tennis player and sailor * 1950 – Viktor Yanukovych, Ukrainian engineer and politician, 4th
President of Ukraine The president of Ukraine (, ) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties. ...
* 1950 – Moisés Canelo, Honduran singer-songwriter (died 2024) *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
Chris Cooper, American actor * 1951 – Māris Gailis, Latvian politician, businessman, and former Prime Minister of Latvia *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, ...
John Tesh, American pianist, composer, and radio and television host *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
Margie Gillis, Canadian dancer and choreographer * 1953 – Thomas Ligotti, American author *
1954 Events January * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head ...
Théophile Abega, Cameroonian footballer and politician (died 2012) * 1954 – Kevin O'Leary, Canadian journalist and businessman * 1955Steve Coppell, English footballer and manager * 1955 –
Lindsey Graham Lindsey Olin Graham (; born July 9, 1955) is an American politician and attorney serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, senior United States Senate, United States senator from South Carolina, a seat he has held since 2003. A membe ...
, American lawyer and politician * 1955 – Jimmy Smits, American actor and producer * 1955 – Willie Wilson, American baseball player and manager *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
Tom Hanks Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker. Known for both his comedic and dramatic roles, he is one of the most popular and recognizable film stars worldwide, and is regarded as an American cultural icon. Ha ...
, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1956 – Michael Lederer, American author, poet, and playwright *
1957 Events January * January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany. * January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
Marc Almond, English singer-songwriter * 1957 – Tim Kring, American screenwriter and producer * 1957 – Kelly McGillis, American actress * 1957 – Paul Merton, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter * 1958Abdul Latiff Ahmad, Malaysian politician * 1958 – Jacob Joseph, Malaysian football coach * 1959
Jim Kerr James Kerr (born 9 July 1959) is a Scottish musician and lead singer of the rock band Simple Minds. Commercially successful singles released by Simple Minds include " Don't You (Forget About Me)", " Glittering Prize" (1982), " Someone Somewh ...
, Scottish singer-songwriter and keyboard player * 1959 –
Kevin Nash Kevin Scott Nash (born July 9, 1959) is an American actor, podcaster and retired professional wrestler. He is signed to WWE under a legends contract. He is also known for his tenures in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Total Nonstop Ac ...
, American professional wrestler and actor * 1959 – Clive Stafford Smith, English lawyer and author * 1960Yūko Asano, Japanese actress and singer * 1960 – Wally Fullerton Smith, Australian rugby league player * 1960 – Eduardo Montes-Bradley, Argentine journalist, photographer, and author *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
Klaus Theiss, German footballer * 1964Courtney Love, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress * 1964 – Gianluca Vialli, Italian footballer and coach (died 2023) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lynd ...
Frank Bello, American bass player * 1965 – Thomas Jahn, German director and screenwriter * 1965 – Jason Rhoades, American sculptor (died 2006) *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
Pamela Adlon, American actress and voice artist * 1966 – Zheng Cao, Chinese-American soprano and actress (died 2013) * 1966 –
Gary Glasberg Gary Glasberg (July 15, 1966 – September 28, 2016) was an American television writer and producer. He was born in New York City. He was the showrunner on '' NCIS'' and creator of '' NCIS: New Orleans''. Glasberg's production company is called ...
, American television writer and producer (died 2016) * 1966 – Marco Pennette, American screenwriter and producer *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
Gunnar Axén, Swedish politician * 1967 – Yordan Letchkov, Bulgarian footballer * 1967 – Mark Stoops, American football player and coach * 1967 – Julie Thomas, Welsh lawn bowler * 1968
Paolo Di Canio Paolo Di Canio (born 9 July 1968) is an Italian former professional footballer and manager. During his playing career he made over 500 league appearances and scored over one hundred goals as a Forward (association football), forward. He primari ...
, Italian footballer and manager * 1969Nicklas Barker, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1969 – Jason Kearton, Australian footballer and coach *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
Trent Green, American football player and sportscaster * 1970 – Masami Tsuda, Japanese author and illustrator *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
Marc Andreessen, American software developer, co-founded Netscape *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, ...
Ara Babajian, American drummer and songwriter *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
Kelly Holcomb, American football player and sportscaster * 1974Siân Berry, English environmentalist and politician * 1974 – Ian Bradshaw, Barbadian cricketer * 1974 – Gary Kelly, Irish footballer * 1974 – Kārlis Skrastiņš, Latvian ice hockey player (died 2011) * 1974 – Nikola Šarčević, Swedish singer-songwriter and bass player *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
Shelton Benjamin, American wrestler * 1975 – Isaac Brock, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1975 – Robert Koenig, American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1975 – Craig Quinnell, Welsh rugby player * 1975 –
Jack White John Anthony White (; born July 9, 1975) is an American musician who achieved international fame as the guitarist and lead singer of the rock duo the White Stripes. As the White Stripes disbanded, he sought success with his solo career, subse ...
, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
Thomas Cichon, Polish-German footballer and manager * 1976 – Fred Savage, American actor, director, and producer * 1976 – Radike Samo, Fijian-Australian rugby player *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
Kara Goucher, American runner * 1978 – Nuno Santos, Portuguese footballer *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
Gary Chaw, Malaysian Chinese singer-songwriter *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
Lee Chun-soo, South Korean footballer * 1981 – Junauda Petrus, American author and performance artist * 1982Alecko Eskandarian, American soccer player and manager * 1982 – Sakon Yamamoto, Japanese race car driver * 1984Chris Campoli, Canadian ice hockey player * 1984 – Gianni Fabiano, Italian footballer * 1984 – Jacob Hoggard, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1984 – Ave Pajo, Estonian footballer * 1984 – Piia Suomalainen, Finnish tennis player * 1984 – LA Tenorio, Filipino basketball player *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...
Paweł Korzeniowski, Polish swimmer * 1985 – Ashley Young, English footballer * 1986Sébastien Bassong, Cameroonian footballer * 1986 – Simon Dumont, American skier * 1986 – Kiely Williams, American singer-songwriter and dancer *
1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ...
Gert Jõeäär, Estonian cyclist * 1987 – Rebecca Sugar, American animator, composer, and screenwriter * 1988Raul Rusescu, Romanian footballer * 1990
Earl Bamber Earl Anderson Bamber (born 9 July 1990) is a New Zealand professional racing driver and racing team owner who currently competes in the IMSA SportsCar Championship and the FIA World Endurance Championship for Cadillac Hertz Team Jota and Ca ...
, New Zealand race car driver * 1990 – Fábio, Brazilian footballer * 1990 – Rafael, Brazilian footballer *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
Mitchel Musso, American actor and singer *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
Mitch Larkin, Australian swimmer * 1993 – DeAndre Yedlin, American footballer *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
Claire Corlett, American voice actress *
2003 2003 was designated by the United Nations as the International Year of Fresh water, Freshwater. In 2003, a Multi-National Force – Iraq, United States-led coalition 2003 invasion of Iraq, invaded Iraq, starting the Iraq War. Demographic ...
Conor Bradley, Northern Irish footballer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 230
Empress Dowager Bian Lady Bian (29 January 161 – 9 July 230), also known as Empress Dowager Bian or Grand Empress Dowager Bian, formally known as Empress Wuxuan, was an empress dowager and later grand empress dowager of the state of Cao Wei during the Three King ...
,
Cao Cao Cao Cao (; ; ; 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese statesman, warlord, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty (), ultimately taking effective control of the Han central government. He laid the foundation f ...
's wife (born 159) * 518 – Anastasius I Dicorus, Byzantine emperor (born 430) * 715 – Prince Naga, Naga, Japanese prince (bornc 637) * 880 – Ariwara no Narihira, Japanese poet (born 825) * 981 – Ramiro Garcés of Viguera, Ramiro Garcés, king of Kingdom of Viguera, Viguera *1169 – Guido of Pisa, Guido of Ravenna, Italian cartographer, entomologist and historian *1228 – Stephen Langton, English cardinal and theologian (born 1150) *1270 – Stephen I Báncsa, Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (born c. 1205) * 1386 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (born 1351) *1441 – Jan van Eyck, Dutch painter (born 1359) *1546 – Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, Scottish statesman (born c. 1493) *1553 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (born 1521)


1601–1900

*
1654 Events January–March * January 6 – In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in the modern-day state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11 – Arauco War – Battle of Río B ...
– Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (born 1633) *1706 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Canadian captain and explorer (born 1661) *1737 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (born 1671) *1742 – John Oldmixon, English historian, poet, and playwright (born 1673) *1746 – Philip V of Spain (born 1683) *1747 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (born 1670) *1766 – Jonathan Mayhew, American minister (born 1720) *1774 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, Spanish anatomist (born 1714) *
1795 Events January–June * January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the CET records dating back to 1659. * January 14 – The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming the ...
– Henry Seymour Conway, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (born 1721) *1797 – Edmund Burke, Irish-English philosopher, academic, and politician (born 1729) *
1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...
– Cathinka Buchwieser, German operatic singer and actress (born 1789) * 1850Báb, Persian religious leader, founded Bábism (born 1819) * 1850 – Zachary Taylor, American general and politician, 12th President of the United States (born 1784) *1852 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, American lawyer and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior (born 1794) * 1856 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist and academic (born 1776) * 1856 – James Strang, American religious leader and politician (born 1813) *1880 – Paul Broca, French physician and anatomist (born 1824) *1882 – Ignacio Carrera Pinto, Chilean captain (born 1848)


1901–present

*1903 – Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist and photographer (born 1842) *
1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
– John Drew, Jr., American actor (born 1853) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– King Camp Gillette, American businessman, founded the Gillette Company (born 1855) *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
– Daniel Edward Howard, 16th president of Liberia (born 1861) * 1937 – Oliver Law, American commander (born 1899) *
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
– Benjamin N. Cardozo, American lawyer and jurist (born 1870) *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
– Lucjan Żeligowski, Polish-Lithuanian general and politician (born 1865) *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
– Fritz Hart, English-Australian composer and conductor (born 1874) *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
– Harry Heilmann, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1894) * 1955 – Don Beauman, English race car driver (born 1928) * 1955 – Adolfo de la Huerta, Mexican politician and provisional president, 1920 (born 1881) * 1959 – Ferenc Talányi, Slovene journalist and painter (born 1883) *
1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...
– Georges Bataille, French philosopher, novelist, and poet (born 1897) * 1961 – Whittaker Chambers, American spy and witness in Alger Hiss, Hiss case(born 1901) *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– Eugen Fischer, German physician and academic (born 1874) * 1967 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani dentist and politician (born 1893) *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
– Sigrid Holmquist, Swedish actress (born 1899) *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
– Karl Ast, Estonian author and politician (born 1886) *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, ...
– Robert Weede, American opera singer (born 1903) * 1974 – Earl Warren, American jurist and politician, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (born 1891) *
1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...
– Alice Paul, American activist (born 1885) *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (born 1899) *1980 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet, playwright, and composer (born 1913) * 1984 – Edna Kramer, Edna Ernestine Kramer, American mathematician (born 1902) *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...
– Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (born 1896) * 1985 – Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish-American activist, founded Narcotics Anonymous (born 1911) * 1986 – Patriarch Nicholas VI of Alexandria (born 1915) *1992 – Kelvin Coe, Australian ballet dancer (born 1946) * 1992 – Eric Sevareid, American journalist (born 1912) *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
– Metin Altıok, Turkish poet and educator (born 1940) *1994 – Bill Mosienko, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1921) *1996 – Melvin Belli, American lawyer (born 1907) *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– Robert de Cotret, Canadian politician, 56th Secretary of State for Canada (born 1944) *2000 – Doug Fisher (actor), Doug Fisher, English actor (born 1941) * 2002 – Mayo Kaan, American bodybuilder (born 1914) * 2002 – Rod Steiger, American actor (born 1925) *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
– Paul Klebnikov, American journalist and historian (born 1963) * 2004 – Isabel Sanford, American actress (born 1917) *2005 – Chuck Cadman, Canadian engineer and politician (born 1948) * 2005 – Yevgeny Grishin (speed skater), Yevgeny Grishin, Russian speed skater (born 1931) * 2005 – Alex Shibicky, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1914) * 2006 – Milan Williams, American keyboard player and producer (born 1948) *2007 – Charles Lane (actor, born 1905), Charles Lane, American actor (born 1905) *2008 – Séamus Brennan, Irish accountant and politician, Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport (born 1948) *2010 – Jessica Anderson (writer), Jessica Anderson, Australian author and playwright (born 1916) *
2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
– Don Ackerman, American basketball player (born 1930) * 2011 – Facundo Cabral, Argentine singer-songwriter (born 1937) *2012 – Shin Jae-chul, South Korean-American martial artist (born 1936) * 2012 – Chick King, American baseball player (born 1930) * 2012 – Terepai Maoate, Cook Islander physician and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (born 1934) * 2012 – Eugênio Sales, Brazilian cardinal (born 1920) *2013 – Markus Büchel, Liechtensteiner politician, 9th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (born 1959) * 2013 – Andrew Nori, Solomon lawyer and politician (born 1952) * 2013 – Kiril of Varna, Bulgarian metropolitan (born 1954) * 2013 – Barbara Robinson (author), Barbara Robinson, American author and poet (born 1927) * 2013 – Toshi Seeger, American activist, co-founded the Clearwater Festival (born 1922) *2014 – Lorenzo Álvarez Florentín, Paraguayan violinist and composer (born 1926) * 2014 – David Azrieli, Polish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (born 1922) * 2014 – Eileen Ford, American businesswoman, co-founded Ford Models (born 1922) * 2014 – John Spinks (musician), John Spinks, English guitarist and songwriter (born 1953) *2015 – Christian Audigier, French fashion designer (born 1958) * 2015 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia), Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1940) *2019 – William E. Dannemeyer, American politician (born 1929) * 2019 – Ross Perot, American businessman and politician (born 1930) * 2019 – Fernando de la Rúa, 43rd President of Argentina (born 1937) * 2019 – Rip Torn, American actor (born 1931) * 2019 – Freddie Jones, English actor (born 1927) * 2022 – John Gwynne (commentator), John Gwynne, English reporter and commentator (born 1945) * 2024 – Joe Bonsall, American country/gospel singer (born 1948) * 2024 – Diana Hill (scientist), Diana Hill, New Zealand biochemist (born 1943) * 2024 – Jim Inhofe, American politician (born 1934) * 2024 – Maxine Singer, American biologist (born 1931) * 2024 - Jerzy Stuhr, Polish actor


Holidays and observances

*Arbor Day#Cambodia, Arbor Day (Cambodia) *Christian Calendar of saints, Feast Day: **Agilulfus of Cologne **Amandina of Schakkebroek (one of Martyr Saints of China, Martyrs of Southern Hunan) **Beatification, Blessed Marija Petković **Everilda **Gregorio Grassi (one of Martyr Saints of China, Martyrs of Shanxi) **Martyr Saints of China **Martyrs of Gorkum **Our Lady of Itatí **Our Lady of Peace, Octave of the Visitation (Christianity), Visitation **Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá **Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus **Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican commemoration) **Veronica Giuliani **July 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Constitution Day (Australia) *Constitution Day (Palau) * Constitutionalist Revolution Day (
São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
) *Day of the Employees of the Diplomatic Service (Azerbaijan) *Independence Day (Argentina), Independence Day, celebrates the declaration of independence of the United Provinces of the River Plate, United Provinces of South America by the Congress of Tucumán in 1816. (
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) *Independence Day (South Sudan), Independence Day, celebrates the independence of
South Sudan South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the ...
from
Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...
in 2011. *Nunavut Day (
Nunavut Nunavut is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' and the Nunavut Land Claims Agr ...
)


Places

* July 9 Avenue (Buenos Aires, Argentina) * Ninth of July Park (Tucumán, Argentina)


References


Bibliography

*


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:July 09 Days of July