Francesco Hayez (; 10 February 1791 – 12 February 1882) was an Italian painter. He is considered one of the leading artists of

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. The purpose of the movement was to advocate for the importance of subjec ...

in mid-19th-century

Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...

, and is renowned for his grand historical paintings, political allegories, and portraits.

Biography

Training and early work

Francesco Hayez was from a relatively poor family from

Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...

. His father, Giovanni, was a fisherman of French origin while his mother, Chiara Torcella, was from Murano. Francesco was the youngest of five sons. Hayez displayed a predisposition for drawing since childhood. He was placed at a very early age in the Venetian studio of his uncle, the

antiquarian An antiquarian or antiquary () is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artefacts, archaeological and historic si ...

Giovanni Binasco, who hoped to train him as a restorer of paintings. In 1798 he started to study painting under Francesco Maggiotto and gained his first experience of the Neo-classical style. His artistic education was completed, in the years 1800–03, by visits to the Galleria Farsetti, Venice, where he studied the plaster casts of antique sculptures and the reproductions of paintings by Giovanni da Udine from the Vatican. In 1803 he attended life drawing classes at the old Accademia di Pittura e Scultura in the Fonteghetto della Farina, and between 1802 and 1806 he studied the use of colour in classes run by the painter from Bergamo, Lattanzio Querena, a skilful portraitist and a copyist of 16th-century Venetian paintings. In 1807 Hayez produced a competent ''Portrait of the Artist’s Family'' (Treviso, Museo Civico Bailo). In 1808 he was finally able to enter the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia, recently modernized in its teaching methods by Leopoldo Cicognara, who was to remain an important adviser and patron for Hayez. He then attended the painting school run by the Neoclassicist Teodoro Matteini. In 1809 Hayez won a scholarship to study at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome and left Venice in October, travelling south via Rovigo, Bologna, Florence (where he met the painters Pietro Benvenuti, Giuseppe Bezzuoli and Francesco Nenci) and Siena. At Rome, as well as studying the Antique, he spent a great deal of time studying the works of

Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), now generally known in English as Raphael ( , ), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. List of paintings by Raphael, His work is admired for its cl ...

in the Vatican Stanze and visiting the workshop of the sculptor

Antonio Canova Antonio Canova (; 1 November 1757 – 13 October 1822) was an Italians, Italian Neoclassical sculpture, Neoclassical sculptor, famous for his marble sculptures. Often regarded as the greatest of the Neoclassical artists,. his sculpture was ins ...

, who was to have an enormous influence on him. Hayez was also able to meet many Italian and foreign artists in Rome, for example Tommaso Minardi,

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( ; ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassicism, Neoclassical Painting, painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic ...

and the Lukasbrüder, a group that would always hold a particular fascination for him. In 1811 he entered a competition set by the Accademia of Naples, to which he travelled in the company of his friend the sculptor Rinaldo Rinaldi. Despite his failure to be accepted for the competition, he remained in Naples in order to study its antiquities and to complete drawings of its

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...

monuments for Leopoldo Cicognara’s ''Storia della scultura'' (3 vols, Venice, 1813–18). Francesco Hayez - Laocoonte

Returning to Rome in 1812, he sent his painting ''Laokoon'' (Milan,

Pinacoteca di Brera The Pinacoteca di Brera ("Brera Art Gallery") is the main public gallery for paintings in Milan, Italy. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings from the 13th to the 20th century, an outgrowth of the cultural program of ...

) to the competition run by the

Brera Academy The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (), also known as the or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy. It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public mu ...

, where he tied for the first prize with Antonio De Antoni (''fl.'' 1812). Unwilling to keep to his undertaking to enter a second time, Hayez worked, instead, on an exceptional picture, ''Rinaldo and Armida'' (Venice, Ca’ Pesaro), which he sent to Venice: it was the greatest work of his Neoclassical period. Because of this erratic behaviour, however, Canova sent Hayez away from Rome. He returned in 1815 , after spending time as at the court of

Joachim Murat Joachim Murat ( , also ; ; ; 25 March 1767 – 13 October 1815) was a French Army officer and statesman who served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Under the French Empire he received the military titles of Marshal of the ...

in Naples, where he began his large historical picture '' Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous'' (1814–16; Naples,

Museo di Capodimonte Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy designed by Giovanni Antonio Medrano. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with se ...

). After his return, he won first prize in the competition established by Canova at the Accademia di San Luca, with his ''Triumphant Athlete'' (Rome, Accademia Nazionale di San Luca), beating the entries of such other artists as Ingres. Having provided excellent proof of his skills as a

fresco Fresco ( or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting become ...

artist while assisting Pelagio Palagi in the decoration of the Palazzo Torlonia in Rome in 1813, he was commissioned by Canova in 1816 to paint a number of fresco lunettes in the Chiaramonti corridor in the new wing of the

Vatican Museums The Vatican Museums (; ) are the public museums of the Vatican City. They display works from the immense collection amassed by the Catholic Church and the papacy throughout the centuries, including several of the best-known Roman sculptures and ...

. Hayez disappointed Canova, however, because of his constant changes of mind and slowness in completing only three lunettes celebrating the artistic policies of

Pope Pius VII Pope Pius VII (; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823) was head of the Catholic Church from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. He ruled the Papal States from June 1800 to 17 May 1809 and again ...

: ''Sculpture Restored to Honour'', the ''Return to Rome of her Stolen Works of Art'' and the ''Founding of the School of Drawing''; and Hayez was accordingly relieved of his commission. In 1817 Hayez was able to devote himself to works better suited to his abilities, such as the portrait of the ''Cicognara Family'' (Venice, priv. col.), which brought him back to Venice. Here, and in Padua, until 1821, he was involved in providing decoration for various palazzi: these included in Venice the

Doge's Palace The Doge's Palace (''Doge'' pronounced ; ; ) is a palace built in Venetian Gothic architecture, Venetian Gothic style, and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice in northern Italy. The palace included government offices, a jail, and th ...

and the

Palazzo Gritti Palazzo Gritti (also Palazzo Gritti Dandolo) is a palace in Venice, Italy, located in the Cannaregio district and overlooking the Grand Canal (Venice), Grand Canal between Palazzo Memmo Martinengo Mandelli and Palazzo Correr Contarini Zorzi. Hist ...

, and in Padua the Palazzo Zabarella. Pietro Rossi prigioniero degli Scaligeri

Between 1818 and 1819, while engaged on a commission to restore the paintings by

Tintoretto Jacopo Robusti (late September or early October 1518Bernari and de Vecchi 1970, p. 83.31 May 1594), best known as Tintoretto ( ; , ), was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Venetian school. His contemporaries both admired and criticized th ...

in the Doge's Palace, he was encouraged by Canova and Cicognara to study 15th-century Venetian masters such as

Giovanni Bellini Giovanni Bellini (; c. 1430 – 29 November 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters. He was raised in the household of Jacopo Bellini, formerly thought to have been his father, ...

and

Vittore Carpaccio Vittore Carpaccio ( , , ; – ) was an Italian painter of the Venetian School (art), Venetian school who studied under Gentile Bellini. Carpaccio was largely influenced by the style of the early Italian Renaissance painter Antonello da Messina ...

. This new interest was soon reflected in Hayez’s own work in the painting '' Pietro Rossi'' (Milan, priv. col.), produced between 1818 and 1820. Having failed to find a buyer in Venice, Hayez sent the picture in 1820 to the Brera exhibition in Milan, where it was received with great acclaim and acquired by Giorgio Pallavicino Trivulzio. Because of its new style and its subject, taken from

medieval history In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the West ...

, the work soon came to be seen as a

manifesto A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent ...

for the new Romantic painting, and Hayez thus won immediate fame in Milanese artistic and literary circles. Here he met the writer

Alessandro Manzoni Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni (, , ; 7 March 1785 – 22 May 1873) was an Italian poet, novelist and philosopher. He is famous for the novel ''The Betrothed (Manzoni novel), The Betrothed'' (orig. ) (1827), generally ranked among ...

and from the latter’s historical tragedy, ''Il conte di Carmagnola'', he derived inspiration for a picture of this name. When shown at the Brera in 1821, it was admired by Stendhal, who declared Hayez to be the greatest Italian painter of the day.

Mature work: Milan, 1823–48

After being appointed as a temporary replacement for Luigi Sabatelli as Professor of Painting at the Brera Academy, Hayez moved to Milan in 1823 and embarked on a highly successful career as a history painter and portraitist, showing his works almost every year at the annual exhibitions at the Brera. His work was invariably highly praised by the Romantics and disparaged by the Classcists. This was especially the case with such masterpieces of his early years in Milan as the splendid '' The Last Kiss of Romeo and Juliet'' (1823; Tremezzo, Villa Carlotta) and the ''Penitent Magdalene'' (1825; Cernobbio, priv. col.). He also painted some extremely fine portraits during this period, for example those of ''Carlo Della Bianca'' (1822; Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera) and Carolina Zucchi (1825; Turin Civic Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art), and a ''Self-portrait in a Group of Friends'' (1824–7; Milan, priv. col.). Among his most faithful patrons were men at the forefront of the fight for Italian independence, such as Francesco Teodoro Arese Lucini, who had himself painted in chains by Hayez in one of the most outstanding portraits of the 19th century (Milan, priv. col.). Exhibitions of Hayez’s history paintings, in which he often portrayed contemporary Milanese personalities in the guise of figures from the past, caused a great sensation, because of the novelty of their subject-matter and because of their style. One of the most significant aspects of his art, however, was his interest in events from Italian history, which he portrayed in paintings containing clear political allusions, such as the '' Lampugnani's Conspiracy'' (1826–9; Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera). The two paintings with perhaps the strongest political content were ''Peter the Hermit Preaching the First Crusade'' (Milan, priv. col.) and '' The Refugees of Parga'' (Brescia, Pinacoteca Civica Tosio-Martinengo), shown at the Brera Academy in 1829 and 1831 respectively. Because of the effectiveness of their patriotic message, the themes of the

Crusades The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and at times directed by the Papacy during the Middle Ages. The most prominent of these were the campaigns to the Holy Land aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem and its surrounding t ...

and the

Greek War of Independence The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. In 1826, the Greeks were assisted ...

were repeated in other works. During this period Hayez also painted a number of individualistic and highly evocative portraits, such as the ones depicting the ballerina ''Carlotta Chabert as Venus Playing with Two Doves'' (Trent, Cassa di Risparmio) and the singer ''Giovanni David in Theatrical Costume'' (Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera), both of which caused a great stir at the Brera Exhibition of 1830. The following year he exhibited his beautiful portrait of

Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso Cristina Trivulzio di Belgiojoso (; 28 June 1808, Milan, Lombardy, Italy5 July 1871, near Milan) was an Italian noblewoman, the princess of Belgiojoso, who played a prominent part in Italian unification, Italy's struggle for independence. She is a ...

(Florence, priv. col.), the princess who had been exiled by the Austrians. This sumptuous likeness was painted on panel, a technique used by Hayez for his most demanding portraits and for works in which he wanted to achieve particular effects of transparency and chromatic nuance. Throughout this period Hayez alternated painting with printmaking, achieving brilliant results with

lithography Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...

, a new means of reproduction only recently introduced to Milan. Of particular importance are the two sets of prints ''Lombards in the First Crusade'', illustrating the historical poem (1827–8) by Tommaso Grossi, and a series (Milan,

Biblioteca di Brera The or Braidense National Library, usually known as the Biblioteca di Brera, is a public library in Milan, in northern Italy. It is one of the largest libraries in Italy. Initially, it contained large historical and scientific collections before ...

) illustrating

Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832), was a Scottish novelist, poet and historian. Many of his works remain classics of European literature, European and Scottish literature, notably the novels ''Ivanhoe'' (18 ...

’s novel ''

Ivanhoe ''Ivanhoe: A Romance'' ( ) by Walter Scott is a historical novel published in three volumes, in December 1819, as one of the Waverley novels. It marked a shift away from Scott's prior practice of setting stories in Scotland and in the more ...

'' ( 1828–31). By the mid-1830s Hayez began to attend the Maffei

Salon Salon may refer to: Common meanings * Beauty salon A beauty salon or beauty parlor is an establishment that provides Cosmetics, cosmetic treatments for people. Other variations of this type of business include hair salons, spas, day spas, ...

, hosted by Clara Maffei. Maffei's husband would later commission Hayez a portrait of his wife. In 1833, when his fame was at its peak, he began work on a gigantic canvas intended to be his greatest work: ''Thirst Suffered by the First Crusaders beneath the Walls of Jerusalem'', inspired by a variety of historical and literary sources. In 1838, having started work on the painting, he found a patron in the person of King Charles Albert of Sardinia, who was, however, never to see its completion when it was hung (1850) in the Hall of the Bodyguards in the Royal Palace of Turin. The painting, which still impresses today, partly through its echoes of

Giuseppe Verdi Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( ; ; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian composer best known for List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi, his operas. He was born near Busseto, a small town in the province of Parma ...

’s melodramatic opera '' I Lombardi alla prima crociata'', marked a change of direction for Hayez: from that point on he appeared more influenced by memories of the Venetian Settecento (especially the work of

Piazzetta Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (also called Giambattista Piazzetta or Giambattista Valentino Piazzetta) (February 13, 1682 or 1683 – April 28, 1754) was an Italian Rococo art, Italian Rococo painter of religious subjects and Genre works, genre s ...

and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo) and also by aspects of contemporary German painting. A decisive factor in this change had been a trip to

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

to see recent German painting and to meet artists such as Peter Cornelius, Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Heinrich Maria von Hess and Wilhelm von Kaulbach. In 1838

Ferdinand I of Austria Ferdinand I ( 19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. He was also King of Hungary, King of Croatia, Croatia and King of Bohemia, Bohemia (as Ferdinand V), King of Lombardy– ...

, in Milan for his coronation, unveiled the fresco by Hayez in the Royal Palace, representing the ''Allegory of the Political Order of Ferdinand I of Austria'' (destr. 1943; cartoon, Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera), and admired two new paintings by Hayez at the Brera exhibition. Hayez received a commission from the Emperor, who also acquired the beautiful ''Two Foscari'' (Milan, priv. col.), a work that was to mark the start of a series of paintings of Venetian subjects that were to bring Hayez vast popularity. Recognition of the political commitment of his work, on the other hand, came from the politician

Giuseppe Mazzini Giuseppe Mazzini (, ; ; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the ...

, who, in an article published in 1841, hailed Hayez as a great patriotic painter. In the meantime, Hayez’s painting became increasingly sophisticated and refined, both in composition and in technique. This applied not only to more intimate works such as his Self-portrait (1848; Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera) but also to his great historical pictures, such as his new version of '' The Sicilian Vespers'' (Rome, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna), which was commissioned by the Neapolitan Prince Ruffo di Sant’Antimo, and which was begun in Sicily in 1844 (completed 1846). One of the significant features of these works is the way in which they relate to the contemporary melodramas of Verdi, a friend of the artist, whom Hayez often advised in the staging of his operas.

Late work, after 1848

After the

Five Days of Milan The Five Days of Milan ( ) was an insurrection and a major event in the Revolutions of 1848, Revolutionary Year of 1848 that started the First Italian War of Independence. On 18 March, a rebellion arose in the city of Milan which in five day ...

, in which Hayez took an active part, his painting underwent a radical change. He almost entirely abandoned great historical subjects and devoted himself to painting allegories with strong political connotations, such as two versions of '' La Meditazione'' (1850; Brescia, priv. col.). He found great popularity with the Revenge Triptych, comprising ''Secret Accusation'' (1848; Pavia,

Pinacoteca Malaspina The Visconti Castle of Pavia () is a Middle Ages, medieval castle in Pavia, Lombardy, Northern Italy. It was built after 1360 in a few years by Galeazzo II Visconti, Lord of Milan, and used as a sovereign residence by him and his son Gian Galeazz ...

), ''Vengeance is Sworn'' (1851; Milan, priv. col.) and ''Revenge of a Rival'' (1853; Milan, priv. col.). This was also a period of exceptional portraits, revealing great psychological insight and extraordinary skills in formal arrangement, as in the Portrait of Matilde Juva Branca (1851; Milan, Galleria di Arte Moderna). Hayez had little success with works sent to the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1855 , but he was well received on his second trip to Munich in 1858. He greeted the

unification of Italy The unification of Italy ( ), also known as the Risorgimento (; ), was the 19th century Political movement, political and social movement that in 1861 ended in the Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, annexation of List of historic states of ...

with a small painting, '' The Kiss'' (Milan, Brera, exh. 1859), symbolic of the new historical climate and now his best-known work. The anonymous, unaffected gesture of the couple does not require knowledge of myth or literature to interpret, and appeals to a modern gaze. Despite his advancing years, he continued painting until the end of his life, devoting himself mainly to portraits, for example those of the author and statesman Massimo d’Azeglio (1864), of

Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (; 10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as the Count of Cavour ( ; ) or simply Cavour, was an Italian politician, statesman, businessman, economist, and no ...

(1864) and of the composer Gioacchino Rossini ( 1870; all Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera). His two most exacting late works were his large historical paintings, completed in 1867 and presented to the Accademie of Milan and Venice: ''Marin Faliero Led to his Death'' (Milan, Brera) and ''Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem'' (Venice, Ca’ Pesaro). The bleakly pessimistic message of these two canvases contrasts with the mood of his last work, shown at the Mostra Nazionale in Milan in 1881, a ''Vase of Flowers at the Window of the Harem'' ( 1881; Milan, Brera), a simple and joyful homage to the art of painting. In 1869 Hayez had begun dictating his memoirs, which provide the main source of information on his life. Hayez died in Milan, age 91. His studio at the Brera Academy is marked with a plaque. Among his pupils from the Brera Academy were Carlo Belgioioso, Amanzio Cattaneo, Alessandro Focosi, Giovanni Battista Lamperti, Livo Pecora, Angelo Pietrasanta, Antonio Silo, Ismaele Teglio Milla and Francesco Valaperta. After the great success it had enjoyed during his lifetime, his historical work was not appreciated by later critics, who much preferred his portraits, until the positive reassessment of his oeuvre as a whole during the 1970s.

Critical assessment

Over the course of a long career, Hayez proved to be particularly prolific. His output included historic paintings designed to appeal to the patriotic sensibility of his patrons as well as works reflecting the desire to accompany a Neoclassic style to grand themes, either from biblical or classical literature. He also painted scenes from theatrical presentations. Conspicuously absent from his oeuvre, however, are altarpieces - possibly due to the Napoleonic invasions that deconsecrated many churches and convents in Northern Italy. Art historian Corrado Ricci described Hayez as a ''classicist'' who then evolved into a style of ''emotional tumult''. His portraits have the intensity of Ingres and the

Nazarene movement The epithet Nazarene was adopted by a group of early 19th-century German Romantic painters who aimed to revive spirituality in art. The name Nazarene came from a term of derision used against them for their affectation of a biblical manner of c ...

. Often sitting, Hayez's subjects are often dressed in austere, black and white clothing, with little to no accoutrements. While Hayez made portraits for the nobility, he also explored other subjects like fellow artists and musicians. Late in his career, he is known to have worked using photographs. One of Hayez's favorite themes was semi-clothed Odalisque evocative of oriental themes – a favorite topic of Romantic painters. The depictions of

harem A harem is a domestic space that is reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A harem may house a man's wife or wives, their pre-pubescent male children, unmarried daughters, female domestic Domestic worker, servants, and other un ...

s and their women allowed artists the ability to paint scenes otherwise not acceptable within society. Even Hayez's

Mary Magdalene Mary Magdalene (sometimes called Mary of Magdala, or simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine) was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to crucifixion of Jesus, his cr ...

has more sensuality than religious fervor. A scientific assessment of Hayez's career has been made complicated by his proclivity for not signing or dating his works. Often dates in his paintings indicate when the work was acquired or sold, not the time of its creation. Moreover, he often painted the same compositions several times with minimal variations if any at all.

Gallery

:''See also :Paintings by Francesco Hayez.'' Francesco Hayez 057.jpg, ''Self-Portrait'', Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence Francesco Hayez 024.jpg, ''Reclining Odalisque'' (1839) Francesco Hayez - Portrait of Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli - Google Art Project.jpg, Portrait of Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli (Venice) La distruzione del tempio di Gerusalemme -Francesco Hayez - gallerie Accademia Venice.jpg, ''Destruction of Temple of Jerusalem'' (1867) Hayez, Fracesco - Crusaders Thirsting near Jerusalem - 1836-50.jpg, ''Crusaders Thirsting near Jerusalem'' (1836–1850) File:(Venice) Aristotele by Francesco Hayez in gallerie Accademia Venice.jpg, ''Aristotle'', 1811 Francesco Hayez - The Two Foscari - WGA11217.jpg, Scene from Byron's drama '' The Two Foscari'' ( Antonio Bernocchi family collection, today in the Museum of Fondazione Cariplo) Francesco Hayez 022.jpg, Sicilian Vespers scene 1 (1821–22) Francesco Hayez 023.jpg, Sicilian Vespers scene 3 (1821–22) Francesco Hayez 061.jpg, ''Meeting of Esau and Jacob'' Francesco Hayez 016.jpg, ''New Favorite in Harem'' File:Hayez - Rinaldo and Armida, 1812–1813, 760.jpg, ''Rinaldo and Armida'' (1813) File:L'ultimo bacio di Giulietta e Romeo.jpg, '' The Last Kiss of Romeo and Juliet'' (1823) Bathsheba (c.1827), by Francesco Hayez.jpg, ''

Bathsheba Bathsheba (; , ) was an Kings of Israel and Judah, Israelite queen consort. According to the Hebrew Bible, she was the wife of Uriah the Hittite and later of David, with whom she had all of her five children. Her status as the mother of Solomon ...

'' (1827) Hayez, Maria Stuarda che sale al patibolo, 1827.png, '' Mary Stuart Ascends the Scaffold'' (1827) Francesco Hayez 033.jpg, '' Carlotta Chabert as Venus'' (1830) File:Rebecca at the well (1831), by Francesco Hayez.png, '' Rebecca at the Well'' (1831) File:Francesco Hayez - The Refugees of Parga - WGA11213.jpg, '' The Refugees of Parga'' (1831) File:Marie Stuart protestant de son innocence à la lecture de sa condamnation à mort - Francesco Hayez - Musée du Louvre Peintures RF 2012 23.jpg, '' Mary Stuart Proclaiming Her Innocence'' (1832) File:Francesco Hayez - Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso.jpg, ''Portrait of

'' (1833) File:Hayez, Lot con le figlie, 1833.png, '' Lot and His Daughters'' (1833) Betsabea al bagno.jpg, '' Bathsheba at Her Bath'' (1834) Francesco Hayez 056.jpg, ''Samson and the Lion'' (1842) File:Hayez, Tamar di Giuda, 1847.jpg, '' Tamar'' (1847) File:Francesco Hayez - Susanna at her Bath (National Gallery, London).jpg, '' Susanna at her Bath'' (1850) File:Francesco Hayez - Meditation on the History of Italy - WGA11216.jpg, '' La Meditazione'' (1851) Francesco Hayez - Ruth.jpg, '' Ruth'' (1853) Francesco Hayez 004.jpg, ''Nude Bather'' Francesco Hayez 027.jpg, ''Odalisque with Book'' (1866) Francesco Hayez 026.jpg, ''Odalisque'' (1867) Hayez Ciociara.jpg, CiociaraA derogatory term used in Rome in the nineteenth century to ridicule the poor shepherds of the mountain regions; the term was then used by the painters of the time for their portraits. Francesco Hayez 037.jpg, Portrait, Matilde Juva-Branca (1851) Francesco Hayez 038.jpg, Portrait, Princess di Sant' Antimo (1840–1844) Francesco Hayez - Portrait of Antonietta Tarsis Basilico.jpg, Portrait, Antonietta Tarsis Basilico (1851) Francesco Hayez 036.jpg, Portrait, Felicina Caglio Perego di Cremnago (1842) Francesco Hayez - Ritratto di Antonietta Vitali Sola.jpg, Portrait, Antonietta Vitali Sola (1823) Antonio Rosmini by Hayez.jpg, Portrait, Antonio Rosmini (1835) Francesco Hayez 041.jpg, Portrait, Camillo Benso, Conte of Cavour (1864) Francesco Hayez 048.jpg, Portrait, Massimo d'Azeglio (1860) Francesco Hayez - Ritratto di Alessandro Manzoni.jpg, Portrait,

(1841) Francesco Hayez 043.jpg, Portrait, Conte Ninni (1823) Francesco Hayez 020.jpg, Levite Ephraim (1842–1844) Athlète triomphant de Francesco Hayez 1813.jpg, '' The Victorious Athlete'' (1813) Francisco Hayez - Vengeance is Sworn.jpg, '' Vengeance is Sworn'' (1851) Hayez, Francesco – Accusa segreta – 1847 1848.jpg, ''Secret Accusation'' (1847–1848) Francesco Hayez 059.jpg, ''Revenge of a Rival (The Venetian Woman)'' (1853) File:Francesco Hayez (1791-1882), Odalisca nel sonno, 1867, olio su tela, cm 93 x 75, Accademia di Brera.jpg, ''Odalisque in her Sleep'', 1857 File:Francesco Hayez - Self Portrait in a Group of Friend - Google Art Project.jpg, Self-Portrait in a Group of Friends (1824 or 1827). From right to left Tommaso Grossi, Giuseppe Molteni,

Giovanni Migliara Giovanni Migliara (October15, 1785April18, 1837) was a nobleman and Italian painter active at the beginning of the 19th century, painting veduta, vedute and history paintings. Biography Born to artisan parents of limited means, he was apprenti ...

and Pelagio Palagi

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayez, Francesco 1791 births 1882 deaths Italian male painters 19th-century Italian painters 19th-century Italian male artists 19th-century painters of historical subjects Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia alumni Academic staff of Brera Academy Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano Italian romantic painters Italian portrait painters Italian people of French descent Italian Orientalist painters Painters from Venice Painters from the Austrian Empire