''Holoaden'', the highland frogs, is a small genus of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" '' Triadobatrachus'' is ...

s in the family

Strabomantidae The Strabomantidae are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes ''Pristimantis'', the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. System ...

. The species are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to south-eastern Brazil.

Taxonomy

''Holoaden'' is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nomina ...

of subfamily

Holoadeninae The Strabomantidae are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes ''Pristimantis'', the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Sys ...

that was erected in 2008 and placed in the newly erected family Strabomantidae. Prior to this, it had been placed in the genus Brachycephalidae.

Description

''Holoaden'' grow to snout–vent length at most. Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated

tympanic membrane In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the ai ...

and tympanic annulus are absent. Dorsum is highly glandular. Venter is areolate.

Species

There are four recognized species in this genus: * ''

Holoaden bradei ''Holoaden bradei'', or the Itatiaia highland frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Itatiaia Mountains of south-eastern Brazil. It is restricted to an area of 10 km2 at an elevation of 2,400 to 2,600, ...

'' Lutz, 1958 * ''

Holoaden luederwaldti ''Holoaden luederwaldti'' is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rocky areas. It ...

'' Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 * '' Holoaden pholeter'' Pombal, Siqueira, Dorigo, Vrcibradic, and Rocha, 2008 * ''

Holoaden suarezi ''Holoaden'', the highland frogs, is a small genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. The species are endemic to south-eastern Brazil. Taxonomy ''Holoaden'' is the type genus of subfamily Holoadeninae that was erected in 2008 and placed in ...

'' Martins and Zaher, 2013

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2129401 Strabomantidae Endemic fauna of Brazil Amphibians of South America Amphibian genera Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro