December 10th
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Pre-1600

*
1317 Year 1317 ( MCCCXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January – March * January 9 – The 23-year-old Philip the Tall, younger brother of the late King Louis X of France, is hastily crowned K ...
– The Nyköping Banquet: King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers, dukes Valdemar and
Erik The given name Eric, Erich, Erikk, Erik, Erick, Eirik, or Eiríkur is derived from the Old Norse name ''Eiríkr'' (or ''Eríkr'' in Old East Norse due to monophthongization). The first element, ''ei-'' may be derived from the older Proto-Nor ...
, who are subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle. * 1508 – The
League of Cambrai The League of Cambrai was a military coalition against the Republic of Venice formed on 10 December 1508, by the main European powers (Holy Roman Empire, France, Aragon and their allies), to maintain their hegemony over the Italian Peninsula. Th ...
is formed by
Pope Julius II Pope Julius II (; ; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope, the Battle Pope or the Fearsome ...
,
Louis XII of France Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515), also known as Louis of Orléans was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples (as Louis III) from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Marie of Cleves, he succeeded his second ...
,
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519. He was never crowned by the Pope, as the journey to Rome was blocked by the Venetians. He proclaimed hi ...
and
Ferdinand II of Aragon Ferdinand II, also known as Ferdinand I, Ferdinand III, and Ferdinand V (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516), called Ferdinand the Catholic, was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband and co-ruler of Queen Isabella I of ...
as an alliance against
Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
. *
1520 Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March *January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at Lake Åsunden in Sweden. The Swedish regent St ...
Martin Luther Martin Luther ( ; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, Theology, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and former Order of Saint Augustine, Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal figure of the Reformation, Pr ...
burns his copy of the
papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden Seal (emblem), seal (''bulla (seal), bulla'') traditionally appended to authenticate it. History Papal ...
''
Exsurge Domine is a papal bull promulgated on 15 June 1520 by Pope Leo X written in response to Martin Luther's '' Ninety-five Theses'', which opposed the views of the Catholic Church. The bull censured forty-one of the ''Ninety-five Theses'', and threaten ...
'' outside
Wittenberg Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is the fourth-largest town in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, in the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany. It is situated on the River Elbe, north of Leipzig and south-west of the reunified German ...
's Elster Gate. *
1541 __NOTOC__ Year 1541 ( MDXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 4 – Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic o ...
Thomas Culpeper Thomas Culpeper ( – 10 December 1541) was an English courtier and close friend of Henry VIII, and was related to two of his queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard. He is known to have had many private meetings with Catherine during he ...
and
Francis Dereham Francis Dereham (c. 1506/09 – executed ) was a Tudor courtier whose involvement with Henry VIII's fifth Queen, Catherine Howard, in her youth, prior to engagement with the king, was eventually found out and led to his arrest. The information ...
are executed for having affairs with
Catherine Howard Catherine Howard ( – 13 February 1542) was Queen of England from July 1540 until November 1541 as the fifth wife of King Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Lord Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper, a first cousin to Anne Boleyn (the second ...
, Queen of England and wife of
Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is known for his Wives of Henry VIII, six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. ...
.


1601–1900

*
1652 Events January–March * January 8 – Michiel de Ruyter marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the First Anglo-Dutch War. * February 4 – At Edinburgh, the parl ...
– Defeat at the
Battle of Dungeness A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
causes the
Commonwealth of England The Commonwealth of England was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when Kingdom of England, England and Wales, later along with Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, were governed as a republi ...
to reform its navy. *
1665 Events January–March * January 5 – The ''Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France. * February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanis ...
– The
Royal Netherlands Marine Corps The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps () is the elite naval infantry corps of the Royal Netherlands Navy, one of the four Armed Forces of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The marines trace their origins to the establishment of the on 10 Decembe ...
is founded by
Michiel de Ruyter Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter (; 24 March 1607 – 29 April 1676) was a Dutch States Navy officer. His achievements with the Dutch navy during the Anglo-Dutch Wars earned him the reputation as one of the most skilled naval commanders in ...
. *
1684 Events January–March * January 5 ** King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn. ** The earliest form of what is now the University of Tokyo (formally chartere ...
Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed ...
's derivation of
Kepler's laws In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, published by Johannes Kepler in 1609 (except the third law, which was fully published in 1619), describe the orbits of planets around the Sun. These laws replaced circular orbits and epicycles in ...
from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper ''
De motu corporum in gyrum (from Latin: "On the motion of bodies in an orbit"; abbreviated ) is the presumed title of a manuscript by Isaac Newton sent to Edmond Halley in November 1684. The manuscript was prompted by a visit from Halley earlier that year when he had qu ...
'', is read to the
Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...
by
Edmond Halley Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720. From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, Hal ...
. *
1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Re ...
– The first edition of the ''
Encyclopædia Britannica The is a general knowledge, general-knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It has been published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. since 1768, although the company has changed ownership seven times. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, ...
'' is published. *
1799 Events January–March * January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars. * January ...
– France adopts the metre as its official
unit of length A unit of length refers to any arbitrarily chosen and accepted reference standard for measurement of length. The most common units in modern use are the metric units, used in every country globally. In the United States the U.S. customary un ...
. *
1817 Events January–March * January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island. * January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing t ...
Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...
becomes the 20th
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its so ...
. *
1861 This year saw significant progress in the Unification of Italy, the outbreak of the American Civil War, and the emancipation reform abolishing serfdom in the Russian Empire. Events January * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico Ci ...
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
: The
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or Dixieland, was an List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies, unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United State ...
accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares
Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...
to be the 13th state of the Confederacy. * 1861 – Forces led by
Nguyễn Trung Trực Nguyễn Trung Trực (183827 October 1868), born Nguyễn Văn Lịch, was a Vietnamese fisherman who organized and led village militia forces which fought against French colonial forces in the Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam in the 1860s. He ...
, an anti-colonial guerrilla leader in southern
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
, sink the French lorcha ''L'Esperance''. *
1864 Events January * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song "Beautiful Dream ...
– American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Major General
William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman ( ; February 8, 1820February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a General officer, general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), earning recognit ...
's Union Army troops reach the outer
Confederate A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...
defenses of
Savannah, Georgia Savannah ( ) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and the county seat of Chatham County, Georgia, Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the Kingdom of Great Brita ...
. *
1877 Events January * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act 1876, introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great Sioux War of 1876: Batt ...
Russo-Turkish War The Russo-Turkish wars ( ), or the Russo-Ottoman wars (), began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of ...
: The Russian Army captures Plevna after a 5-month siege. The garrison of 25,000 surviving Turks surrenders. The Russian victory is decisive for the outcome of the war and the
Liberation of Bulgaria The Liberation of Bulgaria is the historical process as a result of the Bulgarian Revival. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) that led to the re-establishme ...
. *
1896 Events January * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports Wilhelm Röntgen's dis ...
Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (; ; 8 September 1873 – 1 November 1907) was a French Artistic symbol, symbolist writer who is best known for his play ''Ubu Roi'' (1896)'','' often cited as a forerunner of the Dada, Surrealism, Surrealist, and Futurism, Futurist ...
's ''
Ubu Roi ''Ubu Roi'' (; "Ubu the King" or "King Ubu") is a play by French writer Alfred Jarry, then 23 years old. It was first performed in Paris in 1896, by Aurélien Lugné-Poe's Théâtre de l'Œuvre at the Nouveau-Théâtre (today, the Théâtre de ...
'' premieres in Paris. A riot breaks out at the end of the performance. *
1898 Events January * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: The Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the conflict. Spain cedes administration of
Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
to the United States, and the United States agrees to pay Spain $20 million for the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
.


1901–present

*
1901 December 13 of this year is the beginning of signed 32-bit Unix time, and is scheduled to end in January 19, 2038. Summary Political and military 1901 started with the unification of multiple British colonies in Australia on January ...
– The first
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
ceremony is held in Stockholm on the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. *
1902 Events January * January 1 ** The Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's ...
– The opening of the reservoir of the
Aswan Dam The Aswan Dam, or Aswan High Dam, is one of the world's largest embankment dams, which was built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970. When it was completed, it was the tallest earthen dam in the world, surpassing the Chatuge D ...
in
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
. *
1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
– U.S. President
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as Teddy or T.R., was the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt previously was involved in New York (state), New York politics, incl ...
is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish language, Swedish and ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the Will and testament, will of Sweden, Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobe ...
for his role in the mediation of the
Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. The major land battles of the war were fought on the ...
, becoming the first American to win a Nobel Prize in any field. *
1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
– The worst night of the Brown Dog riots in London, when 1,000 medical students, protesting against the existence of a memorial for animals that have been vivisected, clash with 400 police officers. * 1909
Selma Lagerlöf Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (, , ; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Swedish writer. She published her first novel, ''Gösta Berling's Saga'', at the age of 33. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she was ...
becomes the first female writer to receive the
Nobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning ''for'' Literature (), is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in ...
. *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
becomes a
constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. ...
. *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
Abdication Crisis In early December 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was in the process of divorcing her second. T ...
:
Edward VIII Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972), later known as the Duke of Windsor, was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January ...
signs the ''
Instrument of Abdication His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 ( 1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6. c. 3) is the act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that recognised and ratified the abdication of King Edward VIII and passed succession to his brother King George ...
''. *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: The
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
capital ships and are sunk by
Imperial Japanese Navy The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ' 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or ''Nippon Kaigun'', 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, Potsdam Declaration, when it was dissolved followin ...
torpedo bomber A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes. Torpedo bombers came into existence just before the World War I, First World War almost as soon as aircraft were built that were capable of carryin ...
s near
British Malaya The term "British Malaya" (; ) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British Empire, British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century. Unlike the ...
. * 1941 – World War II: Battle of the Philippines:
Imperial Japan The Empire of Japan, also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was the Japanese nation state that existed from the Meiji Restoration on January 3, 1868, until the Constitution of Japan took effect on May 3, 1947. From Japan–Kor ...
ese forces under the command of General Masaharu Homma land on
Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...
. *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– World War II: Government of Poland in exile send Raczyński's Note (the first official report on the
Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...
) to 26 governments who signed the
Declaration by United Nations The Declaration by United Nations was the main treaty that formalized the Allies of World War II and was signed by 47 national governments between 1942 and 1945. On 1 January 1942, during the Arcadia Conference in Washington D.C., the Allied " B ...
. *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
The Human Rights Convention is signed by the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
. *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government, government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Armed conflict continued intermitt ...
: The
People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It consists of four Military branch, services—People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Ground Force, People's ...
begins its siege of
Chengdu Chengdu; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, previously Romanization of Chinese, romanized as Chengtu. is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a ...
, the last
Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ...
-held city in
mainland China "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a Geopolitics, geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addit ...
, forcing
President of the Republic of China The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Taiwan, Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Republic of China (1912– ...
Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
. *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
Prime Minister
Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, military officer, and writer who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 (Winston Churchill in the Second World War, ...
receives the
Nobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning ''for'' Literature (), is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in ...
. *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
Zanzibar Zanzibar is a Tanzanian archipelago off the coast of East Africa. It is located in the Indian Ocean, and consists of many small Island, islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba Island. ...
gains independence from the United Kingdom as a
constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. ...
, under Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah. * 1963 – An assassination attempt on the British High Commissioner in Aden kills two people and wounds dozens more. *
1968 Events January–February * January 1968, January – The I'm Backing Britain, I'm Backing Britain campaign starts spontaneously. * January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Cze ...
– Japan's biggest heist, the still-unsolved " 300 million yen robbery", is carried out in Tokyo. *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
Arab–Israeli conflict The Arab–Israeli conflict is a geopolitical phenomenon involving military conflicts and a variety of disputes between Israel and many Arab world, Arab countries. It is largely rooted in the historically supportive stance of the Arab League ...
:
Prime Minister of Israel The prime minister of Israel (, Hebrew abbreviations, Hebrew abbreviation: ; , ''Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma'') is the head of government and chief executive of the Israel, State of Israel. Israel is a parliamentary republic with a President of Isra ...
Menachem Begin Menachem Begin ( ''Menaḥem Begin'', ; (Polish documents, 1931–1937); ; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of both Herut and Likud and the prime minister of Israel. Before the creation of the state of Isra ...
and
President of Egypt The president of the Arab Republic of Egypt () is the executive head of state of Egypt and the de facto appointer of the official head of government under the Egyptian Constitution of 2014. Under the various iterations of the History of the Egypt ...
Anwar Sadat Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until Assassination of Anwar Sadat, his assassination by fundame ...
are jointly awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish language, Swedish and ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the Will and testament, will of Sweden, Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobe ...
. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
Kaohsiung Incident The Kaohsiung Incident, also known as the Formosa Incident, the Meilidao Incident, or the ''Formosa Magazine'' incident,tang was a crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations that occurred in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, on 10 December 1979 during Taiwa ...
: Taiwanese pro-democracy demonstrations are suppressed by the KMT dictatorship, and organizers are arrested. *
1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...
Democracy Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitiv ...
is restored in
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
with the inauguration of President
Raúl Alfonsín Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín (; 12 March 1927 – 31 March 2009) was an Argentine lawyer and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 8 July 1989. He was the first democratically elected president after the 7-yea ...
. *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; , AGNU or AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ. Currently in its Seventy-ninth session of th ...
recognizes the Convention against Torture. *
1989 1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
Mongolian Revolution: At the country's first open pro-democracy public demonstration,
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (; born 30 March 1963) is a Mongolian politician and journalist who served as President of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. He previously served as prime minister in 1998 and again from 2004 to 2006. Elbegdorj was one of the k ...
announces the establishment of the Mongolian Democratic Union. *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
Nursultan Nazarbayev Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev (born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakhstani politician who served as the first president of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2019. He also held the special title of Elbasy from 2010 to 2022 and chairman of the Security Council of ...
is sworn in as the 1st
President of Kazakhstan The president of Kazakhstan, officially the president of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the executive head of state of the Kazakhstan and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As the highest-ranking official ...
. *1991 – The
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Kazakhstan, the Kazakh SSR, KSSR, or simply Kazakhstan, was one of the transcontinental country, transcontinental Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Un ...
is renamed into the
Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
. *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
– The last shift leaves Wearmouth Colliery in
Sunderland Sunderland () is a port City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is a port at the mouth of the River Wear on the North Sea, approximately south-east of Newcastle upon Tyne. It is the most p ...
. The closure of the 156-year-old pit marks the end of the old
County Durham County Durham, officially simply Durham, is a ceremonial county in North East England.UK General Acts 1997 c. 23Lieutenancies Act 1997 Schedule 1(3). From legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 6 April 2022. The county borders Northumberland and Tyne an ...
coalfield A coalfield is an area of certain uniform characteristics where coal is mined. The criteria for determining the approximate boundary of a coalfield are geographical and cultural, in addition to geological. A coalfield often groups the seams of ...
, which had been in operation since the Middle Ages. *
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
Rwandan genocide The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Gre ...
: Maurice Baril, military advisor to the U.N.
Secretary-General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...
and head of the Military Division of the
Department of Peacekeeping Operations The Department of Peace Operations (DPO) (French: ''Département des opérations de maintien de la paix'') is a department of the United Nations charged with the planning, preparation, management, and direction of United Nations peacekeeping, ...
, recommends that UNAMIR stand down. *
1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...
– The
Israeli army The Israeli Ground Forces () are the Army, ground forces of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The commander is the GOC Army Headquarters, General Officer Commanding with the rank of major general, the ''Mazi'', subordinate to the Chief of the Gen ...
withdraws from
Nablus Nablus ( ; , ) is a State of Palestine, Palestinian city in the West Bank, located approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 156,906. Located between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a ...
pursuant to the terms of Oslo Accord. *
1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
– The new
Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, it sets out the human rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of t ...
is promulgated by
Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( , ; born Rolihlahla Mandela; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist and politician who served as the first president of South Africa f ...
. *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
Helen Clark Helen Elizabeth Clark (born 26 February 1950) is a New Zealand politician who served as the 37th prime minister of New Zealand from 1999 to 2008 and was the administrator of the United Nations Development Programme from 2009 to 2017. She was ...
is sworn in as
Prime Minister of New Zealand The prime minister of New Zealand () is the head of government of New Zealand. The prime minister, Christopher Luxon, leader of the New Zealand National Party, took office on 27 November 2023. The prime minister (informally abbreviated to P ...
, the second woman to hold the post and the first following an election. *
2005 2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145 crashes at Port Harcourt International Airport in
Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, ...
, killing 108 people. *
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
– Palestinian minister Ziad Abu Ein is killed after the suppression of a demonstration by Israeli forces in the village ( Turmus'ayya) in
Ramallah Ramallah ( , ; ) is a Palestinians, Palestinian city in the central West Bank, that serves as the administrative capital of the State of Palestine. It is situated on the Judaean Mountains, north of Jerusalem, at an average elevation of abov ...
. *
2015 2015 was designated by the United Nations as: * International Year of Light * International Year of Soil __TOC__ Events January * January 1 – Lithuania officially adopts the euro as its currency, replacing the litas, and becomes ...
Rojava conflict The Rojava Conflict, also known as the Rojava Revolution, is a political upheaval and military conflict taking place in northern Syria, known among Kurds as Syrian Kurdistan, Western Kurdistan or Rojava. During the Syrian civil war that began ...
: The Syrian Democratic Council is established in Dêrik, forming the political wing of the
Syrian Democratic Forces The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) is a Kurds in Syria, Kurdish-led coalition of U.S.-backed Left-wing politics, left-wing ethnic militias and rebel groups, and serves as the official military wing of the Democratic Autonomous Administration ...
in northeast Syria. *
2016 2016 was designated as: * International Year of Pulses by the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly. * International Year of Global Understanding (IYGU) by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Internationa ...
Two explosions outside a football stadium in
Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
,
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
, kill 38 people and injure 166 others. *
2017 2017 was designated as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations General Assembly. Events January * January 1 – Istanbul nightclub shooting: A gunman dressed as Santa Claus opens fire at the ...
ISIL The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist organization and unrecognized quasi-state. IS occupied signif ...
is defeated in
Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...
. *
2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
– The Ostrava hospital attack in the Czech Republic results in eight deaths, including the perpetrator. *
2021 Like the year 2020, 2021 was also heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the emergence of multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 variants. The major global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, which began at the end of 2020, continued ...
– A widespread, deadly, and violent
tornado outbreak A tornado outbreak is the occurrence of multiple tornadoes spawned by the same Synoptic scale meteorology, synoptic scale weather system. The number of tornadoes required to qualify as an outbreak typically are at least six to ten, with at least ...
slams the Central,
Midwestern The Midwestern United States (also referred to as the Midwest, the Heartland or the American Midwest) is one of the four census regions defined by the United States Census Bureau. It occupies the northern central part of the United States. It ...
, and Southern regions of the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. Eighty-nine people are killed by the tornadoes, with most of the fatalities occurring in
Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...
, where a single tornado kills 57 people, and injures hundreds of others.


Births


Pre-1600

* 553Houzhu, emperor of the
Chen dynasty The Chen dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Chen (南陳 / 南朝陳) in historiography, was a Dynasties in Chinese history, Chinese imperial dynasty and the fourth and last of the Northern and Southern dynasties#Southern dynasties, ...
(died 604) *
1376 Year 1376 ( MCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March – The peace treaty between England and France is extended until April, 1377. * March 31 – Pope Gregory ...
Edmund Mortimer, English nobleman and rebel (died 1409) * 1452
Johannes Stöffler Johannes Stöffler (also ''Stöfler, Stoffler, Stoeffler''; 10 December 1452 – 16 February 1531) was a German mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, priest, maker of astronomical instruments and professor at the University of Tübingen. Life Jo ...
, German mathematician and astronomer (died 1531) * 1472
Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk, later Duchess of York and Duchess of Norfolk (10 December 1472 – 19 November 1481) was the child bride of Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, one of the Princes in the Tower. She died at the age o ...
(died 1481) * 1489
Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours Gaston de Foix, duc de Nemours (10 December 1489 – 11 April 1512), nicknamed The Thunderbolt of Italy, was a famed French military commander of the Renaissance. Nephew of King Louis XII of France and general of his armies in Kingdom of Italy ...
(died 1512) *
1588 Events January–March * January 22 – Pope Sixtus V issues the papal bull '' Immensa aeterni Dei'', a major reorganization of the Roman Curia creating 15 congregations of cardinals, including the Congregation of the ''Index ...
Isaac Beeckman Isaac Beeckman (10 December 1588van Berkel, p10 – 19 May 1637) was a Dutch philosopher and scientist, who, through his studies and contact with leading natural philosophers, may have "virtually given birth to modern atomism".Harold J. Cook, in ...
, Dutch scientist and philosopher (died 1637)


1601–1900

*
1610 Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broa ...
Adriaen van Ostade, Dutch painter (died 1685) *
1654 Events January–March * January 6 – In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in the modern-day state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11 – Arauco War – Battle of Río B ...
Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole (10 December 1654 – 22 July 1719) was an italy, Italian painter and engraver from Bologna, active in the late-Baroque period. Upon the death of Carlo Cignani, Gioseffo dal Sole became among the most prominent painter ...
, Italian painter (died 1719) *
1658 Events January–March * January 13 – Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in the Tower of London. * January 30 – The " March Across the Belts" (''Tåget över Bält''), Sweden's use of winter w ...
Lancelot Blackburne, Archbishop of York (died 1743) *
1713 Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take ...
Johann Nicolaus Mempel, German cantor and organist (died 1747) * 1751George Shaw, English botanist and zoologist (died 1813) *
1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January ...
Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este (died 1848) *
1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ...
María Bibiana Benítez, Puerto Rican poet and playwright (died 1873) *
1787 Events January–March * January 9 – The North Carolina General Assembly authorizes nine commissioners to purchase of land for the seat of Chatham County. The town is named Pittsborough (later shortened to Pittsboro), for W ...
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet (December 10, 1787 – September 10, 1851) was an American educator. Along with Laurent Clerc and Mason Fitch Cogswell, Mason Cogswell, he co-founded the first permanent institution for the Education of the Deaf, educatio ...
, American educator, founded the
American School for the Deaf American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, ...
(died 1851) *
1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * February 14 – The First Serbian uprising begins th ...
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (; ; 10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants and number theory. Biography Jacobi was ...
, German mathematician and academic (died 1851) *
1805 After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created. * February 7 – King Anouvong become ...
William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison (December , 1805 – May 24, 1879) was an Abolitionism in the United States, American abolitionist, journalist, and reformism (historical), social reformer. He is best known for his widely read anti-slavery newspaper ''The ...
, American journalist and activist, founded '' The Liberator'' (died 1879) * 1805 – Joseph Škoda, Czech physician, dermatologist, and academic (died 1881) *
1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón ...
Caroline Mehitable Fisher Sawyer, American poet, biographer, and editor (died 1894) *
1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Pr ...
Ada Lovelace Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (''née'' Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852), also known as Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-pur ...
, English mathematician and computer scientist (died 1852) *
1821 Events January–March * January 21 – Peter I Island in the Antarctic is first sighted, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. * January 26 – Congress of Laibach convenes to deal with outstanding international issues, particularly ...
Nikolay Nekrasov, Russian poet and critic (died 1877) *
1822 Events January–March * January 1 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus. * January 3 – The famous French explorer, Aimé Bonpland, is imprisoned in Paraguay on charges of espionage. ...
César Franck César Auguste Jean Guillaume Hubert Franck (; 10 December 1822 – 8 November 1890) was a French Romantic music, Romantic composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher born in present-day Belgium. He was born in Liège (which at the time of h ...
, Belgian organist and composer (died 1890) *
1824 Events January–March * January 1 – John Stuart Mill begins publication of The Westminster Review. The first article is by William Johnson Fox * January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of th ...
George MacDonald George MacDonald (10 December 1824 – 18 September 1905) was a Scottish author, poet and Christian Congregational minister. He became a pioneering figure in the field of modern fantasy literature and the mentor of fellow-writer Lewis Carrol ...
, Scottish minister, author, and poet (died 1905) *
1827 Events January–March * January 5 – The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place in Tasmania (called at the time ''Van Diemen's Land''), on the River Derwent at Hobart. * January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826, b ...
Eugene O'Keefe Eugene O'Keefe (10 December 1827 – 1 October 1913), baptized as Owen Keeffe, was an Irish-born Canadians, Canadian businessman and philanthropist, well-known in the brewing industry for his signature brews. He incorporated the O'Keefe Brewe ...
, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (died 1913) *
1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) ...
Emily Dickinson Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (December 10, 1830 – May 15, 1886) was an American poet. Little-known during her life, she has since been regarded as one of the most important figures in American poetry. Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massac ...
, American poet (died 1886) *
1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion in China, one of the bloodiest revolts that would lead to 20 million deaths. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-d ...
Melvil Dewey Melville Louis Kossuth "Melvil" Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator who invented the Dewey Decimal system of library classification. He was a founder of the Lake Placid Club, a chief librarian a ...
, American librarian, created the Dewey Decimal System (died 1931) *
1866 Events January * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman troops clash ...
Louis Bolk Lodewijk 'Louis' Bolk (10 December 1866, Overschie – 17 June 1930, Amsterdam) was a Dutch anatomist who created the fetalization theory about the human body. It states that when a human being is born, it is still a fetus, as can be seen ...
, Dutch anatomist and biologist (died 1930) *
1870 Events January * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge be ...
Jadunath Sarkar Sir Jadunath Sarkar, (10 December 1870 – 19 May 1958) was a prominent Indian historian and a specialist on the Mughal dynasty. Sarkar was educated in English literature and worked as a teacher for some time but later shifted his focus to h ...
, Indian historian (died 1958) * 1870 –
Adolf Loos Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos (; 10 December 1870 – 23 August 1933) was an Austrian and Czechoslovak architect, influential European theorist, and a polemicist of modern architecture. He was inspired by modernism and a widely-known c ...
, Austrian architect and theoretician (died 1933) * 1870 –
Pierre Louÿs Pierre-Félix Louÿs (; 10 December 1870 – 4 June 1925) was a Belgian poet and writer, most renowned for lesbian and classical themes in some of his writings. He is known as a writer who sought to "express pagan sensuality with stylistic perf ...
, Belgian-French author and poet (died 1925) *
1878 Events January * January 5 – Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Shipka Pass IV – Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. * January 17 – Russo-Turkish War: ...
C. Rajagopalachari Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), popularly known as Rajaji or C.R., also known as Mootharignar Rajaji (Rajaji'', the Scholar Emeritus''), was an Indian statesman, writer, lawyer, and Indian independence ...
, Indian lawyer and politician, 45th
Governor-General of India The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the emperor o ...
(died 1972) *1878 – Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Indian Muslim activist (died 1931) *
1882 Events January * January 2 ** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates. ** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in New York at the ...
Otto Neurath Otto Karl Wilhelm Neurath (; ; 10 December 1882 – 22 December 1945) was an Austrian-born philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist. He was also the inventor of the ISOTYPE method of pictorial statistics and an innovator in ...
, Austrian sociologist and philosopher (died 1945) * 1882 –
Shigenori Tōgō was Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of Japan at both the start and the end of the Axis–Allied conflict during World War II. He also served as Minister of Colonial Affairs in 1941, and assumed the same position, renamed the Minist ...
, Japanese politician, 37th Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (died 1950) *
1883 Events January * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * January 16 – ...
Giovanni Messe Giovanni Messe (10 December 1883 – 18 December 1968) was an Italian field marshal and politician. In the Second World War, he was captured in Tunisia but made chief of staff of the Italian Co-belligerent Army after the armistice of September ...
, Italian field marshal and politician (died 1968) * 1885Elizabeth Baker, American economist and academic (died 1973) * 1885 – Marios Varvoglis, Greek composer and conductor (died 1967) *
1886 Events January * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British rule in Burma, British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5–January 9, 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson ...
Victor McLaglen Victor Andrew de Bier Everleigh McLaglen (10 December 1886 – 7 November 1959) was a British-American actor and boxer.Obituary '' Variety'', 11 November 1959, page 79. His film career spanned from the early 1920s through the 1950s, initially ...
, English-American actor (died 1959) *
1889 Events January * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas ...
Ray Collins, American actor (died 1965) *
1890 Events January * January 1 – The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony in the Horn of Africa. * January 2 – Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the White House. * January 11 – 1890 British Ultimatum: The Uni ...
László Bárdossy, Hungarian politician and diplomat, 33rd
Prime Minister of Hungary The prime minister of Hungary () is the head of government of Hungary. The prime minister and the government of Hungary, Cabinet are collectively accountability, accountable for their policies and actions to the National Assembly (Hungary), Par ...
(died 1946) *
1891 Events January * January 1 ** A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence. **Germany takes formal possession of its new African territories. * January 4 – The Earl of Zetland issues a ...
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis Field marshal (United Kingdom), Field Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (10 December 1891 – 16 June 1969), was a senior and highly decorated British Army officer who served in both of the world wars. ...
, English field marshal and politician, 17th
Governor General of Canada The governor general of Canada () is the federal representative of the . The monarch of Canada is also sovereign and head of state of 14 other Commonwealth realms and resides in the United Kingdom. The monarch, on the Advice (constitutional la ...
(died 1969) * 1891 – Arlie Mucks, American discus thrower and shot putter (died 1967) * 1891 –
Nelly Sachs Nelly Sachs (; 10 December 1891 – 12 May 1970) was a German–Swedish poet and playwright. Her experiences resulting from the rise of the Nazism, Nazis in World War II Europe transformed her into a poignant spokesperson for the grief and yearn ...
, German-Swedish poet and playwright,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (died 1970) *
1896 Events January * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports Wilhelm Röntgen's dis ...
Torsten Bergström, Swedish actor and director (died 1948)


1901–present

*
1903 Events January * January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India. * January 10 – The Aceh Sultanate was fully annexed by the Dutch forces, deposing the last sultan, marking the end of the Aceh War that have lasted for al ...
Una Merkel Una Merkel (December 10, 1903 – January 2, 1986) was an American stage, film, radio, and television actress. Merkel was born in Kentucky and acted on stage in New York in the 1920s. She went to Hollywood in 1930 and became a popular fil ...
, American actress (died 1986) *
1904 Events January * January 7 – The distress signal ''CQD'' is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by ''SOS''. * January 8 – The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library system. * ...
– Antonín Novotný, Czechoslovak politician, List of presidents of Czechoslovakia, President of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (died 1975) *
1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
– Harold Adamson, American lyricist (died 1980) * 1906 – Jules Ladoumègue, French runner (died 1973) *
1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
– Rumer Godden, English author and poet (died 1998) * 1907 – Lucien Laurent, French footballer and coach (died 2005) * 1907 – Amedeo Nazzari, Italian actor (died 1979) *1908 – Olivier Messiaen, French composer and ornithologist (died 1992) * 1909 – Hermes Pan, American dancer and choreographer (died 1990) *1910 – Ambrosio Padilla, Filipino basketball player and politician (died 1996) *1911 – Chet Huntley, American journalist (died 1974) *1912 – Philip Hart, American lawyer and politician, 49th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (died 1976) * 1912 – Tetsuji Takechi, Japanese theatrical and film director, critic, and author (died 1988) * 1912 – René Toribio, Guadeloupean politician (died 1990) *1913 – Pannonica de Koenigswarter, English-American jazz patron and writer (died 1988) * 1913 – Morton Gould, American pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1996) * 1913 – Harry Locke, English actor (died 1987) * 1913 – Ray Nance, American trumpeter, violinist, and singer (died 1976) *1914 – Dorothy Lamour, American actress and singer (died 1996) *1915 – Nicky Barr, Australian rugby player, soldier, and pilot (died 2006) *1916 – Walt Arfons, American race car driver (died 2013) *1918 – Anne Gwynne, American actress (died 2003) * 1918 – Anatoli Tarasov, Russian ice hockey player and coach (died 1995) *1919 – Alexander Courage, American composer and conductor (died 2008) *1920 – Clarice Lispector, Ukrainian-Brazilian journalist and author (died 1977) * 1920 – Reginald Rose, American screenwriter and producer (died 2002) *1921 – Toh Chin Chye, Singaporean academic and politician, 1st Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (died 2012) *1922 – Agnes Nixon, American television writer and director (died 2016) *1923 – Harold Gould, American actor (died 2010) * 1923 – Clorindo Testa, Italian-Argentinian architect, designed the National Library of the Argentine Republic and Marriott Plaza Hotel, Buenos Aires, Marriott Plaza Hotel (died 2013) *1924 – Ken Albers, American singer and musician (died 2007) * 1924 – Michael Manley, Jamaican pilot and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Jamaica (died 1997) *1925 – Carolyn Kizer, American poet and academic (died 2014) *1926 – Guitar Slim, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1959) *1927 – Bob Farrell (motivational speaker), Bob Farrell, American businessman, founded Farrell's Ice Cream Parlour (died 2015) * 1927 – Danny Matt, German-Israeli general (died 2013) *1928 – Barbara Nichols, American actress (died 1976) *1930 – Wayne D. Anderson, American baseball player and coach (died 2013) * 1930 – Ray Felix, American basketball player (died 1991) * 1930 – Michael Jopling, Baron Jopling, English farmer and politician, Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food *1931 – Peter Baker (footballer, born 1931), Peter Baker, English-South African footballer and manager (died 2016) *1933 – Philip R. Craig, American author (died 2007) * 1933 – Mako Iwamatsu, Japanese actor (died 2006) *1934 – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1994) *1935 – Terry Allcock, English footballer and cricketer (died 2024) * 1935 – Jaromil Jireš, Czech director and screenwriter (died 2001) *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
– Howard Smith (director), Howard Smith, American journalist, director, and producer (died 2014) *1938 – Bill Dunk, Australian golfer * 1938 – Yuri Temirkanov, Russian viola player and conductor (died 2023) *1939 – Dick Bavetta, American basketball player and referee * 1939 – Barry Cunliffe, English archaeologist and academic *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
– Ken Campbell, English actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2008) * 1941 – Fionnula Flanagan, Irish actress and producer * 1941 – Tommy Kirk, American actor (died 2021) * 1941 – Tommy Rettig, American child actor (died 1996) * 1941 – Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer and actor (died 1985) *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– Ann Gloag, Scottish nurse and businesswoman *1944 – Andris Bērziņš (Latvian President), Andris Bērziņš, Latvian businessman and politician, 8th President of Latvia * 1944 – John Birt, Baron Birt, English businessman * 1944 – Steve Renko, American baseball player *1945 – Mukhtar Altynbayev, Kazakhstani general and politician, 3rd Defence Minister of Kazakhstan *1946 – Douglas Kenney, American satirist (died 1980) *1947 – Rasul Guliyev, Azerbaijani engineer and politician, 22nd Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
– Dušan Bajević, Bosnian footballer and manager * 1948 – Jessica Cleaves, American singer-songwriter (died 2014) * 1948 – Jasuben Shilpi, Indian sculptor (died 2013) *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
– Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, Ugandan-English journalist and author * 1949 – David Perdue, American politician *1950 – John Boozman, American football player, lawyer, and politician * 1950 – Simon Owen, New Zealand golfer *1951 – Johnny Rodriguez, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2025) *1952 – Clive Anderson, English lawyer and television host * 1952 – Susan Dey, American actress * 1952 – Greg Mortimer, Australian geologist and mountaineer * 1952 – Greg Laurie, American author and pastor * 1952 – Paul Varul, Estonian lawyer and politician, 6th Ministry of Justice (Estonia), Estonian Minister of Justice *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
– Chris Bury, American journalist and academic *1954 – Eudine Barriteau, Barbadian economist and academic * 1954 – Price Cobb, American race car driver and manager * 1954 – Jack Hues, English singer-songwriter and musician *1956 – Rod Blagojevich, American lawyer and politician, 40th Governor of Illinois * 1956 – Roberto Cassinelli, Italian lawyer and politician * 1956 – Jan van Dijk (footballer), Jan van Dijk, Dutch footballer and manager *1957 – Michael Clarke Duncan, American actor (died 2012) * 1957 – Paul Hardcastle, English composer and producer * 1957 – Prem Rawat, Indian-American guru and educator *1958 – Cornelia Funke, German-American author * 1958 – Kathryn Stott, English pianist and academic *1959 – Mark Aguirre, American basketball player and coach * 1959 – Udi Aloni, American-Israeli director and author * 1959 – Kevin Ash, English journalist and author (died 2013) * 1959 – Wolf Hoffmann, German guitarist *1960 – Kenneth Branagh, British actor director, producer, and screenwriter * 1960 – Kōichi Satō (actor), Kōichi Satō, Japanese actor *1961 – Mark McKoy, Canadian hurdler and sprinter * 1961 – Nia Peeples, American singer and actress *1962 – Rakhat Aliyev, Kazakh politician and diplomat (died 2015) * 1962 – John de Wolf, Dutch footballer and manager *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
– Jahangir Khan, Pakistani squash player *1964 – Stephen Billington, English actor * 1964 – Stef Blok, Dutch banker and politician, List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands, Dutch Minister of the Interior * 1964 – Bobby Flay, American chef and author * 1964 – Edith González, Mexican actress (died 2019) *1965 – Greg Giraldo, American lawyer, comedian, actor, and screenwriter (died 2010) * 1965 – J Mascis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1965 – Stephanie Morgenstern, Swiss-Canadian actress, producer, and screenwriter *1966 – Rein Ahas, Estonian geographer and academic * 1966 – Robin Brooke, New Zealand rugby player * 1966 – Mel Rojas, Dominican baseball player * 1966 – Penelope Trunk, American writer *
1968 Events January–February * January 1968, January – The I'm Backing Britain, I'm Backing Britain campaign starts spontaneously. * January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Cze ...
– Yōko Oginome, Japanese singer, actress, and voice actress *1969 – Darren Berry, Australian cricketer and coach * 1969 – Rob Blake, Canadian ice hockey player and executive *1970 – Kevin Sharp, American singer-songwriter (died 2014) * 1970 – Bryant Stith, American basketball player and coach *1972 – Donavon Frankenreiter, American surfer, singer-songwriter, and guitarist * 1972 – Brian Molko, British-Belgian singer-songwriter *1973 – Rusty LaRue, American basketball player and coach * 1973 – Gabriela Spanic, Venezuelan actress *1974 – Meg White, American drummer *1975 – Steve Bradley, American wrestler (died 2008) * 1975 – Emmanuelle Chriqui, Canadian actress * 1975 – Josip Skoko, Australian footballer *1976 – Shane Byrne (motorcycle racer), Shane Byrne, English motorcycle racer *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
– Anna Jesień, Polish hurdler * 1978 – Summer Phoenix, American actress *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Matt Bentley, American wrestler * 1979 – Iain Brunnschweiler, English cricketer * 1979 – Yang Jianping, Chinese recurve archer *1980 – Sarah Chang, American violinist *1981 – Taufik Batisah, Singaporean singer * 1981 – Rene Bourque, Canadian ice hockey player * 1981 – Fábio Rochemback, Brazilian footballer *1982 – Claudia Hoffmann, German sprinter * 1982 – Sultan Kösen, Turkish farmer, List of tallest people, tallest living person *
1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...
– Patrick Flueger, American actor * 1983 – Xavier Samuel, Australian actor *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
– JTG, American wrestler *1985 – Charlie Adam, Scottish footballer * 1985 – Roman Červenka, Czech ice hockey player * 1985 – Matt Forte, American football player * 1985 – Trésor Mputu, Congolese footballer * 1985 – Raven-Symoné, American actress, singer, and dancer * 1985 – Lê Công Vinh, Vietnamese footballer *1986 – Kahlil Bell, American football player *1987 – Gonzalo Higuaín, French-Argentinian footballer *1988 – Wilfried Bony, Ivorian footballer * 1988 – Neven Subotić, Serbian footballer *
1989 1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
– Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, French politician * 1989 – Tom Sexton (rugby union), Tom Sexton, Australian-Irish rugby player *1990 – Kazenga LuaLua, Congolese-English footballer * 1990 – Sakiko Matsui, Japanese singer and actress * 1990 – Wil Myers, American baseball player * 1990 – Teyana Taylor, American singer, songwriter, choreographer, and actress * 1990 – Shoya Tomizawa, Japanese motorcycle racer (died 2010) *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– KiKi Layne, American actress * 1991 – Eric Reid, American football player * 1991 – Dion Waiters, American basketball player *1992 – Carlos Rodón, American baseball player * 1992 – Melissa Roxburgh, Canadian-American actress *
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
– Richard Kennar, Samoan rugby league player * 1994 – Matti Klinga, Finnish footballer *
1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...
– Tacko Fall, Senegalese basketball player *
1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
– Joe Burrow, American football player * 1996 – Kang Daniel, South Korean singer and entrepreneur *1997 – Viktoriia Savtsova, Ukrainian Paralympic swimmer *1998 – Lucia Bronzetti, Italian tennis player *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– Reiss Nelson, English footballer *2000 – Jeremie Frimpong, Dutch footballer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 925 – Sancho I of Pamplona, Sancho I, king of Kingdom of Navarra, Pamplona * 949 – Herman I, Duke of Swabia * 990 – Folcmar (bishop), Folcmar, bishop of Episcopal principality of Utrecht, Utrecht *1041 – Michael IV the Paphlagonian, Byzantine emperor (born 1010) *1081 – Nikephoros III Botaneiates, deposed Byzantine Emperor (born c.1002) *1113 – Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan, Radwan, ruler of Aleppo *1310 – Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria (born 1271) *1454 – Ignatius Behnam Hadloyo, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. *1475 – Paolo Uccello, Italian painter (born 1397) * 1508 – René II, Duke of Lorraine (born 1451) *
1541 __NOTOC__ Year 1541 ( MDXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 4 – Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic o ...
Thomas Culpeper Thomas Culpeper ( – 10 December 1541) was an English courtier and close friend of Henry VIII, and was related to two of his queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard. He is known to have had many private meetings with Catherine during he ...
, English courtier (born 1514) * 1541 –
Francis Dereham Francis Dereham (c. 1506/09 – executed ) was a Tudor courtier whose involvement with Henry VIII's fifth Queen, Catherine Howard, in her youth, prior to engagement with the king, was eventually found out and led to his arrest. The information ...
, English courtier (born c. 1513) *1561 – Caspar Schwenckfeld, German theologian and writer


1601–1900

*1618 – Giulio Caccini, Italian composer and educator (born 1551) *1626 – Edmund Gunter, English mathematician and academic (born 1581) *
1665 Events January–March * January 5 – The ''Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France. * February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanis ...
– Tarquinio Merula, Italian organist, violinist, and composer (born 1594) *1736 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese soldier and politician (born 1663) *1791 – Jacob Frank, Polish religious leader (born 1726) *1831 – Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist and academic (born 1770) *1850 – Józef Bem, Polish general and physicist (born 1794) * 1850 – François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist (born 1787) *1865 – Leopold I of Belgium (born 1790) *1867 – Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai and politician (born 1836) *
1896 Events January * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports Wilhelm Röntgen's dis ...
– Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer, invented Dynamite and founded the
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
(born 1833)


1901–present

* 1909 – Red Cloud, American tribal chief (of the Oglala, Oglala nation) (born 1822) *1911 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist and explorer (born 1817) *1917 – Mackenzie Bowell, English-Canadian journalist and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Canada (born 1823) *1920 – Horace Elgin Dodge, American businessman, co-founded Dodge (born 1868) *1922 – Clement Lindley Wragge, English meteorologist and author (born 1852) *1926 – Nikola Pašić, Serbian politician, 46th Prime Minister of Serbia (born 1845) *1928 – Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish architect and painter (born 1868) *1929 – Harry Crosby, American publisher and poet (born 1898) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– Joseph Carruthers, Australian politician, 16th Premier of New South Wales (born 1857) *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
– Bobby Abel, English cricketer (born 1857) * 1936 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist, novelist, and poet
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (born 1867) *1939 – John Grieb, American gymnast and triathlete (born 1879) *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
– Colin Kelly, American captain and pilot (born 1915) *1944 – John Brunt, English captain, Victoria Cross recipient (born 1922) *1945 – Theodor Dannecker, German captain (born 1913) *1946 – Walter Johnson, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (born 1887) * 1946 – Damon Runyon, American newspaperman and short story writer (born 1884) *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
– Na Hye-sok, South Korean journalist, poet, and painter (born 1896) *1951 – Algernon Blackwood, English author and playwright (born 1869) *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
– Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Indian-English scholar and translator (born 1872) *1956 – David Shimoni, Russian-Israeli poet and translator (born 1891) *1957 – Napoleon Zervas, Greek general (born 1891) *1958 – Adolfo Camarillo, American horse breeder, rancher, and philanthropist (born 1864) *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
– K. M. Panikkar, Indian historian and diplomat (born 1894) *1967 – Otis Redding, American singer-songwriter and producer (born 1941) *
1968 Events January–February * January 1968, January – The I'm Backing Britain, I'm Backing Britain campaign starts spontaneously. * January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Cze ...
– Karl Barth, Swiss theologian and author (born 1886) * 1968 – George Forrest (Northern Ireland politician), George Forrest, Northern Irish lawyer and politician (born 1921) * 1968 – Thomas Merton, American monk and author (born 1915) *1970 – Chen Qiyou, Chinese politician and revolutionary (born 1892) *1972 – Mark Van Doren, American poet, critic, and academic (born 1894) *1973 – Wolf V. Vishniac, German-American microbiologist and academic (born 1922) *1974 – Toshinari Shōji, Japanese general (born 1890) *1977 – Adolph Rupp, American basketball player and coach (born 1901) *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
– Ed Wood, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1924) *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Ann Dvorak, American actress (born 1911) *1982 – Freeman Gosden, American actor and screenwriter (born 1899) *1987 – Jascha Heifetz, Lithuanian-American violinist and educator (born 1901) *1988 – Richard S. Castellano, American actor (born 1933) * 1988 – Johnny Lawrence (cricketer), Johnny Lawrence, English cricketer and coach (born 1911) * 1988 – Dorothy de Rothschild, English philanthropist and activist (born 1895) *1990 – Armand Hammer, American businessman, founded Occidental Petroleum (born 1898) *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– Greta Kempton, Austrian-American painter and academic (born 1901) *1992 – Dan Maskell, English tennis player and sportscaster (born 1908) *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
– Alice Tully, American soprano (born 1902) *
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
– Keith Joseph, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Education (born 1918) * 1994 – Alex Wilson (Canadian sprinter), Alex Wilson, Canadian-American sprinter (born 1905) *
1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...
– Darren Robinson (rapper), Darren Robinson, American rapper (born 1967) *
1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
– Faron Young, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (born 1932) *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– Rick Danko, Canadian singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (born 1943) * 1999 – Franjo Tuđman, Croatian general and politician, 1st President of Croatia (born 1922) * 1999 – Woodrow Borah, American historian of Spanish America (born 1912) *2000 – Marie Windsor, American actress (born 1919) *2001 – Ashok Kumar, Indian actor, singer, and producer (born 1911) *2002 – Andres Küng, Swedish journalist and politician (born 1945) * 2002 – Ian MacNaughton, Scottish actor, director, and producer (born 1925) *2003 – Sean McClory, Irish actor and director (born 1924) *2004 – Gary Webb, American journalist and author (born 1955) *
2005 2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
– Mary Jackson (actress), Mary Jackson, American actress (born 1910) * 2005 – Eugene McCarthy, American poet, academic, and politician (born 1916) * 2005 – Richard Pryor, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter (born 1940) *2006 – Olivia Coolidge, English-American author and educator (born 1908) * 2006 – Augusto Pinochet, Chilean general and dictator, 30th President of Chile (born 1915) *2007 – Vitali Hakko, Turkish businessman, founded Vakko (born 1913) *2009 – Vladimir Teplyakov, Russian soldier and physicist (born 1925) *2010 – John Fenn (chemist), John Fenn, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1917) * 2010 – J. Michael Hagopian, Armenian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1913) * 2010 – MacKenzie Miller, American horse trainer and breeder (born 1921) *2012 – Iajuddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi academic and politician, 13th President of Bangladesh (born 1931) * 2012 – Antonio Cubillo, Spanish lawyer and politician (born 1930) * 2012 – Tommy Roberts (designer), Tommy Roberts, English fashion designer (born 1942) *2013 – Alan Coleman, English-Australian director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1936) * 2013 – Jim Hall (musician), Jim Hall, American guitarist and composer (born 1930) * 2013 – Don Lund, American baseball player and coach (born 1923) * 2013 – Srikanta Wadiyar, Indian politician and the titular Maharaja of Mysore(born 1946) *
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
– Ralph Giordano (writer), Ralph Giordano, German author and publicist (born 1923) * 2014 – Robert B. Oakley, American diplomat, 19th United States Ambassador to Pakistan (born 1931) * 2014 – Bob Solinger, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1925) * 2014 – Judy Baar Topinka, American journalist and politician (born 1944) * 2014 – Gerard Vianen, Dutch cyclist (born 1944) *
2015 2015 was designated by the United Nations as: * International Year of Light * International Year of Soil __TOC__ Events January * January 1 – Lithuania officially adopts the euro as its currency, replacing the litas, and becomes ...
– Ron Bouchard, American race car driver and businessman (born 1948) * 2015 – Denis Héroux, Canadian director and producer (born 1940) * 2015 – Arnold Peralta, Honduran footballer (born 1989) * 2015 – Dolph Schayes, American basketball player and coach (born 1928) *
2017 2017 was designated as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations General Assembly. Events January * January 1 – Istanbul nightclub shooting: A gunman dressed as Santa Claus opens fire at the ...
– Bruce Brown (director), Bruce Brown, American filmmaker (born 1937) * 2017 – Max Clifford, British publicist (born 1943) * 2017 – Angry Grandpa, Charles M. Green Jr., American Internet personality (born 1950) * 2017 – Curtis W. Harris, American minister (born 1924) *
2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
– Philip McKeon, American actor (born 1964) * 2019 – Gershon Kingsley, American composer and musician (born 1922) * 2019 – Emily Mason (painter), Emily Mason, American painter (born 1932) *2020 – Tommy Lister Jr., Tommy "Tiny" Lister Jr., American actor and wrestler (born 1958) * 2020 – Joseph Safra, Lebanese-Brazilian financier (born1938) * 2020 – Carol Sutton (actress), Carol Sutton, American actress (born 1944) * 2020 – Barbara Windsor, English actress (born 1937) *
2021 Like the year 2020, 2021 was also heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the emergence of multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 variants. The major global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, which began at the end of 2020, continued ...
– Michael Nesmith, American musician (The Monkees), songwriter, actor, producer, and novelist (born 1942) *2023 – Julian Carroll, American politician, 54th Governor of Kentucky (born 1931) *2024 – Rocky Colavito, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1933) *2024 – Michael Cole (actor), Michael Cole, American actor (born 1940) *2024 – Kreskin, American mentalist (born 1935) *2024 – S. M. Krishna, Indian politician and statesman, Minister of External Affairs (India), Minister of External Affairs, 10th List of chief ministers of Karnataka, Chief Minister of Karnataka, 19th List of governors of Maharashtra, Governor of Maharashtra (born 1932)


Holidays and observances

*Alfred Nobel Day or ''Nobeldagen'' (Sweden) *Christian feast day: **Behnam, Sarah, and the Forty Martyrs (Syriac Orthodox Church) **Eulalia of Mérida **Karl Barth (Episcopal Church (USA)) **Thomas Merton (Episcopal Church (USA)) **Basilica della Santa Casa, Translation of the Holy House of Loreto **December 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Constitution Day (Thailand) *Human Rights Day (International observance, International)


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on December 10
{{months Days of December