Geçki is the usage of a different
makam
Maqam, makam, maqaam or maqām (plural maqāmāt) may refer to:
Musical structures
* Arabic maqam, melodic modes in traditional Arabic music
** Iraqi maqam, a genre of Arabic maqam music found in Iraq
* Persian maqam, a notion in Persian class ...
during the performance of another makam, which may or may not lead to a
modulation
Signal modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform in electronics and telecommunication for the purpose of transmitting information.
The process encodes information in form of the modulation or message ...
.
It is a form of
modal interchange, used specifically within
Turkish makam music
The Turkish makam ( Turkish: ''makam'' pl. ''makamlar''; from the Arabic word ''maqām'' ) is a system of melody types used in Turkish classical music and Turkish folk music. It provides a complex set of rules for composing and performance. Each m ...
.
Music theory
As with modal interchange, it is easier to do a geçki between two similar makams.
There are two forms of geçki, the ones that create a change in function and the ones that create a change in identity. These two forms of geçki can be used simultaneously.
Change in function
A geçki can happen without changing any notes by changing the roles of the notes within a makam.
Neva
The Neva ( , ; , ) is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast (historical region of Ingria) to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. Despite its modest length of , it is the fourth- ...
and
Hüseynî share many of their features, including their notes. However, Neva has its
Güçlü in its fourth note, while Hüseynî has its Güçlü in its fifth note. So performing the fifth note as a Güçlü while performing the Neva makam is an example of a Hüseynî geçki within a Neva makam.
A geçki can also happen through the change in the
Durak
Durak ( rus, дурак, p=dʊˈrak, a=Ru-дурак.ogg; ) is a traditional
Russian card game that is popular in many post-Soviet states. It is Russia's most popular card game, having displaced Preferans. It has since become known in other part ...
(the
tonic note
In music, the tonic is the first scale degree () of the diatonic scale (the first note of a scale) and the tonal center or final resolution tone that is commonly used in the final cadence in tonal (musical key-based) classical music, popular ...
). The
Rast makam can be reached by making the
Yeden
Yeden, in Turkish makam theory, is the note preceding the tonic note (Durak) as the leading tone within a makam.
History
The term Yeden has been first introduced into Turkish makam theory by Rauf Yekta Bey, he considered the Yeden a complementa ...
(the
leading tone
In music theory, a leading tone (also called subsemitone or leading note in the UK) is a musical note, note or pitch (music), pitch which resolution (music), resolves or "leads" to a note one semitone higher or lower, being a lower and upper lea ...
) of the
Uşşak makam into the current Durak. This is because the lower pentachord of Rast functions as a
mode
Mode ( meaning "manner, tune, measure, due measure, rhythm, melody") may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* MO''D''E (magazine), a defunct U.S. women's fashion magazine
* ''Mode'' magazine, a fictional fashion magazine which is the setting fo ...
of the lower tetrachord (including the Yeden) of Uşşak.
A visualisation of how the geçki between
Hicaz
In music, the Phrygian dominant scale (or the Phrygian ♮3 scale) is the actual fifth mode of the harmonic minor scale, the fifth being the dominant.Dave Hunter (2005). ''Play Acoustic'', San Francisco: Backbeat, p. 226. . It is also called the ...
and
Nikriz would work can be seen below.
[This geçki can take place between any makam that has the Nikriz pentachord as its lower çeşni and any makam that has the Hicaz pentachord as its lower çeşni. To keep the example simple, the scales themselves are given.] Changing the Durak note from the 1st to the 2nd note (or vice-versa) would be a geçki between these makams.
Change in identity
Geçki can also happen through changing a note in a makam and thereby modulating it into a different makam. This change is usually done through the use of
accidentals
In musical notation, an accidental is a symbol that indicates an alteration of a given pitch. The most common accidentals are the flat () and the sharp (), which represent alterations of a semitone, and the natural (), which cancels a sharp or ...
.
An example of this is a geçki between
Rast and
Basit Suzinak. While performing, if one were to
flat the 6th note of Rast, they would get Basit Suzinak.
See also
*
Çeşni
*
Seyir
Notes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gecki
Turkish makam music